Hip Arthroscopy and Hip Joint Preservation Surgery

Contents
About the Editors
Section Editors
Contributors
Part I: Hip Basic Science
	1 Hip Anatomy
		Introduction
		Bony Anatomy and Alignment
		Capsular and Ligamentous Anatomy
		Muscular Anatomy
		Blood Supply and Innervation
		Summary
		References
	2 Clinical Biomechanics of the Hip Joint
		Introduction
		Hip Kinematics and Muscle Function
		Hip Patho-Morphology and Patho-Mechanics
		Biomechanical Implications of FAI Syndrome
		Biomechanical Implications of Acetabular Hip Dysplasia
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	3 Plain Radiographic Evaluation of the Hip
		Introduction
		Technical Principles of Radiographic Imaging
			Conical Projection
			Film-Tube Distance
			Patient-Film Distance
			Centering and Direction of the X-Ray Beam
			Pelvic Orientation
			Fluoroscopy
		Radiographic Projections of the Hip
			Anteroposterior (AP) Pelvis View
			Low-Centered Pelvis View
			Anteroposterior (AP) Hip View
			Axial Cross-Table View
			Dunn-Rippstein View and Modified Dunn View
			Lauenstein and Frog-Leg Lateral View
			False Profile of Lequesne and de Sèze
			True Lateral Pelvis View
			Functional Views
		Radiographic Parameters
			Acetabular Depth
			Acetabular Coverage
			Acetabular Orientation
			Head-Neck Sphericity
			Joint Congruency
			Additional Findings
			Computer-Assisted Evaluation of Plain Pelvis Radiographs
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	4 Computer Tomography Scan of the Hip and Pelvis
		Introduction
		Scanning Protocol
		Radiation Exposure
		Pathological Entities
			Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)
			Subspine Impingement
			Acetabular Dysplasia
			Pediatric Disorders (DDH, Perthes, SCFE)/Malalignment Syndromes
			Traumatic Hip Instability/Acetabular and Avulsion Fracture
			Total Hip Arthroplasty
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hip
		Introduction
		MRI Basic Science
			Signal and Sequences
			Contrast
			Quantitative MRI
				dGEMRIC
				T2 Mapping
			Image Acquisition
			Imaging Artifact
		Intra-articular Structures
			Labrum
			Articular Cartilage
			Ligamentum Teres
			Synovium
		Joint Capsule
		Extra-articular Structures
			Hip Abductors
			Trochanteric Bursa
				Ischiofemoral Impingement
			Iliopsoas Tendon and Bursa
			Hamstrings
		Bone
			Normal Bone
			Avascular Necrosis
			Subchondral Fractures
		Athletic Pubalgia
		Hip Pathomorphology
			Cam Lesion
			Pincer Lesion
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	6 Ultrasound of the Hip
		Introduction
		Technique
			Hip Joint
			Muscles and Tendons
			Fluid Collections
			Injections
			Dynamic Examination
			Hardware
		Summary
		References
	7 Physical Examination of the Hip and Pelvis
		Introduction
		The Layers Approach to Hip Evaluation
		History
		The Physical Examination of the Hip
		Standing Examination
		Seated Examination
		Supine Examination
		Lateral Examination
		Prone Examination
		Posterior Hip Pain
		Snapping Hip Tests
		Summary of Femoroacetabular Congruence and Hip Instability
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	8 Selective and Image-Guided Injections Around the Hip and Pelvis
		Introduction
		Greater Trochanteric Bursitis/Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
			Greater Trochanteric Bursa Injection Technique
			Gluteus Medius Tendon Injection Technique
			Aftercare
		Gluteal Bursitis
			Gluteal Bursa Injection Technique
			Aftercare
		Iliopsoas Bursitis
			Iliopsoas Bursa Injection
			Aftercare
			Potential Complications
		Adductor Tendonitis
		Adductor Tendon Injection Technique
			Aftercare
		Hamstring Tendon Injuries
			Hamstring Injection Technique
			Aftercare
		Intra-articular Hip Conditions
			Intra-articular Hip Injection Technique
			Aftercare
		Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
			SI Injection Technique
			Aftercare
		Osteitis Pubis
			Pubic Symphysis Injection Technique
			Aftercare
		Piriformis Syndrome
			Piriformis Injection Technique
		Lateral Cutaneous Femoral Nerve Syndrome
			Lateral Cutaneous Femoral Nerve Injection Technique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	9 Hip Osteoarthritis: Definition and Etiology
		Introduction
		The Genetics of Hip Osteoarthritis
		Acetabular Dysplasia
		Biomechanics of Dysplasia
		Natural History of Dysplasia
		Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)
		Biomechanics of FAI
		Natural History of FAI
		Summary and Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	10 Athletic Populations of Interest in Hip Arthroscopy and Hip Preservation Surgery
		Introduction
			General Classifications of Hip Pain in Athletes
			Femoroacetabular Impingement
			The Role of Hip Arthroscopy and Hip Preservation Surgery
		The Contact Athlete
		The Pivoting Athlete
		The Overhead Athlete
		The Endurance Athlete
		The Hypermobile Athlete
		Special Considerations
			In-Season Management
			General Treatment Guidelines
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	11 Rehabilitation of Non-operative Hip Conditions
		Introduction
		Modifiable Versus Non-modifiable Factors as Contributors to Hip Disorders
		Extra-Articular Hip Disorders
			Overuse and Overload Tendon Injuries
			Anterior Hip Overuse Injuries
			Gluteal Tendinopathy
		Internal and External Snapping Hip Syndromes
			Hamstring Injuries
			Acute Hamstring Tears
			Chronic Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy
			Athletic Pubalgia and Osteitis Pubis
			Adductor Muscle Strains
		Intra-Articular Pathologies
			Chondral Injury and Osteoarthritis
			Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) Syndrome and Acetabular Dysplasia
			Labral Tear
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	12 Outcome Assessment of Non-Arthroplasty Hip Disease
		Introduction
		Outcome Assessment: Who, Why, Where, When, and What?
			Who Should Measure Outcomes?
			Why Should We Measure Patient Outcomes?
			Where Should Patient-Reported Outcomes Be Measured?
			When Should Patient-Reported Outcomes Be Measured?
			What Outcomes Should Be Measured?
