High-temperature superconductors : occurrence, synthesis and applications

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Rebco Bulk Superconductors Doped  with Sm or Al
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Methods
		2.1. Preparation of Undoped YBCO Bulk Superconductors
		2.2. Preparation of YBCO Bulk Superconductors Doped with Sm
		2.3. Preparation of YBCO Bulk Superconductors Doped with Al
		2.4. Preparation of GdBCO Bulk Superconductors Doped with Al
		2.5. Structure and Microstructure Characterization
		2.6. Characterization of Superconducting Properties
	3. Results and Discussion
		3.1. Contamination of YBCO Bulk Superconductors
		3.2. YBCO Bulk Superconductors Doped with Sm
		3.3. YBCO Bulk Superconductors Doped with Al
			3.3.1. Superconducting Properties of Al-Doped Y123
			3.3.2. Microstructure Analysis of Al-Doped Y123
			3.3.3. X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Al-Doped Y123
		3.4. GdBCO Bulk Superconductors Doped with Al
			3.4.1. Macro- and Microstructure of Samples
			3.4.2. Trapped Field
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 2
Optimization of Flux Pinning and Growth Temperature for the Top-Seeded Infiltration Growth Processing of a Single Grain Bulk (Gd, Dy)BCO
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Growth of the Bulk REBCO Superconductors
		2.1. Sintering
		2.2. Melt Growth Process
		2.3. