Human-computer interaction

Cover......Page 1
Human–Computer Interaction......Page 4
Contents......Page 8
Guided tour......Page 15
Fore Word......Page 17
Preface To The Third Edition......Page 20
Publisher's Acknowledgements......Page 24
Introduction......Page 28
Foundations......Page 36
The Human......Page 38
Introduction......Page 39
Input-Output Channels......Page 40
Design Focus: Getting noticed......Page 43
Design Focus: Where's the middle?......Page 49
Human Memory......Page 54
Design Focus: Cashing In......Page 57
Design Focus: 7 ± 2 revisited......Page 59
Thinking: Reasoning And Problem Solving......Page 66
Design Focus: Human error and false memories......Page 76
Emotion......Page 78
Individual Differences......Page 79
Psychology And The Design Of Interactive System......Page 80
Summary......Page 82
Exercises......Page 83
Recommended Reading......Page 84
The Computer......Page 86
Introduction......Page 87
Text Entry Devices......Page 90
Design Focus:Numeric keypads......Page 94
Positioning, Pointing And Drawing......Page 98
Display Devices......Page 105
Design Focus Hermes: a situated display......Page 113
Devices For Virtual Reality And 3D Interaction......Page 114
Design Focus: Feeling the road......Page 121
Design Focus: Smart-Its – making using sensors easy......Page 123
Paper: Printing And Scanning......Page 124
Design Focus: Readability of text......Page 128
Memory......Page 134
Processing And Networks......Page 141
Design Focus: The myth of the infinitely fast machine......Page 143
Summary......Page 147
Exercises......Page 148
Recommended Reading......Page 149
The Interaction......Page 150
Models Of Interaction......Page 151
Frame Works And HCI......Page 157
Ergonomics......Page 158
Design Focus: Industrial interfaces......Page 160
Interaction Styles......Page 163
Design Focus: Navigation in 3D and 2D......Page 171
Elements Of The WIMP Interface......Page 172
Design Focus: Learning toolbars......Page 178
Interactivity......Page 179
The Context Of The Interaction......Page 181
Design Focus: Half the picture?......Page 182
Experience, Engagement And Fun......Page 183
Summary......Page 187
Exercises......Page 188
Recommended Reading......Page 189
Paradigms......Page 191
Paradigms For Interaction......Page 192
Summary......Page 212
Exercises......Page 213
Recommended Reading......Page 214
Design Process......Page 216
Interaction Design Basics......Page 218
Introduction......Page 219
What Is Design?......Page 220
The Process Of Design......Page 222
User Focus......Page 224
Design Focus: Cultural probes......Page 227
Scenarios......Page 228
Navigation Design......Page 230
Design Focus: Beware the big button trap......Page 233
Design Focus: Modes......Page 234
Screen Design And Layout......Page 238
Design Focus: Alignment and layout matter......Page 241
Design Focus: Checking screen colors......Page 246
Iteration And Prototyping......Page 247
Summary......Page 249
Exercises......Page 250
Recommended Reading......Page 251
HCI In The Software Process......Page 252
The Software Life Cycle......Page 253
Usability Engineering......Page 264
Iterative Design And Prototyping......Page 268
Design Focus: Prototyping in practice......Page 272
Design Rationale......Page 275
Summary......Page 283
Recommended Reading......Page 284
Design Rules......Page 285
Introduction......Page 286
Principles To Support Usability......Page 287
Standards......Page 302
Guidelines......Page 304
Golden Rules And Heuristics......Page 309
HCI Patterns......Page 311
Summary......Page 313
Exercises......Page 314
Recommended Reading......Page 315
Implementation Support......Page 316
Introduction......Page 317
Elements Of Windowing Systems......Page 318
Programming The Application......Page 323
Design Focus Going with the grain......Page 328
Using Toolkits......Page 329
Design Focus Java and AWT......Page 331
User Interface Managements Systems......Page 333
Summary......Page 340
Exercises......Page 341
Recommended Reading......Page 343
Evaluation Techniques......Page 345
Goals Of Evaluation......Page 346
Evaluation Through Expert Analysis......Page 347
Evaluation Through User Participation......Page 354
Choosing An Evaluation Method......Page 384
Summary......Page 389
Exercises......Page 390
Recommmended Reading......Page 391
Universal Design......Page 392
Universal Design Principles......Page 393
Multi-Model Interaction......Page 395
Design Focus: Designing websites for screen readers......Page 401