			Patient-Reported Outcomes for Hip Joint Conditions
		Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS)
		International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT)
		Comparing the HAGOS and iHOT
		Cross Cultural Adaptation and Translation into Different Languages
		Summary
		References
Part II: Operative Basics for Hip Arthroscopy and Open Hip Preservation Surgery
	13 Operative Indications for Hip Arthroscopy and Open Hip Preservation Surgery
		Introduction
		Indications
		Intra-articular (Central Compartment) Pathology
			Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)
			Labral Pathology
			Chondral Lesions
			Ligamentum Teres Injuries
			Septic Arthritis
			Loose Bodies/Synovial Chondromatosis
			Synovial Diseases
			Adhesive Capsulitis
			Capsular Laxity and Instability
			Staged Interventions
			Total Hip Replacement
		Periarticular (Peripheral Compartment) Pathology
			Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
			Snapping Hip Syndromes
			Proximal Hamstring Repair
			Sciatic Nerve Entrapment
			Extra-articular FAI
			Contraindications
				Absolute
				Relative
		Summary
		References
	14 Hip Arthroscopy: Supine Approach to Patient Positioning, Setup, and Traction
		Introduction
		Preoperative Planning/Anesthesia/Setup
		Positioning
		Traction
		Application of Traction
		Tractionless Hip Arthroscopy
		Distraction Options
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	15 Hip Arthroscopy: Supine Approach to Patient Positioning, Setup with Post-less
		Introduction
		Physiologic Changes During Hip Arthroscopy with Perineal Post Compared with Post-Free Surgery
		Intraoperative Advantages of the Post-Free Technique
		Post-free Surgical Technique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	16 Hip Arthroscopy: Lateral Approach to Patient Positioning, Setup, and Traction
		Introduction and Brief History
		Preoperative Planning/Anesthesia/Setup
		Positioning
		Distraction
		OR Setup
			Leg Position
			Instruments
			Pump
			Tower
			Procedure
			Arthroscopic Anatomy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	17 Hip Arthroscopy: Portal Placement
		Introduction
		Anatomy
		Patient Setup
		Portal Overview
		Anterolateral Portal
			Placement
			Utility
			Risks
		Anterior Portal
			Placement
			Utility
			Risks
		Mid-Anterior Portal
		Posterolateral Portal
			Placement
			Utility
			Risks
		Accessory Portals
			Proximal and Distal Anterolateral Portals
			Peritrochanteric Space Portals
				Anterior Portal
				Distal Posterior Portal
		Summary
		References
	18 Hip Arthroscopy: Central Compartment Access
		Introduction
		General Considerations
		Patient Setup
		Portal Placement
			Anterolateral Portal
			Risks
		Anterior Portal
			Risks
		Midanterior Portal (MAP)
			Risks
		Posterolateral Portal
			Risks
		Challenges to Central Compartment Access
		Revision Cases
		Combined Procedures
			Hip Arthroscopy and Periacetabular Osteotomy
			Hip Arthroscopy and Femoral Derotational Osteotomy
		Capsulotomy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	19 Hip Arthroscopy: Peripheral Compartment Access
		Introduction
		Methods
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	20 Hip Arthroscopy: Peritrochanteric Space Access
		Introduction
		Anatomy of the Peritrochanteric Compartment
		Endoscopic Techniques
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	21 Rehabilitation of Post-Operative Hip
		Introduction
		Phase 1: Protection Phase
			Protection of Repaired Tissue
			Reduction of Pain, Inflammation, and Fibrosis
			Restoring Passive and Active Ranges of Motion
			Proper Neuromuscular Control Patterns
		Criteria to Advance to Phase 2
		Phase 2
			Gait Progression
			Aquatic Therapy
		Criteria to Progress to Phase 3
		Phase 3
		Criteria to Advance to Phase 4
		Phase 4
		Summary
		References
	22 Hip Arthroscopy Techniques: Deep Gluteal Space Access
		Introduction
		Anatomy of Deep Gluteal or Subgluteal Space
		Surgical Technique
		Summary
		References
	23 Posterolateral Approach to the Hip
		Introduction
		History
		Indications
		Contraindications
		Key Anatomy
		Surgical Technique
			Positioning
			Superficial Exposure
			Deep Exposure
		Avoiding Complications
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	24 Surgical Approach to Open Hip Surgical Dislocation
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
			Set-Up
			Positioning and Draping
			Bony Landmarks
			Incision
			Superficial Dissection
			Deep Dissection
			Trochanteric Osteotomy
			Capsulotomy
			Dislocation and Femoral Head and Acetabular Exposure
			Capsular Closure
			Trochanter Reattachment
			Pearls
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	25 Smith-Petersen Approach to the Hip
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
		Landmarks and Incision
		Exposure
		Capsulotomy
		Closure
		Potential Complications
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	26 Mini-Open Approach to the Hip
		Introduction
		Patient Positioning and Preparation
		Approach
		Capsulotomy
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	27 Surgical Approach for Periacetabular Osteotomy
		Introduction
		Setup and Positioning
		Skin Incision
		Deep Dissection
		Anatomical Structures at Risk During Exposure
		Avoiding Pitfalls
		Summary
		References
	28 Complications with Hip Arthroscopy and Open Hip Surgery
		Introduction
		Surgical Anatomy
		Complications
			Iatrogenic Chondrolabral Injury
			Iatrogenic Instability
			Neurovascular Injury
			Heterotopic Ossification
			Periacetabular Osteotomy and Concomitant Intra-articular Morphology
			Other Minor Complications
			Other Rare, but Severe, Complications
			Classification Systems in Orthopedic and Hip Preservation Surgery
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
Part III: Pediatric Hip Conditions
	29 Surgical Technique: Pavlik Harness and Closed Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
		Introduction
		Indications
			Newborn to 6 Months of Age
			6-18 Months of Age
			18 Months of Age and Older
		Nonsurgical Techniques
			Pavlik Harness
			Technique
		Closed Reduction and Spica Casting
			Technique
		Discussion
		Summary
		References
	30 Surgical Technique: Anterior Open Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip and Salter Innominate Osteotomy
		Introduction
		Planning and Positioning
		Open Reduction
		Femoral Osteotomy
		Salter Innominate Osteotomy
		Closure
		Postoperative Management
		Complications
		Case Example
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	31 Surgical Technique: Modified Bernese Triple Innominate Osteotomy
		Introduction
		Planning and Positioning
		Medial Exposure and Ischial Cut
		Anterior Exposure and Pubis Cut
		Iliac Cut
		Mobilization of the Fragment and Fixation
		Closure
		Postoperative Management
		Pearls and Pitfalls
		Case Example
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	32 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
		Introduction
			History
			Incidence and Demographics
		Etiology
			Vascular Abnormalities
			Coagulopathies
			Developmental Causes
			Environmental Causes
			Genetic Causes
			Direct Injury
		Pathological Findings
			Pathogenesis
			Histopathology
		Radiographic Findings
			Waldenstrom Classification
			Catterall Classification
			Stulberg Classification
			Herring Classification
			Advanced Imaging
		Clinical Findings
		Natural History
		Prognosis
		Differential Diagnosis
			Other Causes of Avascular Necrosis in Pediatric Patients
			Epiphyseal Dysplasias
			Syndromes
		Treatment
			Containment and Goals of Treatment
			Nonoperative Management: Symptomatic Treatment and Orthotics
			Surgical Management: Femoral Varus Osteotomy
			Surgical Management: Pelvic Osteotomy
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	33 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Treatment of Perthes Disease
		Introduction
		Epidemiology
			Presentation
			Pathoanatomy
			Indications and Decision-Making
		Surgical Technique
			Pearls and Pitfalls
			Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	34 Surgical Technique: Treatment of Residual Perthes-Like Deformities
		Introduction
		Etiology/Risk Factors
		Pathomorphology/Anatomic Considerations
		Clinical Presentation and Physical Examination
		Radiographic and Advanced Imaging Findings
		Surgical Indications and Treatment Options
		Outcomes
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	35 Surgical Technique: Trochanteric Advancement
		Introduction
		Clinical Presentation and Imaging Studies
		Indications for Surgery
		Surgical Technique
		Postoperative Management
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	36 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Acute and Chronic
		Introduction
		Pathophysiology
		Vascular Anatomy
		Osseous and Physeal Anatomy
		Related Conditions
		Clinical Evaluation
		Radiographic Evaluation
		Classification
		Treatment
		Closed Reduction and Spica Casting
		Open Reduction and Physiodesis
		In Situ Fixation
		Contemporary Surgical Treatments
		Complications
		Summary
		References
	37 Surgical Technique: Open Reduction Using the Modified-Dunn Technique
		Introduction
		Technical Evolution
		Surgical Indications
		Patient Evaluation
		Surgical Technique
		Setup and Equipment
		Procedure
		Postoperative Care
		Summary
		References
	38 Surgical Technique: In Situ Pinning of Unstable Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
		Introduction
		Etiology
		Classification
		Clinical Presentation
		Treatment
		Authors Preferred Operative Technique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	39 Surgical Technique: Proximal Femoral Osteotomies in Residual Childhood Disease
		Introduction
		Modified Dunn Procedure for Unstable SCFE
		Patient Selection
		Procedure
		Complications
		Postoperative Care and Rehab
		Outcomes
		Subcapital Femoral Neck Osteotomy for Chronic Healed SCFE
		Patient Selection
		Procedure
		Complications
		Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation
		Outcomes
		Femoral Derotation Osteotomy in Adolescents and Adults
		Patient Selection
		Procedure
		Complications
		Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	40 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Treatment of Chronic Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
		Introduction
		Epidemiology
		Presentation
		Pathoanatomy
		Indications
		Technique
			Setup and Diagnostic Arthroscopy
			Central Compartment
			Peripheral Compartment
		Postoperative Care
		Pearls and Pitfalls
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	41 Neuromuscular Hip Disorders: Focus on Cerebral Palsy
		Introduction
		Epidemiology and Classification
		Pathogenesis
		Clinical Evaluation
		Radiologic Evaluation
		Treatment
			The At-Risk Hip
			Hip Subluxation Without Acetabular Dysplasia
			Hip Subluxation with Acetabular Dysplasia
		Summary
		References
	42 Surgical Technique: Tendon Releases in Neuromuscular Hip Conditions
		Introduction
		Anatomic Considerations
		Surgical Management
		Open Adductor Lengthening and Psoas Release
		Percutaneous Adductor Lengthening
		Postoperative Care
		Complications
		Summary
		References
	43 Surgical Technique: Reconstruction with a Proximal Varus Derotational Osteotomy with Blade Plate Fixation and a Volume-Redu...
		Introduction
		Indications for Surgery
		Equipment
		Technique of Femoral Varus Derotational Osteotomy
			Positioning and Preparation
			Adductor Tenotomy
			Surgical Approach for VDRO
			Osteotomy Technique (90 Blade Plate)
				Determining Rotation and Neck-Shaft Angle
				Achieving Varus: Guidewire Placement
				Chisel Placement and Osteotomy
				Placement of the Blade Plate and Achieving Derotation
			Discussion Points
		Technique of Pelvic Osteotomy
			Indications
			Approach
			Technique
		Summary
		References
	44 Surgical Technique: Resection Arthroplasty
		Introduction
		Technique
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
			Bibliography/Additional References
Part IV: Approach to Hip and Pelvis Disorders
	45 Introduction to Static and Dynamic Overload of Hip Pathology
		Introduction
		Dynamic Factors
			Cam Lesions (Loss of Femoral Head-Neck Junction and Loss of Offset)
			Acetabular Overcoverage
				Focal Rim Impingement
				Mixed Impingement
				Global Acetabular Retroversion
				Global Acetabular Overcoverage
			Femoral Retroversion
		Extra-articular Impingement
			Coxa Vara and Trochanteric-Pelvic Impingement
				Ischiofemoral Impingement
		Static Factors
			Acetabular Dysplasia
			Excessive Femoral Anteversion
			Femoral Valgus
		Combined Patterns
		Compensatory Injury Patterns
		Summary
		References
	46 Skeletally Mature Acetabular Dysplasia: Anatomy, Pathomorphology, Pathomechanics, Clinical Presentation, and Imaging Studies
		Introduction
		Anatomy
		Biomechanics
		Clinical Presentation
			History
			Examination
			Imaging
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	47 Surgical Technique: Hip Arthroscopy for Hip Dysplasia
		Introduction
		Labral Pathology
			Inside-Out Labral Repair Technique
			Native Everted Labrum
			Labral Augmentation or Reconstruction
		Femoroacetabular Impingement and Hip Dysplasia
			Arthroscopic Femoral Osteoplasty Technique
		Acetabular Subchondral Cysts
			Arthroscopic Bone Grafting of Acetabular Subchondral Cysts
		Borderline Dysplasia and Capsular Management
			Capsular Plication
			Capsular Defects and Capsular Reconstruction
		Ligamentum Teres Pathology
			All-Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction
		Concomitant Periacetabular Osteotomy
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	48 Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Shelf Acetabuloplasty
		Introduction
		Indication and Contraindication
		Preoperative Planning
		Instruments (Fig. 2)
		Portal Placement
		Surgical Technique
			Harvesting Bone Graft
			Making the Transverse Slot for Shelf Graft
			Placing the New Shelf
		Pearls and Pitfalls
		Postoperative Rehabilitation
		Complications and Salvage
		Clinical Outcomes
		Cross-References
		References
	49 Surgical Technique: Periacetabular Osteotomy
		Introduction
		Basic Science
		Principles of Pelvic Osteotomy
		Preoperative Assessment and Planning
			History
			Physical Examination
		Medical Imaging/Diagnostic Studies
			Conventional Radiography
				Anteroposterior Pelvis Radiograph
				Cross Table Lateral Radiograph
				False Profile View
				Abduction AP Hip Radiograph
			Computed Tomography (CT)
			Magnetic Resonance Imaging
			Indications for Periacetabular Osteotomy
		Contraindications for Periacetabular Osteotomy
			Competence of the Surgeon
			Surgical Technique for Periacetabular Osteotomy
		Postoperative Rehabilitation
		Results of Periacetabular Osteotomy
			Results and Outcomes for Dysplasia
				Long-Term Results
				Intermediate Results
				Periacetabular Osteotomy for Acetabular Retroversion
		Complications
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	50 Surgical Technique: University of Colorado Periacetabular Osteotomy (CU-PAO)
		Introduction
		CU PAO Technique
			Indications
			Surgical Treatment:
				First Stage: Hip Arthroscopy
				Second Stage: CU PAO
					Anesthesia, Patient Positioning, and Other General Considerations
					Posterior Approach and Bony Cuts
					Anterior Approach and Bony Cuts
		Outcomes Per Our Original Patients´ Series
		Comparison to Other PAO Techniques
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	51 Surgical Technique: Eccentric Rotational Acetabular Osteotomy for Adult Hip Dysplasia
		Introduction
		Basic Science
		The Key Point with the ERAO
		Surgical Instruments and Preoperative Planning
		Prerequisites for Eccentric Rotational Acetabular Osteotomy
		Surgical Technique for Eccentric Rotational Acetabular Osteotomy
		Complications
		Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation
		Indications
			Best Candidates
			Relative Indications
			Contraindications
		Indications for ERAO Concomitant Valgus Femoral Osteotomy
		Results of Long-Term Outcomes of ERAO and RAO
		Failed Periacetabular Osteotomy
