Humans in the Siberian Landscapes - Ethnocultural Dynamics and Interaction with Nature and Space

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
History of Siberia: People, Traditions, Landscapes
Conceptualization of Siberian Space: The Landscape–geographical Aspect
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Heterogeneous Natural Space of Siberia as an Arena for Human Settlement and Development
		1.2 Climatic Rhythms and Relief as Complementary Factors of the Upper Paleolithic Settlement of Siberia
		1.3 Key Role of Cryogenic Factors in the Mechanisms of Adaptation and Subsistence of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East*
		1.4 Siberia in the Russian Geographical Picture of the World
		1.5 Russia and Siberia: Conceptualization Within Theoretical Geography
	2 Conclusion
	References
Geographical Tools of Sacred Navigation in the Historical Development of Siberia
	1 Introduction
	2 Human and Geospace: Stages of Development and Tools
	3 Unique Natural Objects of Siberia as the First Navigation Tools
	4 The Near-Horizon Observatories as Witnesses to a Deep Calendar Tradition
	5 Navigation by the Sun and Creation of Regional Networks
	6 Sacralization of Astronomical Navigation: A Retrospective Analysis (from the Stone Age to the Present day)
	7 Conclusions
	References
Humans and Nature in Siberia: From the Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Definition of Geoarchaeology
		1.2 Basic Principles for the Study of Human–Environment Interaction in the Past
		1.3 Short Review of Relevant Research in Siberia
		1.4 Material and Methods
	2 Natural Environment of Prehistoric Populations in Siberia and the Russian Far East
		2.1 The Earliest Evidence of Human–Environment Interaction (Palaeolithic Times)
		2.2 Human Migrations in Siberia and the Russian Far East in the Holocene
		2.3 Human–Environment Interaction in the Holocene (Mesolithic–Early Iron Age Times)
	3 Two Case Studies of Human–Environment Interaction in Siberia and the Russian Far East
		3.1 Spatiotemporal Distribution of Archaeological Sites in the Lower Amur River Basin (Russian Far East)
		3.2 Spatiotemporal Distribution of Sites in the Baraba Forest Steppe (Western Siberia)
	4 Humans and Landscapes of the Altai Region of Siberia up to Ethnographic Times
		4.1 The Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic Periods
		4.2 The Aeneolithic (Middle-to-Late Fourth–Early Second Millennia BC)
		4.3 The Bronze Age (Middle of the Third–Late Second Millennia BC)
		4.4 Transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age and the Early Iron Age (Eighth–Second Centuries BC)
		4.5 The Transition from the Early Iron Age to the Middle Ages (First Century BC–Fifth Century AD)
		4.6 The Early Middle Ages (Fifth–Eleventh Centuries AD) and the Developed Middle Ages (Twelfth–Fourteenth Centuries AD)
	5 Conclusion: Main Peculiarities in Human–Environment Interaction in Prehistoric Siberia
	References
Ancient Cultures and Migrations in Northeastern Siberia
	1 Introduction
	2 Peopling of Northeastern Siberia Through the Late Pleistocene
		2.1 Initial Human Settlement in Northeastern Asia
		2.2 Yana Complex
		2.3 Beringia
		2.4 Non-Microblade Tradition
		2.5 Beringian Tradition
	3 The Early Holocene Stone Age in Extreme Northeastern Asia
		3.1 Sumnagin Culture
		3.2 Uolba Cultural Component
		3.3 Arctic Cultural Component: Zhokhovo Site
		3.4 Siberdik Culture
	4 Dynamics of Ancient Cultures in Northeastern Siberia in the Late Holocene Stone and Paleometal Ages
		4.1 Syalakh Culture
		4.2 Belkachi Culture
		4.3 Ymyyakhtakh Culture
		4.4 Ulakhan-Segelennyakh Culture
		4.5 Ust-Mil Culture
		4.6 Sugunnakh Culture
		4.7 Early Iron Age in Yakutia
	5 The Late Holocene Stone and Paleometal Ages in Chukotka
		5.1 North-Chukotkan and Ust-Belaya Cultures
		5.2 The Paleoeskimo Tradition of Chukotka
		5.3 The Neoeskimo Tradition of Chukotka
		5.4 The Lakhtin Culture
		5.5 The Kanchalan Culture
	6 The Late Holocene Stone and Paleometal Ages in Kamchatka
		6.1 Tarya Neolithic Culture
		6.2 Old Itelmen Culture
		6.3 Tevi Culture
	7 The Ancient Maritime Cultures on the Northern Coasts of the Sea of Okhotsk
		7.1 The Tokarev Culture
		7.2 The Old Koryak Culture
	8 Conclusions
	References
Russian Territorial Expansion into Siberia: The Initial Stage (XVI–XVII Centuries)
	1 Introduction
	2 Waterway Tracks to Siberia
	3 The Beginning of the Colonization Process
	4 The Beginning of the Russian Colonization of Siberia
	5 Two Types of Colonizers
	6 Two Types of Frontier
	7 Conclusion
	References
Siberia Within the Russian Empire of the XVIII–Beginning of the XX Centuries
	1 Features of the Development of the North-West of America by the Russian Empire
	2 The Content and Results of the State Policy of Agrarian Colonization of Siberia in 1861—Early XX Centuries
	3 Belarusians in Sociocultural Space of Siberia and the Russian Far East
	4 Industrial Aspect of the Colonization of Siberia and the Far East
	5 Conditions for City Formation and Features of Anthropogenic Landscape Change in Novosibirsk
	6 Transformation of Husbandry and Mentality of the Peoples of Siberia in the Context of Russian Colonization (XVIII—Beginning of the XX Centuries)
	7 Conclusion
	References
The Cossacks’ Role in the Russian Development of the Altai in the 18th–Early 20th Centuries
	1 Altai Before the Beginning of the Russian Colonization
	2 The Beginning of the Russian Colonization of the Altai
	3 Biysk (Bikatun Burg)—The Main Outpost of the Russian Development of the Altai
	4 Assigning the Altai to Russia
	5 The Development of the Altai Foothills by the Russians in the Early 18th Century
	6 Russian Penetration into the Central Part of the Altai Mountains
	7 Kazakhs in the Kulunda Steppe in the South-East of the Altai Mountains
	8 Altai Cossacks in the 19th Century
	9 The Economy of Altai Cossacks by the Beginning of the 20th Century
	References
From Imperial to Soviet Siberia—The Continuity and Innovations of the Economic Development of the Far East
	1 Introduction
	2 The Development of Transport in the Far East of Russia Early XX Century: Institutions and Practices
	3 Trends and Development Dynamics of the Transport System of the Russian Far East in the 1920s
	4 Peculiarity of Industrial Modernization: The Imperial and Soviet Model of Industrial Development
	5 Conclusion
	References
Does Siberia Have a Bright Future: The Prospects of the Social, Environmental, and Energy Efficiency Development
	1 Introduction
	2 Sinergetic interaction of Siberia regions
	3 Market Transformations
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Data
		4.2 Methods
	5 Results
		5.1 Model 1
		5.2 Model 2
		5.3 Model 3
	6 Conclusions
	References
Future of Siberia: Development of Railway Infrastructure
	1 The Role of Railway Transport in Siberia
	2 Experience in the Building of the Baikal–Amur and Amur–Yakutsk Highways—Economic Development of Siberia
	3 Modernization of the Eastern Polygon
	4 The Construction of the North Siberian Railway is Necessary
	5 Promising Railway Transport Projects in Siberia
	6 Conclusion
	References
Siberia’ Geographical Economics & Resources Features in the Last Century
Pacific Russia in the Space of Siberia: Development Processes, Resource Problems, Environmental and Social Challenges
	1 Introduction
	2 Territorial Organization of the Population of the Russian Far East (Pacific Russia): The Stages of Development and the Results Of Colonization from Middle Nineteenth to Early Twenty-First Centuries
	3 “Birobidzhan Project” in the Development of the Far Eastern Territories of the USSR
	4 Resource Dependence of Pacific Russia: Manifestation in Modern Models of Development
	5 Transformation of Landscapes in Priamurye Due to the Resource Development
	6 Ecological Aspects of the Modern Development of the Regions of Pacific Russia
	7 Integrative Goals of Territorial Development of Pacific Russia’ Regions Based on Adaptive Landscape Positions (on the Case of Amurskaya Oblast)
	8 Conclusion
	References
Russia “Has Growing with Siberia”: Soviet Power in the Battle Against Nature and Territory for Resources
	1 Industrial Standard of Raw Siberian North’s Resources’ Developing (1917–1991): From Nature to Environment
	2 Siberian Indigenous People and Land Management in the 1920—First Half 1930th Years
	3 North-Western Siberia (1930–1950th)’ Special Colonization
	4 “The Dalstroy Phenomenon”: Soviet Development of the Northeast of Russia in the 1930s–1950s
	References
Socio-Economic and Demographic Transformations of Post-soviet Siberia
	1 Socio-Economic Features and Transformations of Territorial Structure of Siberian Economy at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century
	2 Demographic Processes, Settlement, Population Reproduction
	3 Quality and Standard of Living of the Population
	4 Asymmetry of Social and Economic Development of Regions of the Far North
	5 Transboundary Region of the Great Altai: Concepts and Prospects for Its Development
	6 Assessment of Transformation Processes in Nomadic Society as a Result of Transition to Market Relations and Changes in the “Feeding” Landscape of the Mongolian Plateau
	7 Conclusions
	References
Landscape and Ecological Transformations of Siberia: Spatial Projection
	1 Traditional Use of Natural Resources. On the Question of Transformation Impact on the Ethno-Ecological Calendar of the Barguzin Evenks
	2 Natural Transformation of Modern Landscapes of the South of Eastern Siberia: Elements of the Past and Environmental Consequences of Climate Fluctuations
		2.1 The State of Relict Geosystems
		2.2 Transformation of Geosystems Under the Influence of Natural Factors
	3 Anthropogenic Factors, Causes, and Main Consequences of Ecological Transformation of Landscapes of Siberia
		3.1 Change in Ambient Air
		3.2 Surface and Groundwater Changes
		3.3 Soil Cover Transformation
		3.4 Vegetation Cover Transformation
	4 Modern Landscapes of the South of Eastern Siberia as a Reflection of the Centuries-Old History of Economic Development
	5 Conclusion
	References
Hunting in Siberia: Between Subsistence Practices and Natural Resource Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Hunting, Culture and Siberia
	3 Hunting as a Form of Extractive Industry
	4 Siberian Hunting as a Form of Natural Resource Management
	5 Hunting as a Market-Regulated Activity and Changes in Population of Game Animals
	6 Hunting as a Subsistence Activity
	7 Hunting and Mobility: The Use of Resources by Evenkis in the Context of Socio-Economic Change
	8 Conclusions
	References
Economic Development of Siberia: From Nonlinear Presence to an Indefinite Future
	1 The Role of Regional Specificity in the Formation of Nonlinearity of Economic Behavior of the Territory
	2 Geohistorical Projection of Regional Medium for Defining Territorial Spatial–Temporal Basis and Its Impact on Social and Economic Development Peculiarities of Siberia
	3 Ethnogeosystems of the Uimon Depression
	4 Prospects for the Development of the Siberian Regions of Old and New Development
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Development of Siberia Based on the Cultures of Indigenous People and Newcomers
	1 Introduction
	2 Siberia Image in Works of Russian Writers
	3 Traditional Nature Management of Local Old Believer Communities on the Trans-Baikal Territory
	4 The Russians in the Altai Mountains’ Natural Landscapes: Development of the Territories and Ethnocultural Identity
	5 Mountain Landscape: Vision Images and Traditional Beliefs of the Northern turks—The Sakha People
	6 Khandinian Evenks: Transformation of Living Conditions
	7 Music as an Institution of Cultural Adaptation to the Landscape
	References
Lifestyle Transformation of the Siberia’ Indigenous Peoples in the Soviet Period
	1 The Peculiarity of the Industrial revolution’s Ways in Siberia in the First Half of the Twentieth Century
	2 Formation of Soviet Siberia as a Specific Cultural and Historical Type
	3 Socialist Transformations in the Life of the Indigenous Peoples of Kamchatka: Achievements and Problems
	4 Deer—The Eternal Companion of the Even
	5 The Last Nomads of the North-East of Siberia: The Rassokha Group of the Evens in the 1950s–1970s
	6 Transformation of the Nanai Hunting During the Soviet Period
	7 Conclusions
	References
Siberia’s Nature and Natural Resources in the Culture of Indigenous and Russian Population
	1 Introduction
	2 Zonal Types of Landscapes in Folk Terminology and Mythology
	3 Hydro-Network in the System of Khanty Sacral Centers: Mother River
	4 White Taiga: Old Believers’ Hermitage and Sacralization the Far Reaches of the Ecumene
	5 Springs in the Russian Folk-Orthodox Tradition and Ritual Practices of the Twentieth to Early Twenty-First Centuries
	6 Mountains and Bowels of Southern Siberia in the Context of Traditional Culture and Reciprocal Economy
	7 Conclusions
	References
Modern Inter-Ethnic Contacts and Ethnic Processes in Siberia
	1 Inter-Ethnic Interaction and Models of Development of the Territory of Siberia
	2 The Role of Ethnic Labour Division in the Formation of Ethno-Cultural Space of Siberia
	3 Ethnic and Cultural Trans-Border Regions and Ethnocontact Zones in the Geo-Cultural Space of Siberia: Geographical Aspect of the Research
	4 Impact of Modern Ethnodemographic Processes on Ethnogeography of Siberia
	5 Folk Geographical Terminology as a Reflection of Intercultural Communications (On the Example of Russian-Buryat and Russian-Evenk Interactions)
	6 Correlation of Ethnic and Regional Identity
	7 Ethno-Cultural Identity as a Function of Ethno-Mentality
	8 Regulation of Living Conditions of Indigenous Minorities
	9 Conclusions
	References
Philosophy and Linguistic of Siberia in the New Millennium
	1 Anthropogenesis, Ethno-Genesis, and Biophilosophy of Siberia
	2 Geophilosophy of Eurasian Civilization
	3 People, Space, and Time in a Regional Language Picture of the World
	4 Wild Fauna in Traditional Buryat Notions
	5 Man and Nature in the Traditional Khakas Culture
	6 “Samokhody” is a Phenomenon of Ethno-Cultural Identity of Peasant Settlers in Siberia
	7 Biopolitics and Cultural Health of Siberia
	8 Transformation of the Siberian Lifestyle as an Eco-oriented Future Strategy
	References
Epilogue
Author Index
Subject Index