History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present

Front Matter....Pages i-xxiv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The Arabs as Semites Arabia the Cradle of the Semitic Race....Pages 3-13
The Arabian Peninsula....Pages 14-22
Bedouin Life....Pages 23-29
Early International Relations....Pages 30-48
The Sabaean and other States of South Arabia....Pages 49-66
The Nabataean and other Petty Kingdoms of North and Central Arabia....Pages 67-86
Al-Ḥijāz on the Eve of the Rise of Islam....Pages 87-108
Front Matter....Pages 109-109
Muḥammad the Prophet of Allah....Pages 111-122
The Koran the Book of Allah....Pages 123-127
Islam the Religion of Submission to the Will of Allah....Pages 128-138
Period of Conquest, Expansion and Colonization a.d. 632–61....Pages 139-146
The Conquest of Syria....Pages 147-154
Al-‘Irāq and Persia Conquered....Pages 155-159
Egypt, Tripolis and Barqah Acquired....Pages 160-168
The Administration of the New Possessions....Pages 169-177
The Struggle between ‘Ali and Mu Āwiyah for the Caliphate....Pages 178-186
Front Matter....Pages 187-187
The Umayyad Caliphate: Mu‘āwiyah Establishes a Dynasty....Pages 189-198
Hostile Relations with the Byzantines....Pages 199-205
The Zenith of Umayyad Power....Pages 206-223
Political Administration and Social Conditions under the Umayyads....Pages 224-239
Front Matter....Pages 187-187
Intellectual Aspects of Life under the Umayyads....Pages 240-278
Decline and Fall of the Umayyad Dynasty....Pages 279-287
The Establishment of the ‘Abbāsid Dynasty....Pages 288-296
The Golden Prime of the ‘Abbāsids....Pages 297-316
The ‘Abbāsid State....Pages 317-331
‘Abbāsid Society....Pages 332-362
Scientific and Literary Progress....Pages 363-407
Education....Pages 408-415
The Development of Fine Arts....Pages 416-428
Moslem Sects....Pages 429-449
The Caliphate Dismembered: Petty Dynasties in the West....Pages 450-460
Sundry Dynasties in the East....Pages 461-483
The Collapse of the ‘Abbāsid Caliphate....Pages 484-489
Front Matter....Pages 491-491
Conquest of Spain....Pages 493-504
The Umayyad Amirate in Spain....Pages 505-511
Civil Disturbances....Pages 512-519
The Umayyad Caliphate of Cordova....Pages 520-525
Political, Economic and Educational Institutions....Pages 526-536
Petty States: Fall of Granada....Pages 537-556
Intellectual Contributions....Pages 557-590
Front Matter....Pages 491-491
Art and Architecture....Pages 591-601
In Sicily....Pages 602-614
Front Matter....Pages 615-615
A Shī’ite Caliphate In Egypt: The Fāṭimids....Pages 617-624
Life in Fāṭimid Egypt....Pages 625-632
Military Contacts Between East and West: The Crusades....Pages 633-658
Cultural Contacts....Pages 659-670
The Mamlūks, Last Medieval Dynasty of Arab World....Pages 671-682
Intellectual and Artistic Activity....Pages 683-693
The End of Mamlūk Rule....Pages 694-705
Front Matter....Pages 707-707
The Arab Lands As Turkish Provinces....Pages 709-718
Egypt and the Arab Crescent....Pages 719-744
The Changing Scene: Impact of the West....Pages 745-757
Back Matter....Pages 759-822