Human Transgression Divine Retribution: A Study of Religious Transgressions and Punishments in Greek Cultic Regulation and Lydian-Phrygian Propitiatory Inscriptions (Confession Inscriptions)

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Foreword
Part 1. Introduction and Aims of the Study
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Aims of the Study
	General remarks
	Greek or Oriental religiosity
	Notes on method
		The structure of the study
		Interpretive approach
		Time, geography and context
		Sources
	Concluding remarks
Part 2. The Propitiatory Inscriptions
Chapter 3. The Propitiatory Inscriptions and their Religious Context
	I. Propitiatory inscriptions
		Geography
		Time
		Content
		Structure
		Curses, judicial prayers and oaths
		Gods in propitiatory inscriptions
			Μήν
			ʼΑπόλλων
			Ζεύς
			Μήτηρ
	II. Religion and cult in Lydia and Phrygia
		General remarks
		The Gods of Katakekaumene
			Katakekaumene outside the territories of the four main cities
			Maionia
			Saittai
			Silandos
			Tabala
		Categories of religious inscriptions
			Ex-voto inscriptions
			Dedicatory inscriptions
			Grave inscriptions
			Honorary inscriptions
		Analysis
	III. Conclusions
Chapter 4. Earlier Research on the Propitiatory Inscriptions
	I. Trails in the research on propitiatory inscriptions
		Confession of sin
		Oriental religiosity
		Theocracy and a religious legal system
	II. Trails in recent research
		Research following Petzl’s publication
		The research situation since 2006
	III. Conclusions
Part 3. Religious Transgressions and Punishments
Chapter 5. Greek Cultic Morality
	I. Cultic morality – definition
		Introduction
		Morality, moral philosophy and ethics
		Cultic morality and cultic legislation
		Piety
	II. Boundaries and social control
		External boundaries
		Internal boundaries
	III. Creating sacred space
		Sacred space
		Greek terminology of sacred space
			τέμενος
			ἱερός
			σηκός
			ἄβατον and ἄδυτον
			ἄλσος
	IV. Purity and impurity
		Introduction
		Purity and impurity as an interpretative tool
		Greek terms for ritual pollution and purity
			ἁγνός
			ἱερός
			ὅσιος
		The notion of impurity and purification in ancient Greek religion
			Miasma and agos
			Purification
		Sources of ritual pollution in ancient Greek religion
			Death
			Birth
			Sexuality
	V. Protection of sacred property
	VI. Conclusion
Chapter 6. Prohibitions and Punishments in Greek Cultic Regulations
	I. Introduction
		Defining the genre
		Publications and classification of cultic regulations
		Rules for the protection of sacred property.
	II. Prohibitions in cultic regulations
		Prohibitions against entry
		General purity rules
		Prohibitions against impurity
		Detailed purity rules
			Death pollution
			Birth pollution
			Sexual pollution
			Dietary rules
			Clothes, weapons and jewellery
			Domestic animals
		Damage to sacred property
			Violations of sacred trees and groves
			Other prohibitions concerning sacred property
	III. Punishments in cultic regulations
		Civil punishments
			Fines
			Corporal punishment
			Rituals as punishments
		Divine punishments
		Excursion – LSAM 20
	IV. Conclusions
		Historical aspects
		Authority and punishments
			Authority
			Punishments
		Conclusions
Chapter 7. Transgressions in the Propitiatory Inscriptions
	I. Introduction
		Classifications of the transgressions in the propitiatory inscriptions
			Earlier classifications of transgressions
			Causes of punishment
		Causes of punishment in BIWK
		Vocabulary of transgressions in the propitiatory inscriptions
	II. Category I a: Violations of purity rules
		Vocabulary of ritual purity and impurity in propitiatory inscriptions
			ἄναγνος
			καθαρός
			καταμολύνω, μολύνω and μολυσμός
			λούω
			ῥυπαρός
		Crossing the border
		Ritual pollution and purification
		The notion of ritual impurity in the propitiatory inscriptions
	III. Category I b: Violations of sacred property
		Violations of sacred groves and trees
			The transgression
			Violation of trees in the propitiatory inscriptions and in Greek cultic regulations
		Destruction of sacred objects
	IV. Category I c: Neglect of religious duty
		Dishonouring the gods
		Neglect of religious offices
		Other transgressions
		Propitiatory inscriptions with uncertain content
	V. Categories II & III: Judicial prayers and perjury
		Civil conflicts
		Judicial prayers
			Abolishment of curses
			Recordings of fulfilled judicial prayers and curses
		Perjury
		Civil transgressions in the propitiatory inscriptions – concluding remarks
	VI. Conclusions
Part 4. Conclusions
Chapter 8. Conclusions
	Cultic morality in the two genres
	Introduction
	Divine punishments and curses
		Divine punishment in Greek cultic regulations and propitiatory inscriptions
		Divine punishment in Lydian cultic regulations
		Literacy and oral tradition
	The ideology and function of the propitiatory inscriptions
		The cultic level
		The ideological level
		The sociological level
	The function of propitiatory inscriptions in Lydian and Phrygian cults
	Concluding remarks – The origin of the propitiatory inscriptions
Part 5. Appendices, Bibliography and Index of Citation
Appendix A: Cultic Regulations
Appendix B. Propitiatory Inscriptions
Bibliography
Index of Citations
General Index