How to Spend $50 Billion to Make the World a Better Place

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Introduction: What Should We Do First?......Page 13
Introduction......Page 25
The state of global warming science and policy......Page 26
Core analytical issues......Page 28
Previous cost–benefit analyses......Page 31
Adapting the DICE99 model......Page 32
Option 1: Optimal carbon tax......Page 33
Option 2: The Kyoto Protocol......Page 34
Option 3: A value-at-risk approach......Page 35
Conclusion......Page 36
Climate change: OPPONENTS’ VIEWS......Page 38
The challenge of communicable disease......Page 43
Assessing the opportunities......Page 44
Control of malaria......Page 47
Microeconomic impact......Page 48
Economic evaluation......Page 49
Control of HIV/AIDS......Page 51
Macroeconomic impact......Page 52
Economic evaluation......Page 53
Strengthening basic health services......Page 54
Discussion and conclusions......Page 56
Communicable diseases: OPPONENTS’ VIEWS......Page 57
Introduction and overview......Page 63
The benefits of reducing the incidence of civil war......Page 64
Opportunities for conflict prevention......Page 68
Improved governance of income from natural resources......Page 70
Opportunities for shortening conflicts......Page 72
Post-conflict aid......Page 73
Military expenditure......Page 74
Conclusion and comparison......Page 75
The challenge of conflicts: OPPONENTS’ VIEWS......Page 77
The scope of the challenge and a framework......Page 81
Demand......Page 83
What opportunities exist and how can they be assessed?......Page 84
Opportunity 1: Supply side; expanding the quantity of schools......Page 85
Opportunity 2: Improving quality; supply side policy actions......Page 86
Opportunity 3: Demand side; raising the benefits of schooling......Page 90
Opportunity 4: Demand side; direct support that lowers the cost of schooling......Page 91
The fifth element: Systemic reform to create performance management and producer accountability......Page 92
Combining opportunities in an international program; Education for All/Fast Trac Initiative(EFA/FTI)......Page 93
The challenge of lack of education: OPPONENTS’ VIEWS......Page 95
Introduction......Page 101
Research on the causes and consequences of corruption......Page 102
Reform proposals......Page 105
Opportunity 1: Oversight and transparency......Page 106
Opportunity 2: Procurement and civil service reform......Page 108
Opportunity 3: Customs and tax administration......Page 109
Opportunity 4: Business regulation......Page 110
Opportunity 5: International efforts......Page 111
Summary of options for improving governance and reducing corruption......Page 112
The challenge of poor governance and corruption: OPPONENTS’ VIEWS......Page 114
Introduction: the challenge of hunger and malnutrition......Page 119
The nature of the challenge......Page 120
Potential benefits of meeting the challenge......Page 122
Framework for considering opportunities......Page 123
Opportunity 1: Reducing the prevalence of Low Birth Weight......Page 125
Opportunity 2: Improving infant and child nutrition and exclusive breastfeeding promotion......Page 127
Opportunity 3: Reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and iodine, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies......Page 128
Opportunity 4: Investment in technology in developing country agriculture......Page 129
Conclusions......Page 130
Hunger and malnutrition: OPPONENTS’ VIEWS......Page 132
Description of the challenge......Page 137
Assessing the opportunities......Page 140
Opportunity 1: Active selection procedures for migrants......Page 141
Opportunity 2: Guest worker policies......Page 143
Opportunity 3: Migration for development......Page 146
Conclusions......Page 148
Population: Migration: OPPONENTS’ VIEWS......Page 149
Characteristics of the water challenge......Page 153
The case for government involvement in water......Page 154
The costs of managing water badly......Page 155
Water opportunities......Page 157
Opportunity 1: Community-managed low-cost water supply and sanitation......Page 158
Opportunity 2: Small-scale water technology for livelihoods......Page 162
Conclusions......Page 164
The water challenge: OPPONENTS’ VIEWS......Page 165
The challenge......Page 171
The arguments for and against removing subsidies and trade barriers......Page 172
The opportunities......Page 174
Opportunity 1 - Removing all trade barriers and agricultural subsidies......Page 176
Opportunity 2 - Reducing trade barriers and agricultural subsidies in the WTO's Doha round......Page 177
Opportunity 4 - Removing developed country barriers to exports from least-developed countries......Page 178
How can progress best be made by 2010?......Page 179
Summary of gross benefits......Page 180
Economic costs......Page 181
Social and environmental benefits......Page 182
Global benefit-cost ratios......Page 183
Subsidies and trade barriers: OPPONENTS’ VIEWS......Page 184
The goal of the project......Page 189
Ranking the proposals......Page 191
Communicable diseases......Page 192
Global trade reform......Page 193
Sanitation and access to clean water......Page 194
Migration......Page 195
Access to education......Page 196
Conflicts......Page 197
Financial instability......Page 198
Index......Page 199