		Advantage and Disadvantage of ERAO
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	52 Surgical Technique: Reverse Periacetabular Osteotomy
		Introduction
		Radiographic Evaluation
		Indication for Reverse PAO
		PAO Versus Surgical Hip Dislocation
		Surgical Technique
		Postoperative Regimen
		Results in Literature
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	53 Acetabular Protrusion and Surgical Technique
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
			Surgical Hip Dislocation
			Head Dislocation and Rim Trimming
			Labral Refixation/Reconstruction
			Relative Neck Lengthening and Trochanteric Advancement
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	54 Femoral Deformities: Varus, Valgus, Retroversion, and Anteversion
		Introduction
		The History of Femoral Osteotomy
		Patient History
		Physical Examination
		Imaging
			Plain Radiographs
			MRI Scanning
			CT Scan
		Pathoanatomy of Femoral Deformity
		The Rationale of Femoral Osteotomy
		Varus Intertrochanteric Osteotomy
		Results of Varus Intertrochanteric Osteotomy
		Valgus Intertrochanteric Osteotomy
		Results of Valgus Intertrochanteric Osteotomy
		Femoral Osteotomy for the Correction of Retroversion or Excessive Anteversion
		Results of Derotation Femoral Osteotomy
		Varus Intertrochanteric Osteotomy: Surgical Technique
		Valgus Intertrochanteric Osteotomy: Surgical Technique
		Derotation Femoral Osteotomy: Surgical Technique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	55 Femoroacetabular Impingement: Definition, Pathophysiology, and Etiology
		Introduction
		Definition
		Pathophysiology
			Additional Causative Factors for Impingement
		Etiology
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	56 New Concepts in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
		Introduction
		Clinical Examination
			The ``Impingement Test´´
			Contemporary Clinical Range of Motion Testing
			Pain Location
			Clinical Assessment of Femoral Maltorsion
			Evaluation of Hyperlaxity
			Leg Length Discrepancy
		Radiographic Evaluation
			X-ray Acquisition Technique
			Normal Values
			CT Scan
			MR Analysis
			3D Dynamic Imaging
			Fossa-Foveal Tracking
		Morphology
		Pathomechanism
		Classifications of Joint Degeneration
			Peripheral Chondrolabral Lesions
			Central Lesions of the Fossa-Ligament Complex
		Surgical Treatment
			Arthroscopy Versus Surgical Hip Dislocation
			Rim Trimming Versus Acetabular Reorientation
			Treatment of Femoral Maltorsion
			Labrum Overtreatment
			Associated Tendinitis
		Prognostic Factors
		Summary
		Cross References
		References
	57 Surgical Technique: Open Acetabular Rim Trimming, Labral Refixation, and Open Femoral Osteochondroplasty
		Introduction
		Surgical Approach Selection
		Outcomes from Open Surgical Approach
		Surgical Technique
			Surgical Approach
			Acetabular Rim Trimming and Labral Refixation
			Open Femoral Osteochondroplasty
			Complications and Postoperative Management
		Cross-References
		References
	58 Surgical Technique: Mini-Open Acetabular Rim Trimming, Labral Refixation, and Femoral Osteochondroplasty
		Introduction
		Preoperative Planning
		Surgical Technique
		Acetabular Rim Debridement
		Femoral Neck Osteoplasty
		Labral Reattachment
		Postoperative Management
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	59 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Management of the Acetabulum
		Introduction
		Patient Evaluation and Selection
		Technique
			Intraoperative Setup and Assessment
			Surgical Technique
		Postoperative Management
		Outcomes
		Summary
		References
	60 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Management of the Os Acetabuli
		Introduction
		Background
		Epidemiology
		Imaging
		Treatment of Os Acetabuli
		Results
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	61 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Management of Global Pincer
		Introduction
		Indications
		Arthroscopic Technique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	62 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Labral Management
		Introduction
		Anatomy
		Pathology
		Biomechanical Considerations
		Surgical Considerations
		Labral Debridement Technique
		Labral Repair Technique
		Rehabilitation
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	63 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Femoral Osteochondroplasty
		Introduction
		Anatomy/Pathoanatomy
		Patient Selection
			History and Physical Examination
			Diagnostic Imaging
			Indications/Contraindications
		Conservative Treatment
		Surgical Technique
		Case Reports
		Rehabilitation
		Results
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	64 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Femoral Osteochondroplasty Using T-Capsulotomy
		Introduction
		Surgically Relevant Anatomy and Biomechanics
		Preoperative Workup and Surgical Indications
		T-Capsulotomy Technique and Indications
		Femoral Osteochondroplasty and Dynamic Exam
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	65 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Femoral Osteochondroplasty Using Articular-Sided Release of the Zona Orbicularis and Perip...
		Introduction
		Patient Selection
		Operative Treatment
			Principles
			Arthroscopic Technique of Cam Resection
				Cam Resection: Principles and General Considerations
				Strategies for Access and Operative FAI Treatment
				Portals
				Steps of Cam Resection
					Exposure of the Cam Deformity (PC)
					Identification of Landmarks and Delineation of the Cam (PC)
					Anterolateral Cam Resection (PC)
					Lateral Cam Resection (PC)
					Posterior/Posterolateral Cam Resection (CC)
					Arthroscopic and Fluoroscopic Control of Adequate Cam Resection
		Postoperative Care
		Pitfalls
		Literature Overview
		Cross-References
		References
	66 Surgical Technique: Capsular Repair of Extensile Interportal Capsulotomy
		Introduction
		Interportal Capsular Repair
			Hip Capsule Anatomy
			Technique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	67 Surgical Technique: Capsular Repair of T-Capsulotomy
		Introduction
			Anatomy and Biomechanics of Hip Capsule Management
		Clinical Outcomes
		Surgical Technique
			Portal Placement
			T-Capsulotomy
			Repair of Vertical Limb
			Repair of the Interporal Limb
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	68 Approach to the Failed Hip Surgery
		Introduction
		Diagnostic Evaluation
			History
			Physical Examination
			Imaging
		Causes of Failed Hip Arthroscopy
			Surgical Indications
				Patient-Specific Factors
				Rehabilitation-Related Factors
				Technical Factors
		Management
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	69 Surgical Technique: Post-less, Single-Table Combined Periacetabular Osteotomy and Arthroscopy
		Introduction
		FAI Anatomy in DDH
		Intra-articular Pathology
		Outcomes of Arthroscopy Alone in DDH
		Mid- and Long-Term Outcomes in DDH
		Outcomes of Arthrotomy/Arthroscopy and Concurrent PAO
		Post-less Hip Arthroscopy
		Concomitant Hip Arthroscopy and Periacetabular Osteotomy
		Author´s Preferred Technique
			Arthroscopy: Central
			Arthroscopy: Peripheral
			Periacetabular Osteotomy
			Discussion
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
Part V: Enthesopathy and Neuromuscular Disorders
	70 Core Muscle Injury: Open your Eyes - It´s the Core
		Introduction
		Anatomy of the Core Muscles
			The Pubic Bone
			The Rectus Abdominis
			The Adductors
			The Iliopsoas
			The Rectus Femoris
			The Posterior Core
		The Interconnectivity of the Core
		Diagnosing Core Muscle Injuries
			Physical Exam
			Imaging
			Plain Radiographs
			MRI
		Treating Core Muscle Injuries
			Corticosteroids
			Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	71 How the Hip Fits Within the Core
		Introduction
		Association Between Femoroacetabular Impingement and Core Muscle Injuries
		Anatomic Considerations
		Biomechanical Relationship Between the Hip and Core Muscles
		Kinetic Chain
		``Chicken or the Egg´´?
