Human-computer interaction in the new millennium

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 26
Introduction: Human-Computer Interaction, the Past and the Present......Page 28
PART I: MODELS, THEORIES, AND FRAMEWORKS......Page 40
  1.1 Introduction......Page 42
  1.2 Theories and Cognitive Models......Page 43
  1.3 Claims, Products, and Artifacts......Page 48
  1.4 Generalizing Claims and Reusing HCI Knowledge......Page 52
  1.5 Conclusions......Page 63
  2.1 Theory Development in a Boundless Domain......Page 70
  2.2 Systems of Interactors, Macrotheory, Microtheory, and Layered Explanation......Page 71
  2.3 Macrotheory and Interaction......Page 75
  2.4 Capturing Significant Variation in Interaction Trajectories......Page 78
  2.5 Realizing Coherent Type 1 Theories of Interaction......Page 82
  2.6 Extension to Higher Order Systems of Interaction......Page 85
  2.7 Conclusion......Page 88
  3.1 Introduction: ++HCI and the MoRAS......Page 92
  3.2 The MoRAS......Page 93
  3.3 Illustrating the Consequences......Page 98
  3.4 The MoRAS and ++HCI Design......Page 107
  3.5 Future Directions......Page 108
  4.1 Introduction......Page 114
  4.2 A Distributed Cognition Approach......Page 116
  4.3 An Integrated Framework for Research......Page 119
  4.4 Conclusions and Future Directions......Page 129
PART II: USABILITY ENGINEERING METHODS AND CONCEPTS......Page 134
  5.1 Introduction......Page 136
  5.2 Strategies in the Intermediate Layers of Knowledge......Page 137
  5.3 Evidence for the Effects of Aggregation Strategies on Performance......Page 142
  5.4 Possible Explanations for Inefficient Computer Usage......Page 149
  5.5 General Computer Strategies beyond Aggregation......Page 156
  5.6 Summary and Future Research......Page 159
  6.1 The Synergy between Cognitive Modeling and HCI......Page 164
  6.2 A Route to Supporting Models as Users......Page 166
  6.3 Example Cognitive Models That Perform Interactive Tasks......Page 171
  6.4 Cognitive Models as Users in the New Millennium......Page 180
  7.1 Introduction......Page 188
  7.2 Case Study: Hedge Funds in August 1998......Page 189
  7.3 The Global Knowledge-Based Economy and the Demand for Adaptation......Page 191
  7.4 Cognitive Work Analysis: A Potential Programmatic Approach......Page 197
  7.5 The Future: What Can We Be Sure Of?......Page 203
  8.1 The Problems with HCI as Radical Invention......Page 206
  8.2 The Reference Task Solution......Page 209
  8.3 Reference Tasks in HCI......Page 211
  8.4 How to Define a Reference Task......Page 215
  8.5 An Example Reference Task: Browsing and Retrieval in Speech Archives......Page 216
  8.6 Conclusions......Page 224
  9.1 Introduction......Page 230
  9.2 Present Levels of HCI Maturity......Page 232
  9.3 Future HCI: Level 3: Individualized and Holistic Interaction......Page 234
  9.4 Summary and Conclusions......Page 244
PART III: USER INTERFACE SOFTWARE AND TOOLS......Page 250
  10.1 Introduction......Page 252
  10.2 Historical Perspective......Page 254
  10.3 Future Prospects and Visions......Page 260
  10.4 Operating System Issues......Page 268
  10.5 Conclusions......Page 269
  11.1 Introduction......Page 274
  11.2 Three Perspectives on Creativity......Page 275
  11.3 Levels of Creativity......Page 277
  11.4 Genex: A Four-Phase Framework for Generating Excellence......Page 279
  11.5 Integrating Creative Activities......Page 281
  11.6 Architectural Scenario......Page 292
  11.7 Conclusion......Page 293
  12.1 Introduction......Page 298
  12.2 Architecture Models......Page 300
  12.3 Robust Dynamic Configuration and Communication......Page 304
  12.4 Context-Based Interpretation......Page 305
  12.5 Action and Perception......Page 307
  12.6 Research Issues......Page 311
  12.7 Conclusion......Page 313
PART IV: GROUPWARE AND COOPERATIVE ACTIVITY......Page 316
  13.1 Introduction......Page 318
  13.2 Early Roots and Insights......Page 319
  13.3 Tailoring Communications......Page 322
  13.4 Discourse Structures......Page 324
  13.5 Collective Intelligence......Page 327
  13.6 Multimedia Communication Systems......Page 330
  13.7 Conclusion......Page 334
  14.1 Introduction......Page 342
  14.2 A Biased Summary of CSCW Findings......Page 343
  14.3 The Social-Technical Gap in Action......Page 346
  14.4 What to Do?......Page 352
  14.5 Conclusion......Page 358
  15.1 Introduction......Page 364
  15.2 Foundations: Social Translucence......Page 365
  15.3 Application Domain: Knowledge Management......Page 367
  15.4 Implementation: Social Translucence in Digital Systems......Page 371
  15.5 Some Research Issues......Page 376
  15.6 Conclusion......Page 381
  16.1 Introduction......Page 386
  16.2 Challenging Problems for the Future of Human-Computer Interaction......Page 387
  16.3 The Envisionment and Discovery Collaboratory (EDC)......Page 392
  16.4 Assessment......Page 404
  16.5 Future Work......Page 405
  16.6 Conclusion......Page 407
