Human Biology, 11th Edition

Contents......Page 6
Readings......Page 8
Preface......Page 9
Guided Tour......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 18
CHAPTER 1 Exploring Life and Science......Page 20
1.1 The Characteristics of Life......Page 21
1.2 Humans Are Related to Other Animals......Page 25
1.3 Science as a Process......Page 26
1.4 Making Sense of a Scientific Study......Page 31
1.5 Science and Social Responsibility......Page 33
CHAPTER 2 Chemistry of Life......Page 38
2.1 From Atoms to Molecules......Page 39
2.2 Water and Living Things......Page 44
2.4 Carbohydrates......Page 48
2.5 Lipids......Page 50
2.6 Proteins......Page 53
2.7 Nucleic Acids......Page 56
CHAPTER 3 Cell Structure and Function......Page 62
3.1 What Is a Cell?......Page 63
3.2 How Cells Are Organized......Page 65
3.3 The Plasma Membrane and How Substances Cross It......Page 67
3.4 The Nucleus and the Production of Proteins......Page 71
3.5 The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement......Page 73
3.6 Mitochondria and Cellular Metabolism......Page 75
CHAPTER 4 Organization and Regulation of Body Systems......Page 84
4.2 Connective Tissue Connects and Supports......Page 85
4.3 Muscular Tissue Moves the Body......Page 88
4.4 Nervous Tissue Communicates......Page 89
4.5 Epithelial Tissue Protects......Page 91
4.6 Cell Junctions......Page 93
4.7 Integumentary System......Page 95
4.8 Organ Systems......Page 99
4.9 Homeostasis......Page 103
CHAPTER 5 Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels......Page 110
5.1 Overview of the Cardiovascular System......Page 111
5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels......Page 112
5.3 The Heart Is a Double Pump......Page 113
5.4 Features of the Cardiovascular System......Page 118
5.5 Two Cardiovascular Pathways......Page 121
5.6 Exchange at the Capillaries......Page 123
5.7 Cardiovascular Disorders......Page 124
CHAPTER 6 Cardiovascular System: Blood......Page 134
6.1 Blood: An Overview......Page 135
6.2 Red Blood Cells and Transport of Oxygen......Page 137
6.3 White Blood Cells and Defense Against Disease......Page 140
6.4 Platelets and Blood Clotting......Page 142
6.5 Blood Typing and Transfusions......Page 145
6.6 Homeostasis......Page 148
CHAPTER 7 Lymphatic System and Immunity......Page 154
7.1 Microbes, Pathogens, and You......Page 155
7.2 The Lymphatic System......Page 158
7.3 Innate Defenses......Page 161
7.4 Acquired Defenses......Page 163
7.5 Acquired Immunity......Page 168
7.6 Hypersensitivity Reactions......Page 171
CHAPTER 8 Digestive System and Nutrition......Page 176
8.1 Overview of Digestion......Page 177
8.2 First Part of the Digestive Tract......Page 179
8.3 The Stomach and Small Intestine......Page 181
8.4 Three Accessory Organs and Regulation of Secretions......Page 185
8.5 The Large Intestine and Defecation......Page 187
8.6 Nutrition and Weight Control......Page 189
CHAPTER 9 Respiratory System......Page 204
9.1 The Respiratory System......Page 205
9.2 The Upper Respiratory Tract......Page 206
9.3 The Lower Respiratory Tract......Page 208
9.4 Mechanism of Breathing......Page 210
9.5 Control of Ventilation......Page 213
9.6 Gas Exchanges in the Body......Page 215
9.7 Respiration and Health......Page 217
CHAPTER 10 Urinary System and Excretion......Page 226
10.1 Urinary System......Page 227
10.2 Kidney Structure......Page 231
10.3 Urine Formation......Page 233
10.4 Regulatory Functions of the Kidneys......Page 237
10.5 Disorders with Kidney Function......Page 241
10.6 Homeostasis......Page 242
CHAPTER 11 Skeletal System......Page 248
11.1 Overview of the Skeletal System......Page 249
11.2 Bone Growth, Remodeling, and Repair......Page 251
11.3 Bones of the Axial Skeleton......Page 256
11.4 Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton......Page 261
11.5 Articulations......Page 264
CHAPTER 12 Muscular System......Page 272
12.1 Overview of Muscular System......Page 273
12.2 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Contraction......Page 277
12.3 Whole Muscle Contraction......Page 281
12.4 Muscular Disorders......Page 285
12.5 Homeostasis......Page 288
CHAPTER 13 Nervous System......Page 294
13.1 Overview of the Nervous System......Page 295
13.2 The Central Nervous System......Page 301
13.3 The Limbic System and Higher Mental Functions......Page 307
13.4 The Peripheral Nervous System......Page 309
13.5 Drug Therapy and Drug Abuse......Page 314
CHAPTER 14 Senses......Page 322
14.1 Sensory Receptors and Sensations......Page 323
14.2 Proprioceptors and Cutaneous Receptors......Page 325
14.3 Senses of Taste and Smell......Page 327
14.4 Sense of Vision......Page 329
14.5 Sense of Hearing......Page 334
14.6 Sense of Equilibrium......Page 339
CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System......Page 346
15.1 Endocrine Glands......Page 347
15.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland......Page 351
15.3 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands......Page 355
15.4 Adrenal Glands......Page 356
15.5 Pancreas......Page 360
15.6 Other Endocrine Glands......Page 363
15.7 Homeostasis......Page 365
CHAPTER 16 Reproductive System......Page 370
16.1 Human Life Cycle......Page 371
16.2 Male Reproductive System......Page 372
16.3 Female Reproductive System......Page 376
16.4 Female Hormone Levels......Page 379
16.5 Control of Reproduction......Page 384
16.6 Sexually Transmitted Diseases......Page 390
Infectious Diseases Supplement......Page 398
S.1 AIDS and Other Pandemics......Page 400
S.2 Emerging Diseases......Page 409
S.3 Antibiotic Resistance......Page 410
CHAPTER 17 Development and Aging......Page 412
17.1 Fertilization......Page 413
17.2 Pre-Embryonic and Embryonic Development......Page 414
17.3 Fetal Development......Page 420
17.4 Pregnancy and Birth......Page 427
17.5 Development After Birth......Page 429
CHAPTER 18 Patterns of Chromosome Inheritance......Page 438
18.1 Chromosomes and the Cell Cycle......Page 439
18.2 Mitosis......Page 441
18.3 Meiosis......Page 446
18.4 Comparison of Meiosis and Mitosis......Page 451
18.5 Chromosome Inheritance......Page 454
CHAPTER 19 Cancer......Page 464
19.1 Cancer Cells......Page 465
19.2 Causes and Prevention of Cancer......Page 470
19.3 Diagnosis of Cancer......Page 473
19.4 Treatment of Cancer......Page 476
CHAPTER 20 Patterns of Genetic Inheritance......Page 484
20.1 Genotype and Phenotype......Page 485
20.2 One- and Two-Trait Inheritance......Page 486
20.3 Beyond Simple Inheritance Patterns......Page 498
20.4 Sex-Linked Inheritance......Page 500
CHAPTER 21 DNA Biology and Technology......Page 508
21.1 DNA and RNA Structure and Function......Page 509
21.2 Gene Expression......Page 512
21.3 Genomics......Page 520
21.4 DNA Technology......Page 523
CHAPTER 22 Human Evolution......Page 534
22.1 Origin of Life......Page 535
22.2 Biological Evolution......Page 537
22.3 Classification of Humans......Page 543
22.4 Evolution of Hominids......Page 545
22.5 Evolution of Humans......Page 549
CHAPTER 23 Global Ecology and Human Interferences......Page 560
23.1 The Nature of Ecosystems......Page 562
23.2 Energy Flow......Page 566
23.3 Global Biogeochemical Cycles......Page 567
CHAPTER 24 Human Population, Planetary Resources, and Conservation......Page 582
24.1 Human Population Growth......Page 583
24.2 Human Use of Resources and Pollution......Page 585
24.3 Biodiversity......Page 594
24.4 Working Toward a Sustainable Society......Page 600
Appendix A: Periodic Table of the Elements......Page 608
Appendix B: Answer Key......Page 609
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Credits......Page 642
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