			Primary Intra-articular Hip Dysfunction
			Primary Core Muscle Dysfunction
			Management of Intra-articular Hip Dysfunction with Concomitant Core Muscle Injury Symptoms
			Diagnostic Traps
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	72 Layered Concept of the Hip and Pelvis
		Introduction
		Layer 1: Osteochondral Layer
			Topographic Bony Anatomy
			Osteology of the Hip Joint
		Layer 2: Inert Layer
			Capsular Structure and Function
			Labral Structure and Function
			Ligamentum Teres Structure and Function
		Layer 3: Contractile Layer
			Iliopsoas Structure and Function
			Iliocapsularis Structure and Function
			Gluteus Minimus and Medius Structure and Function
			Hamstring Structure and Function
		Additional Layer 3 Pathology
		Layer 4: Neurokinetic Layer
		Summary
		References
	73 Osteitis Pubis
		Introduction
		Anatomy
		Patient Presentation
		Physical Exam
		Imaging
			Radiographic Analysis
			Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
			CT
			Bone Scan
		Treatment
			Nonoperative
			Operative
		Complications
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	74 Surgical Technique: Reconstruction of Pubic Symphysis
		Introduction
		Anatomy
		History and Physical Examination
		Imaging
		Treatment
		Surgical Reconstruction
		Endoscopic Reconstruction of Pubic Symphysis
		Clinical Outcome
		Cross-References
		References
	75 Surgical Technique: Osteosynthesis for Pelvic Instability and Osteitis Pubis
		Introduction
			Definitions and Epidemiology
			Anatomy and Biomechanics
			Clinical Evaluation
			Preoperative Imaging
		Conservative Management
		Surgical Fixation for Pelvic Instability
			Surgical Indications
			Surgical Goals
			Anterior Pelvic Fixation: Surgical Technique
			Posterior Pelvic Fixation: Surgical Technique
			Postoperative Care
			Outcomes for Fixation
			Pelvic Fusion: Surgical Technique
			Outcomes for Symphyseal Fusion
			Outcomes for Posterior Fixation/Fusion
		Surgical Management of Osteitis Pubis
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	76 Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Core Muscle Injury Repairs of the Distal Rectus and Prepubic Aponeurotic Complex
		Introduction
		Technique
		Discussion
		Cross-References
		References
	77 Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Excision of Osteitis Pubis
		Introduction
		Surgical Procedure
		Discussion
		Cross-References
		References
	78 Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Proximal Adductor Lengthening
		Introduction
		Clinical Assessment
			MRI Imaging Protocol
		Nonoperative Management
		Surgical Technique
			Patient Positioning
			Portal Placement
			Adductor Lengthening
			Postoperative Management
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	79 Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
		Introduction
			Pathophysiology
			Epidemiology and Risk Factors for PFD
		Anatomy of the Pelvic Floor
		Bones and Ligaments That Form the Pelvic Floor
		Nerves to the Pelvic Floor
		Understanding the Presentation of Hip Preservation Surgery Patients with Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
		History
		Physical Examination
		Observation
		Neurological Exam
		Pelvic Floor Muscle Exam
		Joint Range of Motion/Special Tests
		Treatment of Pelvic Floor Pain
		Medications
		Physical Therapy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	80 Coxa Saltans: Iliopsoas Snapping and Tendonitis
		Introduction
			External Snapping Hip Syndrome (ESHS)
			Internal Snapping Hip Syndrome (ISHS)
		Iliopsoas Tendinitis
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	81 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Lengthening in the Central and Peripheral Compartments
		Introduction
		Iliopsoas Tendinitis
		History and Physical Exam Findings
		Imaging
		Indications for Arthroscopic Release
		Surgical Techniques
			Release from the Central Compartment
			Release from the Peripheral Compartment
		Postoperative Rehabilitation
		Results
		Complications
		Summary
		References
	82 Surgical Technique: Iliopsoas Tendon Release from Lesser Trochanter
		Introduction
			Internal Snapping Hip Syndrome
			Iliopsoas Impingement
			Triple Impingement
				Endoscopic Release of the Iliopsoas Tendon
				Iliopsoas Tendon Release at the Lesser Trochanter
		Cross-References
		References
	83 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Lengthening After THA
		Introduction
		Anatomical Considerations
		Total Hip Arthroplasty and Iliopsoas Impingement
			Static Issues
			Dynamic Issues
		Clinical Assessment
		Arthroscopic Intervention
		Tips and Tricks
		Post-Operative Rehabilitation
		Risks and Complications
		Summary
		References
	84 Subspine Impingement and Surgical Technique
		Introduction
		Systematic Approach to the Evaluation and Surgical Treatment
			Clinical Presentation
			Imaging Modalities
		Treatment: Arthroscopic Approach
			Surgical Technique
		Outcomes Following Arthroscopic AIIS/Subspine Decompression
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	85 Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
		Introduction
		Relevant Anatomy
		Disease Presentation
		Patient History
		Physical Examination
		Diagnostic Imaging
		Nonoperative Treatment
		Surgical Outcomes
		Limitations and Potential Complications of Surgery
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	86 Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Trochanteric Bursectomy
		Introduction
		Patient History and Examination
		Imaging
		Treatment
		Surgical Technique
		Portal Placement
		Diagnostic Arthroscopy and Bursectomy
		Results
		Summary
		References
	87 Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Repair of Partial-Thickness Gluteus Tears
		Introduction
		Physical Examination
		Radiographic Findings
		Treatment and Indications
		Surgical Technique
		Cross-References
		References
	88 Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Repair of Full-Thickness Gluteus Tears
		Introduction
		Indications
		Outcomes
		Surgical Technique
		Diagnostic Endoscopy and Trochanteric Bursectomy
		Gluteus Medius Repair
		Rehabilitation
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	89 Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Iliotibial Band Lengthening
		Introduction
		Technique
		Results
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	90 Surgical Technique: Open Gluteus Medius Repair
		Introduction
		Anatomy
		Clinical Presentation
		Imaging
		Surgical Intervention
		Authors Preferred Surgical Technique
		Rehabilitation
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	91 Surgical Technique: Superior Gluteal Reconstruction
		Introduction
		Surgically Relevant Anatomy and Biomechanics
		Preoperative Workup and Surgical Indications
		Surgical Technique
		Postoperative Rehabilitation
		Outcomes
		Pearls and Pitfalls
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	92 Surgical Technique: Gluteus Maximus Transfer
		Introduction
		Clinical Exam and Imaging
		Surgical Management
		Surgical Technique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	93 Evaluation of Posterior Hip Pain
		Introduction
		History
		Physical Examination
		Imaging
			Radiographies
			Magnetic Resonance
		Injections and Additional Studies
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	94 Surgical Technique: Open Proximal Hamstring Repair
		Introduction
		Indications for Surgery
		Surgical Anatomy
		Surgical Technique
		Postoperative Rehabilitation
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	95 Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Partial Hamstring Repair
