How New Languages Emerge

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
1.1 Languages and the language capacity......Page 13
1.2 Internal languages......Page 19
1.3 External language......Page 24
1.4 Change......Page 25
1.5 Plans......Page 27
2.1 Introduction......Page 29
2.2 The nineteenth century......Page 31
2.3 Historical relationships......Page 33
2.4 Sound laws......Page 38
2.5 Historical explanations......Page 42
2.6 Drift, typologists, and grammaticalization......Page 49
2.7 Conclusion......Page 50
3.1 Recursive and compositional......Page 52
3.2 Poverty of the stimulus......Page 56
3.3 Deletion......Page 57
3.4 Binding Theory......Page 69
3.5 Intonation......Page 73
3.6 Conclusion......Page 76
4.1 E-language perspectives......Page 78
4.2 An I-language perspective......Page 89
4.3 Syntactic cues......Page 94
4.4 Conclusion......Page 98
5.1 Changes in I-languages......Page 99
5.2 English verbs......Page 102
5.3 Syntactic effects of morphological change......Page 114
5.4 Results......Page 122
6.1 The use of grammars......Page 124
6.2 Split genitives and more syntactic effects of the loss of case......Page 126
6.3 Object–verb to verb–object......Page 135
6.4 Verb-second and variation in grammars......Page 148
6.5 Summary......Page 150
7.1 Creoles......Page 151
7.2 Signed languages......Page 164
7.3 Conclusion......Page 170
8.1 Language change, contingency, and new systems......Page 173
8.2 Reconstruction......Page 179
8.3 Conclusion and manifesto......Page 195
References......Page 198
Index......Page 208