History of Biblical Interpretation, Vol. 4: From the Enlightenment to the Twentieth Century

History of Biblical Interpretation, Volume 4: From the Enlightenment to the Twentieth Century......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Abbreviations......Page 10
Introduction......Page 12
1.1. The Reformation’s Understanding of the Bible Methodologically Established: Matthias Flacius Illyricus......Page 14
1.2. Defending the Bible as the Word of God: Johann Gerhard......Page 24
2.1. Ordering the Church according to a Biblical Pattern:
Thomas Cartwright......Page 34
2.2. Instituting the “Mortal God”
as the Lord of Refuge: Thomas Hobbes......Page 43
2.3. Creating Ethical Commandments
from the New Testament: John Locke......Page 62
2.4. Discovering Only What Is Reasonable
in the Bible: John Toland......Page 76
3.1. Arguing about Vowel Signs and Accents: Elias Levita,
Louis Cappel, and the Buxtorfs......Page 84
3.2. Recovering the Text of the New Testament:
John Mill, Johann Albrecht Bengel, Jakob Wettstein......Page 88
4.1. Applying Historical-Philological Criticism
to the Bible: Richard Simon......Page 94
4.2. Distinguishing Reason from Revelation: Baruch de Spinoza......Page 100
4.3. Defending Christian Truth with Biblical Prophecy:
Pierre-Daniel Huet (Huetius)......Page 121
5.1. Bringing the Word of God More Amply among Us:
Philipp Jakob Spener......Page 134
5.2. Combining Philological-Historical and Constructive
Interpretation of the Bible: August Hermann Francke......Page 144
5.3. Battling against the “Bible Idol”:
Johann Christian Edelmann......Page 155
5.4. Installing Rational Religion as Judge:
Hermann Samuel Reimarus......Page 166
5.5. Supporting the Spirit against the Letter:
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing......Page 176
5.6. Understanding the Biblical Writings from
Their Period: Johann Salomo Semler......Page 186
5.7. Understanding the Bible as a Human Document:
Johann Gottfried Herder......Page 201
5.8. Improving the New Testament Text and Setting Forth
the Synoptic Question: Johann Jakob Griesbach......Page 213
5.9. Explaining Miracles as Natural Events:
Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob Paulus......Page 215
5.10. Explaining Biblical Myth as a “Childlike” Manner of
Speech: Johann Gottfried Eichhorn and Johann Philipp Gabler......Page 222
6.1. Combining Reason, Aesthetics, Faith, and Historical
Criticism: Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette......Page 242
6.2. Characterizing the Gospels as Myths:
David Friedrich Strauss......Page 256
6.3. Setting Forth a Biblical Theology in the Wake of
Hegel and de Wette: Wilhelm Vatke......Page 273
6.4. An Idealistic Perspective Investigating the New
Testament by Historical Criticism and Understanding
It as a Historical Method: Ferdinand Christian Baur......Page 287
6.5. Liberating the Old Testament from Rationalism:
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg......Page 297
6.6. Directing Historical-Biblical Criticism
to Positive Results: Heinrich Ewald......Page 309
6.7. Detecting the Sources of the Gospels through
Historical-Critical Analysis: Heinrich Julius Holtzmann......Page 314
6.8. Redetermining the Course of the History of Israel:
Julius Wellhausen......Page 322
6.9. Searching for the Original Prophecy: Bernhard Duhm......Page 337
7. The History of Religion School......Page 346
7.1. Ascertaining the History of Israelite Religion and
Sketching an Old Testament History of Literature:
Hermann Gunkel......Page 348
7.2. Placing Primitive Christianity into the
History of Religion: Wilhelm Bousset......Page 369
7.3. Interpreting Jesus’ Proclamation of the Kingdom of God
as the Announcement of the End Time: Johannes Weiss......Page 383
8.1. Letting God Be God in His Revelation in the Cross and
Resurrection of Jesus the Christ: Karl Barth......Page 390
8.2. Interpreting the Message of the
New Testament Existentially: Rudolf Bultmann......Page 405
8.3. Outlook......Page 416
1.2. Johann Gerhard......Page 424
2.1. Thomas Cartwright......Page 425
2.2. Thomas Hobbes......Page 426
2.3. John Locke......Page 428
2.4. John Toland......Page 429
3.1. Elias Levita, Louis Cappel, and the Buxtorfs......Page 430
3.2. John Mill, Johann Albrecht Bengel, Jakob Wettstein......Page 431
4.1. Richard Simon......Page 432
4.2. Baruch de Spinoza......Page 433
4.3. Pierre-Daniel Huet (Huetius)......Page 434
5.1. Philipp Jacob Spener......Page 435
5.3. Johann Christian Edelmann......Page 436
5.4. Hermann Samuel Reimarus......Page 437
5.5. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing......Page 438
5.6. Johann Salomo Semler......Page 439
5.7. Johann Gottfried Herder......Page 440
5.9. Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob Paulus......Page 441
5.10a. Johann Gottfried Eichhorn......Page 442
6. Biblical Studies as a Science in the Nineteenth Century......Page 443
6.1. Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette......Page 444
6.3. Wilhelm Vatke......Page 445
6.4. Ferdinand Christian Baur......Page 446
6.5. Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg......Page 447
6.6. Heinrich Ewald......Page 448
6.7. Heinrich Julius Holtzmann......Page 449
6.8. Julius Wellhausen......Page 450
6.9. Bernhard Duhm......Page 451
7.1. Hermann Gunkel......Page 452
7.2. Wilhelm Bousset......Page 453
8.1. Karl Barth......Page 455
8.2. Rudolf Bultmann......Page 456
8.3. Outlook......Page 458
Index of Names and Places......Page 460
Index of Subjects......Page 473
Index of Biblical References......Page 476