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	96 Surgical Technique: Endoscopic Full Thickness Hamstring Repair
		Introduction
		Epidemiology
		Anatomy and Function
		Risk Factors
		Diagnosis
			History
			Physical Exam
			Differential Diagnosis
			Imaging
			Classification
		Treatment
			Nonoperative Treatment
			Open Surgical Repair
			Complications of Open Repair
			Endoscopic Repair
		Author´s Preferred Technique
		Postoperative Care
		Outcomes of Open Repair
		Outcomes of Endoscopic Repair
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	97 Surgical Technique: Allograft Augmentation of Chronic Hamstring Repair
		Introduction
		Patient Evaluation
			Imaging
			Classification
		Relevant Anatomy
			Local Bony Anatomy
			Semimembranosus
			Conjoined Tendon
			Sciatic Nerve
		Operative Indications
		Intraoperative Setup
		Surgical Technique
		Postoperative Management
		Complications
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	98 Ischiofemoral Impingement
		Introduction
		Anatomy
		Presentation
		Patient Evaluation
		Nonsurgical Treatment
		Operative Treatment
		Complications
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	99 Surgical Technique: Anterior Lesser Trochanteroplasty with Psoas Repair
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
			Patient Setup
			Portal Placement
		Lesser Trochanter Resection (Incomplete)
		Iliopsoas Tendon Distal Anchor Placement
		Lesser Trochanter Resection (Complete)
		Iliopsoas Tendon Proximal Anchor Placement
		Rehabilitation
		Cross-References
		References
	100 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Posterior Lesser Trochanterplasty for Ischiofemoral Impingement
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
			Positioning
			Portal Placement
			Identification of Lesser Trochanter
			Iliopsoas Fixation
		Postoperative Protocol
		Outcomes
		Limitations
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	101 Treatment Alternatives for Ischiofemoral Impingement
		Introduction
		Nonsurgical Treatment
			Patient Education as Treatment
			Correction of Leg Length Inequality
			Abductor and Pelvic Muscular Strengthening
			Injections and Medications
		Surgical Treatment
			Endoscopic Lesser Trochanterplasty
			Open Lesser Trochanter Resection
			Ischioplasty
			Distal Transfer of the Lesser Trochanter
			Proximal Femoral Osteotomy
			Total Hip Arthroplasty
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	102 Deep Gluteal Space with Surgical Technique
		Introduction
		Deep Gluteal Space Anatomy and Biomechanics
			Piriformis Muscle and Related Structures
			Obturator Internus Muscle, Pudendal Nerve, and Related Structures
			Hamstring Origin and Related Structures
			Ischiofemoral Space
			Superficial Sensory Innervation: Cluneal Nerves
			Sciatic Nerve Anatomy and Biomechanics
			Hip-Spine-Pelvis Biomechanics
		Deep Gluteal Space Pathologies
			Primary Deep Gluteal Syndrome: Extra-Pelvic
			Primary Deep Gluteal Syndrome: Intrapelvic
				Ischiofemoral Impingement
				Hamstring Origin Tear and Hamstring Syndrome
				Pudendal Nerve Entrapment
		Deep Gluteal Space: Surgical Treatment
			Endoscopic Sciatic Nerve Decompression
			Rehabilitation
			Results
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	103 Nerve Injuries Around the Hip
		Introduction
		Epidemiology of Nerve Injury in Hip Arthroscopy
		Evaluation of a Nerve Injury
			Physical Examination
			Electrodiagnosis
				Nerve Conduction Studies
				Electromyography
				Ordering Electrodiagnostic Studies
				Interpreting the Electrodiagnostic Study
		Clinical Presentations of Nerve Injury Around the Hip
			Iliohypogastric Neuropathy
				Anatomy
				Etiology
				Clinical Presentation
				Diagnosis
			Ilioinguinal Neuropathy
				Anatomy
				Etiology
				Clinical Presentation
				Diagnosis
			Genitofemoral Neuropathy
				Anatomy
				Etiology
				Clinical Presentation
				Diagnosis
			Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy
				Anatomy
				Etiology
				Clinical Presentation
				Diagnosis
			Obturator Neuropathy
				Anatomy
				Etiology
				Clinical Presentation
				Diagnosis
			Femoral Neuropathy
				Anatomy
				Etiology
				Clinical Presentation
				Diagnosis
			Sciatic Neuropathy
				Anatomy
				Etiology
				Clinical Presentation
				Diagnosis
			Superior Gluteal Neuropathy
				Anatomy
				Etiology
				Clinical Presentation
				Diagnosis
			Inferior Gluteal Neuropathy
				Anatomy
				Etiology
				Clinical Presentation
				Diagnosis
			Pudendal Neuropathy
				Anatomy
				Etiology
				Clinical Presentation
				Diagnosis
		Management of a Nerve Injury
			Nerve Healing
			Symptom Relief
			Restoration of Function
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
Part VI: Hip Instability and Fractures
	104 Traumatic Instability: Acute and Delayed Management
		Introduction
			Mechanism of Injury
			Evaluation
				History
				Physical Exam
				Imaging
			Treatment
				Non-operative Management
				Acute Surgical Management
				Delayed Surgical Management
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	105 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Reduction and Internal Fixation of Femoral Head and Acetabulum Fractures
		Introduction
		Femoral Head Fractures
		Preoperative Planning
			Experience
			Game Plan/Contingencies
			FAI Considerations
			Consent
			Equipment
			Setup
			Traction
			Portals
			Fluid Pressure
			Arthroscopic Reduction
			Arthroscopic Internal Fixation
			Dynamic Arthroscopic and Fluoroscopic Testing
		Postoperative Considerations
		Femoral Head Malunions
		Acetabular Fractures
			Rim Fractures
		Anterior Column Fractures
		Summary
		References
	106 Femoral Head Fractures
		Introduction
		The Normal Hip Joint: An Inherently Stable Articulation
		Femoral Head Fractures: Epidemiology and Clinical Evaluation
		Classification
		Management
			Initial Management
			Definitive Management
				Nonoperative Treatment
				Operative Treatment
				Surgical Approach: Arthroscopy
			Surgical Approach: Open Techniques
			Surgical Treatment: Excision Versus ORIF Versus Arthroplasty
		Outcomes of Femoral Head Fractures
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	107 Surgical Technique: Open Hip Dislocation, Open Reduction, and Internal Fixation
		Introduction
		Vascular Anatomy
		Surgical Technique: Digastric (Trochanteric Flip) Osteotomy
		Surgical Technique: Modified Smith-Petersen Exposure with Dislocation
			Case 1
			Case 2
		Arthroscopic Reduction Internal Fixation
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	108 Surgical Technique: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Posterior Wall Acetabular Fractures
		Introduction
		Fracture Morphology
		Indications for Surgical Fixation
		Treatment
		Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Posterior Acetabular Wall Fractures Surgical Technique
			Positioning
			Surgical Approach
			Reduction and Fixation
		Hip Arthroscopy in Posterior Wall Fracture Dislocations
		Rehabilitation
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	109 Atraumatic Instability and Surgical Technique
		Introduction
		Relevant Anatomy
		Relevant Pathophysiology
		Diagnosis
		Surgical Technique
			Indications
			Technique
		Postoperative Rehabilitation
		Clinical Outcomes on Capsular Closure
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	110 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Capsular Plication
		Introduction
		Indications
		Arthroscopic Technique
			Interportal and T-Capsulotomy Technique
		Capsular Plication
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	111 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Capsular Reconstruction
		Introduction
		Anatomy
