How Well Do Facts Travel?: The Dissemination of Reliable Knowledge

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Figures......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
Editors’ Preface......Page 17
Part One: Introduction......Page 23
Travelling Fact 2......Page 25
Travelling Fact 3......Page 26
1.1 The Lives of Facts......Page 27
2. “A Fact is a Fact is a Fact”......Page 29
3. Travelling Well......Page 34
3.1 Travelling with Integrity......Page 35
3.2 Travelling Fruitfully......Page 40
4. What Makes Facts Travel Well?......Page 47
4.1 Good Company: Labels, Packaging, Vehicles and Chaperones......Page 48
4.2 Terrain and Boundaries......Page 53
4.3 Character: Attributes, Characteristics and Functions......Page 55
5. Conclusion: How Well Do Facts Travel?......Page 57
Bibliography......Page 58
Part Two: Matters of Fact......Page 63
1. Introduction: Travelling Through Cultures, Travelling Through Time......Page 65
2. Building Structures, Inscriptions and the Shaping of Identity: The Case of St. Cecilia in Trastevere......Page 66
3.1 Artefacts and the Complexity of Travelling Facts......Page 71
3.2 Different Forms in Which Artefacts Carry Facts......Page 72
3.3 Little Clues for a Big Question: Which Facts Are to Be Found in Material Objects?......Page 76
4. History, Archaeology and the Evidence-Facts Question – Archaeologists Versus Historians; Bricks Versus Paper......Page 79
5. The Travelling of Technical Facts: The Case of Christopher Wren and St. Paul’s Cathedral......Page 82
5.1 Plaster, Timber and Iron: Facts and Artefacts in St Paul’s Lofts......Page 83
5.2 Facts from Artefacts and Facts from the Page: Putting Evidence into Context......Page 86
5.3 Reprise......Page 89
6. ‘Everyday Things Can Tell Secrets to Those Who Can Look and Listen’......Page 90
Bibliography......Page 91
1. Introduction......Page 94
2. Architecture as Sculpture: Winckelmann and the European Classicism......Page 95
3. Democracy, Entrepreneurial Pride and the Classical Notion in the New World......Page 101
4. Transformations of the Classical Models in American Architecture and their Public Reception......Page 105
5. Odyssean Travels of Classical Forms and Ideas......Page 120
Bibliography......Page 128
1. Introduction......Page 133
2.1 Too Simple for the Twenty-First Century......Page 135
2.2 The Conveyance Estimation System......Page 137
3.1 Drainage Engineering and Public Works in Nineteenth-Century Ireland......Page 140
3.2 N Makes Discharge Calculation More Reliable......Page 142
4.1 Twentieth-Century Software Embedding......Page 146
4.2 Embodied Skill......Page 150
5. Conclusions......Page 155
Bibliography......Page 156
1. Introduction......Page 158
2. The Western Fuels Association and the ICE Campaign......Page 160
3. The Greening Earth Theory and Video......Page 165
4. Blocking Others’ Facts From Traveling......Page 172
5. Reinforcing Doubt......Page 175
6. Conclusion: People Prefer Good News......Page 177
A Note on Sources......Page 181
Bibliography......Page 182
SIX: Real Problems with Fictional Cases......Page 189
1. What is a Fictional Device?......Page 191
2. Using Narrative as an Organising Structure......Page 192
3. Inhabiting the Perspective of the Subject Matter......Page 193
4. Fictional Devices in Scientific Biography......Page 195
5. Biography and Novelistic Form......Page 197
6. Scientist as Character......Page 198
7. Parables and Illustrations: An Heuristic Role for Fiction......Page 199
8. Prescribing Fiction to Deliver Facts......Page 200
9. Fictions as Vehicles for Travelling Facts......Page 202
10. Subversive Exposition: Using Fiction to Convey Facts......Page 204
11. Conclusion: Making Facts Travel in the Marketplace of Ideas......Page 209
Bibliography......Page 210
Part Three: Integrity and Fruitfulness......Page 215
1. Introduction......Page 217
2. Lorenz and Tinbergen and Ethology’s Identity......Page 218
3. Putting Ethology’s Facts in Motion......Page 220
4. How Ethological Facts Traveled......Page 222
5. The Hawk–Goose Experiments......Page 224
6. Traveling Beyond Ethology’s Borders......Page 230
7. From Animals to Humans......Page 232
8. MACOS......Page 235
9. Meaningful Comparisons......Page 239
10. Conclusion......Page 240
