HowNet and the computation of meaning

Contents......Page 12
Foreword......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Introduction......Page 16
1. Meaning and Its Representation......Page 22
1.1 Concept Relation Net (CRN)......Page 24
1.2 Attribute Relation Net (ARN)......Page 26
2.1 The History of HowNet......Page 30
2.2 The Nature of HowNet......Page 32
2.3 The Architecture of HowNet......Page 35
3.1 What is a Sememe......Page 38
3.3 Inspiration from Chinese......Page 39
4.1 Concept Classification......Page 46
4.2 Arbitrariness and Purpose of Classification......Page 47
4.4 General Guidelines for Concept Classification in HowNet......Page 48
4.5 Root-nodes in HowNet......Page 50
5.2 Semantic Roles in HowNet......Page 52
6.1 Event Taxonomy......Page 76
6.2 Entity Taxonomy......Page 84
6.3 Attribute Taxonomy......Page 93
6.4 Attribute-value Taxonomy......Page 94
6.5 Secondary Features List......Page 96
6.6 Antonymous and Converse Sememes Lists......Page 98
7. Knowledge Dictionary of HowNet......Page 100
7.1 Lexical Entry......Page 101
7.2 Part-of-Speech(POS)......Page 104
7.3 Example......Page 108
7.4 Concept Definition......Page 110
8. Knowiedge Database Mark-up Language and Concept Defining......Page 112
8.1 Extended BNF of KDML......Page 113
8.2 Identifiers of KDML and Referent Signs......Page 114
8.3 Defining Regulations......Page 121
8.4 Principles of Defining Concepts......Page 137
9.1 Explicit Relations......Page 144
9.2 Implicit Relations......Page 172
9.3 Axiomatic Relation of Events and Role Shifting......Page 174
10.1 Dictionary Page......Page 178
10.2 Taxonomy Page......Page 198
11.1 Concept Relevance Calculator (CRC)......Page 202
11.2 Concept Similarity Measure (CSM)......Page 210
11.3 Query Expansion Tool (QET)......Page 222
12.1 Data Construction......Page 228
12.2 Application Program Interface (API) of HowNet......Page 233
13.1 Word Sense Disambiguation(WSD)......Page 256
13.2 Question Analysis in Question Answering......Page 262
13.3 Domain-specific Seed Word List Updating......Page 270
14.1 Words or No Words......Page 274
14.2 Part-of-Speech - Semantics-first......Page 276
14.3 Aspect of Chinese Verbs......Page 280
Bibiiography......Page 290
Appendix......Page 300
Index......Page 316