		Capsular Pathology and Instability
		Clinical Presentation
		Imaging
		Surgical Technique
			Patient Positioning
			Portal Placement
			Iliotibial Band Allograft Preparation
			Arthroscopic Technique - Iliotibial Band Allograft
		Postoperative Rehabilitation
		Discussion
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	112 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Debridement of the Ligamentum Teres
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
			Patient Positioning and Anesthesia
			Diagnostic Arthroscopy
			Femoroacetabular Impingement and Labral Treatment
			Ligamentum Teres Assessment
			Debridement
		Outcomes
		Limitations
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	113 Stress Fractures of the Hip and Pelvis
		Introduction
		Etiology
		Risk Factors
			Gender Differences and the Female Athlete Triad
			Muscle Fatigue
			Anatomy
			Baseline Fitness and Other Extrinsic Factors
			Calcium and Vitamin D
		Diagnosis
		Imaging
			Radiography
			Computed Tomography
			Bone Scintigraphy
			Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
		Stress Fractures of the Hip
			Femoral Neck
		Stress Fractures of the Pelvis
			Sacrum
			Pubic Ramus
		General Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines
		Summary
		References
	114 Femoral Neck Fractures: Non-Displaced, Displaced, Non-Union
		Introduction
		Patient Presentation
		Radiographic Evaluation
		Classification
		Treatment
			Internal Fixation Construct Options
				Closed or Open Reduction and Internal Fixation in Young Patients
					Role of Surgical Timing
			Arthroplasty
		Outcomes
			Outcomes in Young Patients
			Outcomes in Elderly Patients
		Complications
			Medical Complications
			Avascular Necrosis
			Nonunion and Malunion
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	115 Surgical Technique: Surgical Fixation of Nondisplaced Femoral Neck Stress Fracture
		Introduction
		Treatment
		Sliding Hip Screw and Dynamic Helical Hip System Surgical Technique
		Rehabilitation
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	116 Surgical Technique: Open Reduction for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures
		Introduction
		Femoral Neck Fracture in the Physiologically Young Patient
			Fracture Pattern: Classification and Characteristics
		Treatment
			Open vs Closed Reduction and the Role of Capsulotomy
			Timing of Surgery
			Implant Choice and Fixation Strategy
		Sliding Hip Screw and Anti-Rotation Screw Surgical Technique
		Rehabilitation
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	117 Surgical Technique: Valgus Intertrochanteric Osteotomy for Femoral Neck Nonunion
		Introduction
		Preoperative Evaluation
			Imaging
			Physical Examination
		Preoperative Planning Case Example
			Step 1
			Step 2
			Step 3
			Step 4
			Step 5
			Step 6
		Outcomes
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	118 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Removal of Loose or Foreign Body
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
		The Gunshot
		The Posterior Wall or Femoral Head Fragment After a Hip Dislocation
		The Broken Guidewire
		Synovial Chondromatosis
		Summary
		References
Part VII: Avascular Necrosis
	119 Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Overview
		Introduction
			Background
				Etiology
				Presentation
				Imaging
				Staging
		Treatment Options
		Pre-collapse ON
			Nonoperative Modalities
				Statins
				Anticoagulation
				Bisphosphonates
			Operative Modalities
			Core Decompression
				Autologous Bone Marrows Concentrate Injection
			Operative Modalities After Collapse
				Vascularized Fibula Grafts
				Osteotomies
				Rotational Transtrochanteric Osteotomy
				Angular Intertrochanteric Osteotomy
				Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation
				Joint Arthroplasty
				Hemiarthroplasty
				Hip Resurfacing
				Total Hip Arthroplasty
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	120 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Core Decompression
		Introduction
			Etiology
			Pathophysiology
		Clinical Presentation
			History and Physical Examination
			Imaging Studies
		Management Options
		Arthroscopic-Assisted Core Decompression: Surgical Technique
			Patient Positioning and Surgical Setup
			Landmarks
			Portals
			Diagnostic Arthroscopy
			Fluoroscopic Confirmation of the Lesion
			Core Decompression
			Guide Pin Placement
			Introduction of Reamer
			Introduction of 30 Curved Curette
			Insertion of Syringe into Socket
			Closure
			Postoperative Course
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	121 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Core Decompression with Iliac Crest Bone Graft
		Introduction
			Etiology
			Pathophysiology
		Clinical Presentation
			History and Physical Examination
			Imaging Studies
			Management Options
		Arthroscopic Core Decompression with Iliac Crest Bone Graft: Surgical Technique
			Patient Positioning, Surgical Setup, Iliac Crest Cancellous Autograft Harvest
			Landmarks
			Portals
		Diagnostic Arthroscopy
		Fluoroscopic Confirmation of the Lesion
		Core Decompression
		Guide Pin Placement
		Introduction of Reamer
		Introduction of 30 Curved Curette
		Insertion of Syringe into Socket
		Closure
		Postoperative Course
		Summary
		References
	122 Surgical Technique: Free Vascularized Fibular Graft for Avascular Necrosis
		Introduction
		Presentation and Imaging
		Management
		Patient Population
		Surgical Approach and Technique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	123 Surgical Technique: Bone Graft for Avascular Necrosis of the Hip
		Introduction
		Clinical Exam, Imaging, and Staging
		Treatment
		Surgical Technique
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	124 Surgical Technique: Curved Intertrochanteric Varus Osteotomy for Avascular Necrosis
		Introduction
			History of Femoral Varus Osteotomy
			Principles of Curved Intertrochanteric Varus Osteotomy
			Indications for CVO
			Preoperative Planning
		Curved Intertrochanteric Varus Osteotomy: Surgical Technique
			Patient´s Position
			Skin Incision and Exposure of Planned Osteotomy Line
			Setting of Crescentic Osteotomy Guide
			Intertrochanteric Osteotomy
			Rotation of Fragment and Osteotomy Fixation
			Closure
			Postoperative Management
		Results of Curved Intertrochanteric Varus Osteotomy
			Shortening Length of Lower Limb and Progression of Femoral Head Collapse
			Mid- to Long-term Clinical Results
			Pearls and Pitfalls
			Case Example
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	125 Surgical Technique: Trapdoor Procedure for Avascular Necrosis
		Introduction
		Clinical Presentation and Imaging Studies
		Indications for Surgery
		Surgical Technique
		Postoperative Management
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	126 Surgical Technique: Subchondroplasty for Acetabular Cysts
		Introduction
		Pathology
		Technique
			Patient Positioning
			Portal Placement and Intra-Articular Assessment
			Subchondroplasty
			Subchondroplasty Technique Pearls
		Rehabilitation
		Discussion
		Cross-References
		References
Part VIII: Hip Cartilage Restoration
	127 Hip Cartilage Restoration: Overview
		Introduction
		Prevalence and Etiology of Cartilage Lesions in the Hip
		Diagnosis
		Surgical Interventions and Decision-Making Algorithm
		Clinical Outcomes
		Surgical Technique (CPG)
			Arthroscopic Approach
			Open Approach
		Cross-References
		References
	128 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Microfracture of Acetabular Articular Cartilage Lesions
		Introduction
		Further Descriptions of Mechanism of Injury: FAI