  17.1 Introduction......Page 412
  17.2 Stages of Cooperative Engagement......Page 414
  17.3 The Practitioner-Informant......Page 415
  17.4 The Analyst......Page 419
  17.5 The Designer......Page 422
  17.6 The Coach......Page 425
  17.7 Transitions between Stages......Page 427
  17.8 Conclusion......Page 430
  18.1 Introduction......Page 436
  18.2 Collocated Work Today......Page 438
  18.3 Remote Work Today......Page 441
  18.4 The Findings Integrated: Four Concepts......Page 444
  18.5 Distance Work in the New Millennium......Page 449
  18.6 Conclusion......Page 452
PART V: MEDIA AND INFORMATION......Page 458
  19.1 Introduction to Multimodal Speech and Gesture Interfaces......Page 460
  19.2 Advantages and Optimal Uses of Multimodal Interface Design......Page 462
  19.3 Architectural Approaches to Multimodal Integration and Systems......Page 465
  19.4 Diversity of Emerging Speech and Gesture Applications......Page 475
  19.5 Future Research Directions for Multimodal Interfaces......Page 489
  19.6 Conclusion......Page 491
  20.1 Introduction......Page 496
  20.2 Antecedents of Digital Libraries: The Ideas and the Evidence......Page 497
  20.3 HCI Research: From Enabling to Envisioning......Page 500
  20.4 Problems with HCI's Role in Digital Library Design......Page 504
  20.5 Extending HCI's Remit with DLs......Page 508
  20.6 Conclusion......Page 511
  21.1 Introduction: Advance-Based Interfaces......Page 514
  21.2 Examples of Advice in Interfaces......Page 516
  21.3 Advice-Based Interfaces in AI and HCI......Page 520
  21.4 The Future of Advice-Oriented Interfaces......Page 522
  21.5 Conclusion......Page 524
  22.1 Introduction......Page 526
  22.2 Recommendation: Examples and Concepts......Page 527
  22.3 A Model of the Recommendation Process......Page 528
  22.4 Content-Based Recommenders......Page 532
  22.5 Recommendation Support Systems......Page 533
  22.6 Social Data Mining......Page 535
  22.7 Collaborative Filtering......Page 538
  22.8 Current Challenges and New Opportunities......Page 541
  22.9 Conclusion......Page 544
PART VI: INTEGRATING COMPUTATION AND REAL ENVIRONMENTS......Page 550
  23.1 Introduction......Page 552
  23.2 Computing with Natural Interfaces......Page 554
  23.3 Context-Aware Computing......Page 557
  23.4 Automated Capture and Access to Live Experiences......Page 561
  23.5 Toward Everyday Computing......Page 563
  23.6 Additional Challenges for Ubicomp......Page 566
  23.7 Conclusion......Page 573
  24.1 Introduction......Page 576
  24.2 Grand Challenge #1: Emancipating Information......Page 578
  24.3 Grand Challenge #2: Clueing in Those Clueless Computers......Page 584
  24.4 Conclusion......Page 587
  25.1 Introduction......Page 592
  25.2 Three Points of Departure......Page 595
  25.3 Related Work......Page 597
  25.4 Design Perspectives for the Workspaces of the Future......Page 599
  25.5 Cooperative Buildings......Page 600
  25.6 Requirements from Creative Teams......Page 603
  25.7 Roomware® Components......Page 604
  25.9 The Beach Software: Supporting Creativity......Page 612
  25.10 Conclusion......Page 614
  26.1 Introduction......Page 618
  26.2 A First Example: Urp......Page 619
  26.3 Tangible User Interfaces......Page 620
  26.4 Interaction Model......Page 621
  26.5 Key Characteristics......Page 623
  26.6 Example Two: mediaBlocks......Page 624
  26.7 Terminology......Page 626
  26.8 Coupling Objects with Digital Information......Page 627
  26.9 Interpreting Systems of Objects......Page 631
  26.10 Application Domains......Page 634
  26.11 Related Areas......Page 635
  26.12 Conclusion......Page 637
PART VII: HCI AND SOCIETY......Page 642
  27.1 Introduction......Page 644
  27.2 An Overview of Learner-Centered Design......Page 645
  27.3 Open Issues In Designing Learner-Centered Tools......Page 655
  27.4 Conclusion......Page 661
 CHAPTER 28 HCI Meets the “Real World”: Designing Technologies for Civic Sector Use......Page 666
  28.2 Support for the Community......Page 667
  28.3 Community Networks......Page 669
  28.4 The Seattle Community Network— A Whirlwind Tour......Page 672
  28.5 Opportunities and Ideas......Page 678
  28.6 How Can HCI Research Get Transferred to the Community?......Page 680
  28.8 Discussion......Page 681
  28.9 Conclusion......Page 682
  29.1 Introduction......Page 686
  29.2 How Social Capital Works......Page 690
  29.3 The Anatomy of Social Capital......Page 692
  29.4 SocioTechnical Capital Opportunities......Page 695
  29.5 Examples of New SocioTechnical Relations......Page 699
  29.6 Research Agenda......Page 704
  29.7 Conclusion......Page 707
Contributors......Page 712
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 D......Page 729
 F......Page 730
 H......Page 731
 I......Page 732
 L......Page 733
 M......Page 734
 N......Page 735
 P......Page 736
 R......Page 737
 S......Page 738
 T......Page 740
 W......Page 741
 Z......Page 742