History of Programming Languages, Volume III

History of Programming Languages Conference: HOPL-III Co-Chairs Introduction......Page 3
Saturday, 9 June 2007......Page 6
Sunday, 10 June 2007......Page 7
Introduction......Page 8
Automation and Customization......Page 9
Background......Page 10
Family Farm......Page 11
Apple Event Manager......Page 12
Apple Events Implementation......Page 13
Application Terminologies......Page 14
Programming Language Features......Page 17
AppleScript Implementation......Page 18
Multiple Scripting Languages......Page 19
Recording Events as Scripts......Page 20
Development Process......Page 21
Documentation......Page 22
User Testing......Page 23
Publishing Workflow......Page 24
Evolution......Page 25
Evaluation......Page 26
References......Page 27
Overview......Page 29
DEL......Page 31
Birth......Page 32
History......Page 33
Lua 2......Page 35
Lua 3......Page 37
Lua 5......Page 38
Types......Page 39
Tables......Page 40
Block comments......Page 41
Lexical scoping......Page 42
Coroutines......Page 43
Extensible semantics......Page 44
C API......Page 45
Userdata......Page 49
Retrospect......Page 50
Acknowledgments......Page 52
References......Page 53
Background......Page 55
Modules......Page 56
The Type CARDINAL......Page 57
Implementations......Page 58
From Modula to Oberon......Page 59
Features Omitted from Oberon......Page 60
New Features Introduced in Oberon......Page 61
Implementations......Page 62
Acknowledgments......Page 63
References......Page 64
Introduction......Page 65
Background: C++ 1979-1991......Page 66
The Birth of C with Classes......Page 67
Feature Overview......Page 68
The C++ World in 1991......Page 69
The ISO C++ Standards Process......Page 70
Chronology......Page 71
The Standard Library: 1991-1998......Page 72
Pre-STL containers......Page 73
The STL emerges......Page 74
STL ideals and concepts......Page 76
Function objects......Page 79
Stepanov’s view......Page 81
The impact of the STL......Page 82
Other Parts of the Standard Library......Page 83
Language Features: 1991-1998......Page 84
Namespaces......Page 85
Declarations in conditions......Page 86
The Export Controversy......Page 87
Exception Safety......Page 88
Resource management......Page 89
Automatic Garbage Collection......Page 90
WhatWasn’t Done......Page 91
Standards Maintenance: 1997-2005......Page 92
The Performance TR......Page 93
The Library TR......Page 95
C++ in Real-World Use......Page 96
Programming Styles......Page 98
Template metaprogramming......Page 99
Libraries, Toolkits, and Frameworks......Page 100
ABIs and Environments......Page 101
Tools and Research......Page 102
Java and Sun......Page 103
Microsoft and .Net......Page 105
C++0x......Page 106
Technical Challenges......Page 107
Suggested Language Extensions......Page 108
Auto......Page 109
Concepts......Page 110
Embarrassments......Page 112
Standard libraries......Page 113
Why Did C++ Succeed?......Page 114
Effects of the Standards Process......Page 115
Influences and impact......Page 116
Impact of C++......Page 117
Beyond C++......Page 118
References......Page 119
Pre-1982......Page 124
December 1982 to mid 1983: The AvionicsMotivation......Page 125
1983: Statecharts Emerging......Page 126
On the Language Itself......Page 127
Comments on the Underlying Philosophy......Page 129
1984–1986: Building a Tool......Page 131
The Woes of Publication......Page 132
1994–1996: The Object-Oriented Version......Page 134
On Semantics......Page 135
Miscellaneous......Page 137
Acknowledgments......Page 138
Figures......Page 139
References......Page 165
Introduction......Page 167
Setting the scene......Page 168
SPOTS, DOTS, LOTS......Page 169
Erlang conceived......Page 170
Frenzied activity......Page 171
Error handling......Page 172
Compilation to Strand......Page 173
Efficiency needed – the JAM......Page 174
How receive changed and why......Page 176
Years pass .........Page 177
Turbo Erlang......Page 178
The collapse of AXE-N......Page 179
BOS – OTP and behaviors......Page 180
Type inference of Erlang programs......Page 181
Erlang is banned......Page 182
Concurrency oriented programming and the future......Page 183
Mistakes made and lessons learnt......Page 184
Finally......Page 186
Change log of erlang.pro......Page 187
Erlang examples......Page 190
References......Page 192
Background......Page 193
Parallel Computer Systems......Page 194
Software Support for Parallel Programming......Page 196
HPF and Its Precursors......Page 197
The HPF Language......Page 202
Experience with the Language......Page 204
Impact on Fortran and its Variants......Page 206
HPCS Languages......Page 207
Parallel Scripting Languages......Page 208
Lessons Learned......Page 209
References......Page 210
Starting Out......Page 215
Portability......Page 216
The Time Line......Page 217
The Programmer’s View of ZPL......Page 219
Antecedents......Page 220
Type Architecture......Page 221
CTA – Candidate Type Architecture......Page 222
Preparatory Experiments......Page 223
Global View versus Shared Memory......Page 224
Early Language Decisions......Page 225
Other Languages......Page 226
Generalizing Regions......Page 227
Region Operators......Page 228
Reduce and Flood......Page 229
Epic Battle: Left-hand Side 
s......Page 231
Working With Users......Page 232
The Idea......Page 233
Specifics of the Model......Page 234
Verifying The Predictions......Page 236
Ironman – The Compiler Writer’sCommunication Interface......Page 237
The Power of Testing......Page 238
Scalar Performance......Page 239
After Classic ZPL......Page 240
Hierarchical Arrays......Page 241
User-defined Scans and Reduces......Page 242
Pipelines and Wavefronts......Page 243
Data Parallelism and Task Parallelism......Page 244
Problem Space Promotion......Page 245
Assessment......Page 246
References......Page 249
Introduction......Page 252