		Necessity of Microfracture Technique
		Indications
		Microfracture Concept and Brief Description of Procedure
		Initial Descriptions of Hip Microfracture (Open and Arthroscopic Procedures)
		Results
		Surgical Technique
		Rehabilitation
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	129 Surgical Technique: Microfracture and Fibrin Glue for Cartilage Delamination
		Introduction
		Fibrin
		Surgical Uses
		Uses in Trauma and Orthopaedics
		Use in Hip Arthroscopy
		Technique
		Results in the Literature
		The Future
		Summary
		References
	130 Surgical Technique: Microfracture Adjuvants in Hip Cartilage Restoration
		Introduction
		Microfracture Adjuvants Promoting Chondrogenesis
		Microfracture Adjuvants Transplanting Chondrocytes
		Indications
		Patient Evaluation and Preoperative Planning
		Surgical Technique
			PRP-Infused Micronized Cartilage Allograft Augmentation
			Mononuclear Concentrate in a PRP Matrix
			Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis
			Chitosan-Based Polymer Scaffold (BST-CarGel)
			Autologous Matrix-Enhanced Chondral Transplantation
			Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage
		Postoperative Care
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	131 Surgical Technique: DeNovo
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
		Outcomes
		Cross-References
		References
	132 Surgical Technique: ProChondrix
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
			Patient Positioning and Anesthesia
			Diagnostic Arthroscopy
			Preparation of the Acetabular Defect
			Measurement
			Graft Preparation
			Graft Insertion
			Graft Fixation
			Modifications to Rehabilitation
		Outcomes
		Limitations
		Conclusions
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	133 Stem Cell Therapy for Hip Injuries: Clinical Applications
		Introduction
		Mononuclear Concentrate in a Platelet-Rich Plasma Matrix
			Surgical Technique
			Results
		Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Hip Focal Cartilage Defects
			Surgical Technique
			Results
		Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Hip Osteoarthritis
			Surgical Technique
			Results
		Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded in a Collagen Membrane
		Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Hip Tendinopathy
			Surgical Technique
			Results
		Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Femoral Head Osteonecrosis
			Surgical Technique
			Results
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	134 Surgical Technique: Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate
		Introduction
		Basic Science
		Clinical Applications
		Technical Considerations
		Authors Preferred Surgical Technique
			Preparation of PRP/PPP Mixture
			Bone Marrow Aspiration and Autologous Concentrated Bone Marrow Production
			Autologous Concentrated Bone Marrow Application
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	135 Surgical Technique: Osteochondral Autograft Transfer and Osteochondral Allograft Transplant for Preservation of the Femora...
		Introduction
		Indications
		Patient Evaluation and Preoperative Planning
		Surgical Technique
			OAT and Mosaicplasty
			OCA
		Postoperative Care
		Outcomes
		Summary
		References
	136 Labral Deficiency
		Introduction
		Labral Function
		Etiology
		Hip Stability Labral Deficiency
		Dysplasia
		Cartilage Effects of Labral Deficiency
		Treatment Alternatives
			Nonoperative Management
			Arthroscopic Labrum Augmentation
			Arthroscopic Labrum Reconstruction
		Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	137 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Rectus Autograft
		Introduction
		Indications
		Technique
		Results
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	138 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Segmental Labral Augmentation Using Iliotibial Band Autograft or Allograft
		Introduction
		Anatomy
			Structure of the Labrum
			Function of the Labrum
		Clinical Presentation
		Imaging Evaluation
		Surgical Technique
			Patient Positioning
			Portal Placement
			Diagnostic Arthroscopy
			Graft Harvest and Preparation
			Arthroscopic Technique
		Postoperative Rehabilitation
		Discussion
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	139 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Segmental Labral Reconstruction Using Tibialis Anterior Allograft
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
			Patient Positioning and Anesthesia
			Diagnostic Arthroscopy
			Acetabuloplasty
			Femoroplasty
			Labral Reconstruction
			Suture Management
			Measurement Technique
			Graft Preparation
			Graft Insertion
		Outcomes
		Limitations
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	140 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic 270 Degree Labral Reconstruction Using Iliotibial Band Allograft
		Introduction
		Arthroscopic 270 Degree Labral Reconstruction
		Operative Technique
		Rehabilitation
		Outcomes
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	141 Surgical Technique: Open Hip HS Allograft
		Introduction
		Surgical Technique
		Summary
		References
Part IX: Oncologic Conditions
	142 Osteoid Osteoma and Surgical Technique
		Introduction
		Classic Presentation of Osteoid Osteoma
		Histology
		Multicentricity/Multifocality
		Classification of Osteoid Osteoma
		Intra-Articular Osteoid Osteoma (IAOO)
		Clinical Presentation of OO Around the Hip
		Imaging Osteoid Osteoma
			Radiographs
			Computed Tomography (CT)
			Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
			Radionuclide Studies
			Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
			Ultrasound
		Treatment Options for Osteoid Osteoma
			Nonoperative
			Open Surgical Excision
				Complications of Open Surgical Excision
			Percutaneous Excision
				Complications of Percutaneous Excision
			Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
				Complications of RFA
			Arthroscopic Excision
				Complications of Arthroscopic Excision
		Recurrence of Osteoid Osteoma
		Lesion Accessibility with Hip Arthroscopy Instrumentation
		The Presence of Additional Pathology Which Could Be Addressed with Hip Arthroscopy
		Arthroscopic Excision of Intra-Articular Osteoid Osteoma of the Hip: Surgical Technique
			Positioning and Diagnostic Arthroscopy
			Peripheral Compartment Work and Excision of Osteoid Osteoma
			Postoperative Care
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	143 Surgical Technique: Excision of Heterotopic Ossification
		Introduction
		Etiology of Heterotopic Ossification (HO)
		Risk Factors
		Imaging and Labs
		Classification
		Prophylaxis
		Surgical Technique
		Outcomes
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	144 Synovial Disorders of the Hip
		Introduction
		Synovial Chondromatosis
			Pathophysiology
			Clinical Features and Diagnosis
			Treatment and Outcomes
		Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis)
			Pathophysiology
			Clinical Features and Diagnosis
			Treatment and Outcomes
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	145 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Treatment of Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
		Introduction
		Evaluation and Imaging
		Surgical Considerations
		Surgical Technique for Arthroscopic Synovectomy
		Outcomes of Arthroscopic Synovectomy
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	146 Surgical Technique: Arthroscopic Treatment of Synovial Chondromatosis
		Introduction
		Technical Pearls
		Position and Joint Distraction
		The Hip Joint
			Central Compartment
			Peripheral Compartment
		The Difficult Loose Body Removal
		Conclusion
		Summary
		References
Index