Human development: a life-span view

About the Authors......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 23
Acknowledgments......Page 31
To the Student......Page 32
Ch 1: The Study of Human Development......Page 36
 1.1: Thinking about Development......Page 38
 1.2: Developmental Theories......Page 46
 1.3: Doing Developmental Research......Page 58
 Summary......Page 73
 Key Terms......Page 75
 Study Tools......Page 76
Part 1: Prenatal Development, Infancy, and Early Childhood......Page 77
 Ch 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth......Page 78
  2.1: In the Beginning: 23 Pairs of Chromosomes......Page 80
  2.2: From Conception to Birth......Page 92
  2.3: Influences on Prenatal Development......Page 99
  2.4: Labour and Delivery......Page 109
  Summary......Page 118
  Key Terms......Page 120
  Study Tools......Page 121
 Ch 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy......Page 122
  3.1: The Newborn......Page 124
  3.2: Physical Development......Page 129
  3.3: Moving and Grasping - Early Motor Skills......Page 140
  3.4: Coming to Know the World: Perception......Page 146
  3.5: The Onset of Thinking......Page 157
  3.6: Language......Page 169
  Summary......Page 176
  Key Terms......Page 178
  Study Tools......Page 179
 Ch 4: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy......Page 180
  4.1: Beginnings: Trust and Attachment......Page 182
  4.2: Emerging Emotions......Page 192
  4.3: Becoming Self-Aware......Page 201
  4.4: Interacting with Others......Page 202
  Summary......Page 204
  Key Terms......Page 206
  Study Tools......Page 207
 Ch 5: Growing and Learning in the Preschool Years: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood......Page 208
  5.1: Physical Development: Growth and Change......Page 210
  5.2: Gross and Fine Motor Skills......Page 212
  5.3: Cognitive Development: Piaget's Account......Page 215
  5.4: Information Processing during Early Childhood......Page 223
  5.5: Mind and Culture: Vygotsky's Theory......Page 228
  5.6: Language......Page 231
  Summary......Page 242
  Key Terms......Page 244
  Study Tools......Page 245
 Ch 6: Interacting and the Work of Play: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood......Page 246
  6.1: Parenting......Page 248
  6.2: Independence and Emotions......Page 261
  6.3: Self-Awareness during Preschool Years......Page 264
  6.4: Interacting with Others......Page 268
  6.5: Gender Roles and Gender Identity......Page 276
  Summary......Page 286
  Study Tools......Page 288
Part 2: School-Age Children and Adolescents......Page 289
 Ch 7: Off to School: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood......Page 290
  7.1: Physical Development in Middle Childhood......Page 292
  7.2: Cognitive Development......Page 296
  7.3: Aptitudes for School......Page 300
  7.4: Special Children, Special Needs......Page 313
  7.5: Academic Skills......Page 320
  7.6: Learning in School......Page 328
  Summary......Page 331
  Study Tools......Page 333
 Ch 8: Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood......Page 334
  8.1: Family Relationships......Page 336
  8.2: Peers......Page 345
  8.3: Electronic Media......Page 353
  8.4: Understanding Others......Page 355
  Summary......Page 361
  Study Tools......Page 363
 Ch 9: Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence......Page 364
  9.1: Physical Changes......Page 366
  9.2: Health......Page 375
  9.3: Cognitive Development during Adolescence......Page 381
  9.4: Reasoning about Moral Issues......Page 388
  Summary......Page 395
  Key Terms......Page 396
  Study Tools......Page 397
 Ch 10: Moving into the Adult Social World: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence......Page 398
  10.1: Identity and Self-Esteem......Page 400
  10.2: Romantic Relationships and Sexuality......Page 407
  10.3: The World of Work......Page 413
  10.4: The Dark Side......Page 418
  Summary......Page 426
  Key Terms......Page 427
  Study Tools......Page 428
Part 3: Young and Middle Adulthood......Page 429
 Ch 11: Becoming an Adult: Physical and Cognitive Development......Page 430
  11.1: When Does Adulthood Begin?......Page 432
  11.2: Physical Development and Health......Page 438
  11.3: Cognitive Development......Page 446
  11.4: Who Do You Want to Be? Personality in Young Adulthood......Page 460
  Summary......Page 466
  Key Terms......Page 468
  Study Tools......Page 469
 Ch 12: Being with Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood......Page 470
  12.1: Relationships......Page 472
  12.2: Lifestyles......Page 484
  12.3: Families......Page 493
  12.4: Divorce and Remarriage......Page 498
  Summary......Page 503
  Key Terms......Page 504
  Study Tools......Page 505
 Ch 13: Work and Leisure: Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood......Page 506
  13.1: Occupational Selection and Development......Page 508
  13.2: Gender, Ethnicity, and Discrimination Issues......Page 520
  13.3: Occupational Transitions......Page 528
  13.4: Work and Family......Page 532
  13.5: Time to Relax: Leisure Activities......Page 538
  Summary......Page 541
  Study Tools......Page 543
 Ch 14: Making It in Midlife: The Unique Challenges of Middle Adulthood......Page 544
  14.1: Physical Changes and Health......Page 546
  14.2: Cognitive Development......Page 558
  14.3: Personality......Page 565
  14.4: Family Dynamics and Middle Age......Page 573
  Summary......Page 582
  Study Tools......Page 584
Part 4: Late Adulthood......Page 585
 Ch 15: The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues......Page 586
  15.1: What are Older Adults Like?......Page 588
  15.2: Physical Changes and Health......Page 596
  15.3: Cognitive Processes......Page 609
  15.4: Mental Health and Intervention......Page 619
  Summary......Page 628
  Key Terms......Page 629
  Study Tools......Page 631
 Ch 16: Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial, Retirement, Relationship, and Societal Issues......Page 632
  16.1: Theories of Psychosocial Aging......Page 634
  16.2: Personality, Social Cognition, and Spirituality......Page 639
  16.3: I Used to Work at ...: Living in Retirement......Page 646
  16.4: Friends and Family in Late Life......Page 651
  16.5: Social Issues and Aging......Page 657
  Summary......Page 666
  Key Terms......Page 668
  Study Tools......Page 669
 Ch 17: The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement......Page 670
  17.1: Definitions and Ethical Issues......Page 672
  17.2: Thinking about Death: Personal Aspects......Page 681
  17.3: Surviving the Loss: The Grieving Process......Page 691
  17.4: Dying and Bereavement Experiences across the Life Span......Page 700
  Summary......Page 709
  Key Terms......Page 710
  Study Tools......Page 711
Glossary......Page 712
References......Page 726
Index......Page 824