Object-Oriented (and Other) Programming Languages Before Self......Page 253
Smalltalk Language......Page 254
Smalltalk Programming Environment......Page 255
Implementation Technology for Smalltalk and OtherInterpreted Languages......Page 256
Xerox PARC in the 1980s......Page 257
ARK, The Alternate Reality Kit......Page 258
The Basic Ideas......Page 259
More Semantics......Page 262
Self Takes Hold at Stanford and Evolves......Page 264
The First Self Virtual Machine, a.k.a. Self-89......Page 265
The Second-Generation Self Virtual Machine, a.k.a.Self-90......Page 267
Language Elaborations......Page 268
Manifesting Objects on the Screen......Page 270
Reflecting with Mirrors......Page 273
More Implementation Work......Page 274
Cartoon Animation for UI1......Page 275
UI2 and the Morphic Framework......Page 276
From UI2 to Kansas......Page 279
Significant Events While at Sun......Page 282
Programming Language Research......Page 284
Distributed Programming Research......Page 285
Summary: Impact of Self Language......Page 286
Cartoon Animation in the User Interface......Page 287
Language......Page 288
Conclusion......Page 292
Epilogue: Where Are They Now?......Page 293
Self 3.0......Page 294
Self 4.0......Page 295
Self 4.3 (The latest release as of 2006)......Page 296
References......Page 297
Introduction......Page 302
People......Page 303
The DELTA system description language......Page 304
The Joint Language Project......Page 305
Research approach......Page 306
One abstraction mechanism......Page 307
Project organization......Page 308
Project events......Page 310
The Mjølner Project......Page 313
Programming as modeling......Page 314
Object-orientation as physical modeling......Page 315
Relation to other perspectives......Page 316
Concepts and abstraction......Page 317
Additional notes......Page 318
Examples of abstraction mechanisms......Page 319
Expected benefits from the unification......Page 320
Similarities between object and activationrecord......Page 321
The pattern......Page 322
Subpatterns......Page 324
Block structure......Page 325
Virtual procedures......Page 326
Parameterized classes......Page 327
Co- and contravariance......Page 328
Part objects......Page 329
Inheritance from part objects......Page 330
References to part objects......Page 331
Control structures and iterators......Page 332
Dynamic structure......Page 333
The first version......Page 334
Modeling......Page 335
Parameters and return values......Page 336
Value concept......Page 337
Exception handling......Page 338
Modules as objects......Page 339
Multiple inheritance......Page 340
Syntax......Page 341
Language evolution......Page 342
Implementations of BETA......Page 343
The JVM, CLR, and Smalltalk VMcompilers......Page 344
Implementation aspects......Page 345
Research......Page 346
Conclusion......Page 349
References......Page 352
Appendix: Time line......Page 358
Ancient History......Page 359
The People and the Beginning of Emerald......Page 360
The Eden System......Page 361
Terminology......Page 362
The Goals of Emerald......Page 363
How We Worked......Page 365
Immutability......Page 367
Objects Were Encapsulated......Page 368
Object Constructors Replace Classes......Page 369
Emerald’s Goals as They Relate to Types......Page 370
Types Were Sets of Operations......Page 371
Type Checking and Error Messages......Page 372
Types and efficiency......Page 373
Type:Type......Page 374
Conformity, nil, and the Lattice of Data Types......Page 375
Polymorphism......Page 378
The Emerald Process Model......Page 380
Synchronization......Page 382
Compiler-Kernel Integration......Page 383
Location Primitives......Page 384
Implementation......Page 385
Availability......Page 386
Object Layout and Object IDs......Page 387
Choice of Networking Protocols......Page 388
Applications and Influences of Emerald......Page 389
Influences of Emerald......Page 390
Later Developments......Page 392
Mobile Objects......Page 394
Method Lookup and AbCon Vectors......Page 395
Choosing Between Eager and Lazy Evaluation......Page 396
Remote Invocations......Page 397
Process Creation......Page 398
A Local Procedure Call Benchmark......Page 399
Summary......Page 400
References......Page 401
Appendix: Historical Documents......Page 405
Getting to Oz......Page 406
Introduction......Page 410
The call of laziness......Page 411
The birth of Haskell......Page 412
The first meetings......Page 413
Refining the design......Page 414
Was Haskell a joke?......Page 415
Haskell has type classes......Page 417
Haskell is a committee language......Page 418
Haskell and Haskell 98......Page 419
Syntax......Page 420
Functions and function application......Page 421
Declaration style vs. expression style......Page 422
Algebraic types......Page 423
Tuples and irrefutable patterns......Page 424
n+k patterns......Page 425
Type classes......Page 426
Ambiguity and type defaulting......Page 427
Functional dependencies......Page 428
Beyond type classes......Page 429
Summary......Page 430
Streams and continuations......Page 431
Monads......Page 432
Monadic I/O......Page 434
Subsequent developments......Page 435
Modules and packages......Page 436
The Glasgow Haskell Compiler......Page 437
Gofer and Hugs......Page 438
Yale Haskell......Page 439
Time profiling......Page 440
Controlling evaluation order......Page 441
Debugging and tracing......Page 442
Testing tools......Page 443
Combinator libraries......Page 444
Domain-specific embedded languages......Page 445
XML and web-scripting languages......Page 446
Computer music......Page 447
Graphical user interfaces......Page 448
Education......Page 449
A survey of Haskell in higher education......Page 450
Galois Connections......Page 451
Linspire......Page 452
The Haskell community......Page 453
Influence on other languages......Page 454
Acknowledgements......Page 455
References......Page 456
Appendix: Content Guidelines for Authors......Page 465