Design Focus: Choosing the right kind of speech......Page 402
Design Focus: Apple Newton......Page 408
Designing For Diversity......Page 411
Design Focus: Mathematics for the blind......Page 413
Exercises......Page 420
RECOMMENDED READING......Page 421
User Support......Page 422
Introduction......Page 423
Requirements Of User Support......Page 424
Approaches To User Support......Page 426
Adaptive Help Systems......Page 431
Design Focus: It’s good to talk – help from real people......Page 432
Designing User Support Systems......Page 439
Summary......Page 441
Exercises......Page 442
Recommended Reading......Page 443
Models And Theories......Page 444
Cognitive Models......Page 446
Introduction......Page 447
Goal And Task Hierarchies......Page 448
Design Focus GOMS saves money......Page 451
Linguistic Models......Page 457
The Challenge Of Display-Based Systems......Page 461
Physical And Device Models......Page 463
cognitive Architectures......Page 470
Summary......Page 474
Recommended Reading......Page 475
Socio-Organizational Issues And Stakeholder Requirements......Page 477
Organizational Issues......Page 478
Design Focus Implementing workflow in Lotus Notes......Page 484
Capturing Requirements......Page 485
Design Focus Tomorrow’s hospital – using participatory design......Page 495
Summary......Page 499
Exercises......Page 500
Recommended Reading......Page 501
Communication And Collaboration Models......Page 502
Face-To-Face Communication......Page 503
Design Focus: Looking real – Avatar Conference......Page 508
Conversation......Page 510
Text-Based Communication......Page 522
Group Working......Page 531
Summary......Page 534
Exercises......Page 535
Recommended Reading......Page 536
Task Analysis......Page 537
Differences Between Task Analysis And Other Techniques......Page 538
Task Decomposition......Page 539
Knowledge-Based Analysis......Page 546
Entity-Relationship-Based Techniques......Page 552
Sources Of Information And Data Collection......Page 559
Uses Of Task Analysis......Page 565
Summary......Page 568
Exercises......Page 569
Recommended Reading......Page 570
Dialog Notations And Design......Page 571
What is Dialog?......Page 572
Dialog Design Notations......Page 574
Diagrammatic Notations......Page 575
Design Focus Using STNs in prototyping......Page 578
Design Focus Digital watch – documentation and analysis......Page 590
Textual Dialog Notations......Page 592
Dialog Semantics......Page 600
Dialog Analysis And Design......Page 609
Summary......Page 616
Exercises......Page 618
Recommended Reading......Page 619
Models Of The System......Page 621
Standard Formalisms......Page 622
Interaction Models......Page 635
Continuous Behavior......Page 645
Summary......Page 651
Exercises......Page 652
Recommended Reading......Page 654
Modeling Rich Interaction......Page 656
Introduction......Page 657
Status-Event Analysis......Page 658
Rich contexts......Page 666
Low intention and sensors-based interaction......Page 676
Design Focus Designing a car courtesy light......Page 682
Summary......Page 684
Exercises......Page 685
Recommended Reading......Page 686
Outside The Box......Page 688
Groupware......Page 690
Groupware Systems......Page 691
Computer-Mediated Communication......Page 694
Design Focus SMS in action......Page 700
Meeting And Decision Support Systems......Page 706
Shared Applications And Artifacts......Page 712
Frame Works For Groupware......Page 718
Design Focus Tower-Workspace awareness......Page 728
Implementing Synchronous Groupware......Page 729
Summary......Page 740
Exercises......Page 741
Recommended Reading......Page 742
Ubiquitous Computing And Augmented Realities......Page 743
Ubiquitous Computing Applications Reasearch......Page 744
Design Focus Ambient Wood – augmenting the physical......Page 750
Design Focus Classroom 2000/eClass – deploying and evaluating ubicomp......Page 754
Design Focus Shared experience......Page 759
Virtual And Augmented Reality......Page 760
Design Focus Applications of augmented reality......Page 764
Information And Data Visualization......Page 765
Design Focus Getting the size right......Page 767
Summary......Page 772
Recommended Reading......Page 773
Hypertext, Multimedia And The World Wide Web......Page 775
Understanding Hypertext......Page 776
Finding Things......Page 788
Web Technology And Issues......Page 795
Static Web Content......Page 798
Dynamic Web Content......Page 805
Summary......Page 814
Recommended Reading......Page 815
References......Page 818
Index......Page 844