Human Rights from Below: Achieving Rights Through Community Development

Half title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 9
Introduction......Page 11
Part 1 Thinking about community development......Page 17
COMMUNITY......Page 19
DEVELOPMENT......Page 27
COMMUNITY ORGANISATION......Page 30
COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING......Page 31
IMPERATIVES......Page 32
PRINCIPLES......Page 39
BOTTOM-UP DEVELOPMENT......Page 40
VALUING WISDOM, KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS \'FROM BELOW’......Page 41
SELF-RELIANCE, INDEPENDENCE AND INTERDEPENDENCE......Page 42
ECOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY......Page 43
DIVERSITY AND INCLUSIVENESS......Page 44
THE IMPORTANCE OF PROCESS......Page 46
ORGANIC CHANGE......Page 48
PARTICIPATION......Page 49
CONSENSUSCOOPERATION AND CONFLICT/COMPETITION......Page 51
DEFINITION OF NEED......Page 53
THE GLOBAL AND THE LOCAL......Page 54
COLONIALISM......Page 55
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AS POSTMODERN......Page 57
STRUCTURAL ISSUES AND SOCIAL JUSTICE......Page 58
CONCLUSION: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AS A WAY OF THINKING AND WORKING......Page 59
DIMENSIONS......Page 60
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 61
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT......Page 62
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 64
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 65
ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 69
SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 71
SURVIVAL-BASED DEVELOPMENT......Page 73
CONCLUSION......Page 75
Part 2 Thinking about human rights......Page 77
\'HUMAN’......Page 79
NATURAL RIGHTS......Page 83
STATES OBLIGATIONS......Page 84
CONSTRUCTED RIGHTS......Page 86
SUMMARY......Page 87
IMPERATIVES......Page 88
PRINCIPLES......Page 94
BEYOND THE NATION STATE......Page 96
JUSTICIABILITY OF RIGHTS; THE RULE OF LAW......Page 98
RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES......Page 100
INTERGENERATIONAL RIGHTS......Page 102
INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE RIGHTS......Page 103
HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE STATE......Page 105
UNIVERSALISM AND CONTEXT......Page 106
GENERALISED RIGHTS......Page 109
ASPIRATIONAL UNIVERSALITY......Page 110
UNIVERSALS AND CONTEXT COEXISTING......Page 111
INDIVIDUALISM......Page 113
GENDER......Page 114
THE SECULAR......Page 115
UTILITARIANISM, BENTHAM AND KANT......Page 116
PROGRESS......Page 118
RACISM AND COLONIALISM......Page 119
RIGHTS, FREEDOMS AND SELFISHNESS......Page 120
HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE LAW......Page 121
CONCLUSION......Page 122
DIMENSIONS......Page 123
PROBLEMS WITH THE THREE GENERATIONS......Page 124
Part 3 Bringing human rights and community development together......Page 131
CONTRIBUTIONS OF EACH TO THE OTHER......Page 133
A HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT......Page 134
A COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 136
HUMAN RIGHTS FROM BELOW: SOME THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 138
SHARED HUMANITY......Page 139
NEEDS AND RIGHTS......Page 141
DISCURSIVE AND REFLEXIVE DEFINITIONS OF RIGHTS......Page 144
DEMOCRACY......Page 145
DIALOGUE AND THE ENCOUNTER WITH THE OTHER......Page 147
A CULTURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 149
BEYOND POSITIVISM......Page 151
POSTMODERNISM AND POSTMODERNITY......Page 154
BEYOND DUALISMS......Page 156
GLOBALISATION AND LOCALISATION......Page 157
THE ECOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE......Page 158
RECONSIDERING CONTEXT......Page 162
CONCLUSION......Page 163
Part 4 Enacting human rights from below......Page 165
SOCIAL RIGHTS AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 167
ECONOMIC RIGHTS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT......Page 175
CIVIL POLITICAL RIGHTS AND CIVIL POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 181
CULTURAL RIGHTS AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 186
ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 193
SPIRITUAL RIGHTS AND SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 199
SURVIVAL RIGHTS......Page 204
CONCLUSION......Page 208
WAYS OF PRACTISING HUMAN RIGHTS FROM BELOW......Page 210
HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION......Page 212
THEORY AND PRACTICE......Page 215
THE PROBLEM WITH \'HOW TO DO IT’......Page 220
DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE PRACTICE......Page 221
COMMUNITIES DEFINING HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 222
THE HUMAN RIGHTS MATRIX......Page 223
COMMUNITIES PROMOTING HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 225
COMMUNITIES PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 229
HUMAN RIGHTS ACROSS COMMUNITIES......Page 231
KNOWLEDGE, VALUES AND SKILLS......Page 233
KNOWLEDGE......Page 236
SKILLS......Page 238
SHARING KNOWLEDGE, VALUES AND SKILLS......Page 239
THE ONGOING JOURNEY......Page 240
INSPIRATION AND HOPE......Page 242
OUTLINE FOR A WORKSHOP......Page 245
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION......Page 246
References......Page 252
Index......Page 261