Bibliography......Page 241
1. Introduction......Page 245
2. The Ecology of Crowding: From Rodent Utopia to Urban Hell......Page 248
3. Studies of Human Crowding......Page 257
4. Rescuing Calhoun’s Facts......Page 260
5. Good News for People Who Love Bad News......Page 266
Bibliography......Page 269
1. Introduction......Page 274
2. Toxic Shock Syndrome......Page 278
3. Recognizing and Defining Aids......Page 280
4. Using Cases to Diagnose......Page 285
5. From Patient to Diagnosis: How Cases Turn Particular Facts into Generic Ones......Page 287
Bibliography......Page 291
1. Introduction......Page 295
2. The Precision Farming Project......Page 297
3. What is Travelling?: Facts and Domains......Page 302
4. Prior Knowledge About Precision Farming and TNPFP......Page 304
5. Adoption of Fertigation Technologies......Page 306
6. The Associated Technologies Domain......Page 310
7. The Enabling Institutions Domain......Page 311
8. Facts Travelling Beyond TNPFP......Page 315
9. Concluding Remarks......Page 318
Bibliography......Page 320
1. Introduction......Page 323
2. The Vagaries of Travel: One Hundred Sixty Years of Archaeological Research on “Eminent Mounds”......Page 325
3. Critical Histories of Travel......Page 330
3.1 Reassessing Attributions of Mortuary Function and Interpretations of Funerary Traditions......Page 331
3.2 Reassessing Site-Specific Culture Histories, Regional Interaction Spheres, and Evolutionary Trajectories......Page 333
4. Archaeological Facts and Their Travels: Three Questions......Page 337
Bibliography......Page 341
Part Four: Companionship and Character......Page 345
1. Introduction......Page 347
2. Small and Big Facts About Organisms......Page 349
3. Packaging in Bioinformatics......Page 352
4. Two Types of Labels......Page 354
4.1 Relevance Labels......Page 355
4.2 Reliability Labels......Page 357
5. Good Packaging: De-Contextualisation for Re-Contextualisation......Page 359
6. The Role of Curators......Page 361
7. User Perspectives......Page 363
8. Regulating the Packaging Process......Page 366
9. Conclusions......Page 368
Bibliography......Page 369
online resources......Page 370
1. Introduction......Page 371
2.1 Dissemination in the Public Realm......Page 373
2.2 Scientific Communication......Page 375
3. Images in Scientific Articles......Page 378
3.1 Composite Visual Displays......Page 380
3.2 Embedding Facts in Images......Page 381
3.3 Visual Narratives: “By Looking at the Figures I Should Get the Story”......Page 383
4.1 Zoom in on a Composite Visual Display......Page 385
4.2 A Reader’s Perspective......Page 389
4.3 Observations......Page 391
5. Conclusions......Page 394
Bibliography......Page 395
1. Introduction: Travellers’ Tales......Page 398
2.1 Model-Adopted and Model-Produced Facts......Page 401
2.2 The Three Different Journeys of Facts......Page 402
2.3 Travelling Facts Helping to Network Researchers and Create Communities......Page 403
3. The Goodnight Kiss and its Research Network......Page 404
3.1 Infectious Disease Transmission: Hib and Pnc......Page 405
3.2 The Family Tree of the Goodnight Kiss Model......Page 406
3.3 Journeys Towards Broader Research Networks......Page 407
4.4 The Identities of Facts......Page 410
4.5 The Characteristics of Facts......Page 412
4.6 The Changing Functional Roles Facts Play......Page 415
5. Conclusions: Productive Journeys......Page 420
Acknowledgements......Page 421
Bibliography......Page 422
1. Introduction......Page 425
2. Intellectual Context......Page 427
3. Witnesses and ‘Matters of Fact’......Page 432
4. The Fact Travels......Page 434
5. Undermining the Fact......Page 439
6. The Death of the Fact......Page 442
7. Conclusion: The ‘False Fact’......Page 445
Acknowledgements......Page 446
Bibliography......Page 447
1. Introduction......Page 451
2. The Journey From Hypothesis to Fact......Page 453
3. The Crisis That Demanded the Fact......Page 455
4. The Alpha Hero Arrives......Page 459
5. Fantasy Becomes Fact......Page 462
6. The Alpha Hero versus The Feminist Critics......Page 465
7. The Transformation of the Alpha......Page 466
8. The Prodigal Son Returns......Page 468
9. A Final Word on What Made These Facts Travel......Page 472
Bibliography......Page 473
Index......Page 477