How Wars End: Theory and Practice

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Contributors
Introduction
	Why War?
	The Tragedy of War
	How Some Wars Have Ended
	The book
	References
Section 1: Why War?
1. The Causes Of War—And Their Consequences
	References
2. A Typology of Wars and How They End
	References
3. How You Fight A War Matters To How It Ends: A Real-World Contemporary Case Study—Iraq 2016
	A Case Study in How You Fight Matters for How It Ends: Counter-ISIS Campaign, Iraq 2016
	Conclusion: Make Your Own Endings
	References
Section 2: Case Studies
4. Libya\'s Mercenaries Crisis: \'I Am Here To Protect The King Of Kings\'
	\'Nobody is Fooled\'
	Impacting International Order
	Weakening A Norm
	Mercenaries and Ending Wars
	Notes
	References
5. Indonesia\'s War Against East Timor: How It Ended
	Indonesian Interest in East Timor
	The Invasion of East Timor
	International Support for Indonesia
	International Solidarity for East Timor
	The East Timorese Resistance
	A Continuum of Resistance
	The Fracturing of Elite Indonesian Views Regarding East Timor
	State-Sponsored Terrorism and East Timor\'s Popular Consultation
	How It Ended
	Notes
	References
6. Ending The Sierra Leone War
	Why Did The RUF Fail?
		The RUF was Neither A Popular Nor A Populist Movement
		The RUF had no Effective Ideology to See it Through Difficult Times
		The RUF was Highly Dependent on External Support
		The RUF was Reliant on A Small Number of Experienced and Charismatic Field Commanders
		The RUF was Vulnerable To Internal Pressure
	Attempts at Peace
		Abidjan Peace Accord 1996
		The Lomé Peace Agreement 1999
		The Abuja Ceasefire Agreement 10 November 2000 — \'Abuja 1\'
		Review of the Abuja Ceasefire Agreement 2 May 2001 — \'Abuja 2\'
	Conclusions
	Note
	References
7. Peace Processes In Aceh and Sri Lanka: A Comparative Assessment
	A History of Two Conflicts
	Similarities and Differences Between Aceh and Eelam
	Elements in Favor of Resolution in Aceh
	Elements Militating against Resolution in Eelam
	Conclusions
	The Return To War
	References
8. The Case of Afghanistan: How Wars End
	A Slow Deterioration
	The Selection-Destruction Cycle
	The Collapse of 2021
	Why The Afghan Military Collapsed
	Why The Civil Government Collapsed
	What Could We have Done Differently?
	Conclusion
	Note
	References
9. Some Reflections on The Pursuit of \'Peace\' in Afghanistan: \'Never Send to Know for Whom the Wars End\'
	The Doha Agreement and its Defects
	An \'Unwinnable War\'?
	US Framing
	\'Not Losing\' as A Feasible Objective
	How Negotiations Lit The Fuse For Collapse: Cascades
	Is The War Over For Afghans?
	References
Section 3: Alternatives
10. Reflections on The Australian Experience: How Wars End
	Looking Back
	After The World Wars
	The Post-Cold War Period: Far Away and Closer to Home
	Since 9/11
	Future Overlaps and Conundrums (Blaxland 2019)
	A Way Forward
	Note
	References
11. How Major-Power Wars End
	Great Power Wars and International Order
	The Contest in Europe
	The Contest in Asia
	Conclusion
	References
Section 4: Ways Forward
	Introduction
12. Negotiations To End All Wars
	Case Studies
		Colombia
		South West Africa
		Mindanao
		Afghanistan
		Ukraine
	Analysis
	References
13. Negotiating Peace
	Preparedness to Be at the Table
	Negotiation as Politics
	Political Change and \'Ripeness\'
	Hurting Stalemates
	Third Parties
	Negotiation Teams
	Mediation
	Post-Agreement
	References
14. Endless Wars, Perpetual Peacekeeping?
	Introduction
	The changing character of armed conflict
	Recurrent challenges in today\'s peacekeeping
		\'No (viable) peace to keep\'
		Competing priorities and POC
		The limitations of Consent
		Not in it for the Long Haul
	Reinventing the Flat Tyre?
	A way forward
		Get the HIPPO out of the Mud
		Independent Basis for Mandating
		Turn Missions on Their Heads
		Financing Peace
		Enhancing Strategic Coherence
		Towards Regional Prevention
	Conclusion
	Note
	References
15. Conclusion
	Is War Ever Justifiable?
	Towards An Approximate Theory of How Wars End
		Balance of Military Advantage, Now And In The Future
		Internal Politics and Popular Will
		International Pressure and Support
	Approximate Theory in Practice
		East Timor
		Sierra Leone
		Libya
		Sri Lanka
		Aceh
		Afghanistan
	Conclusion
Index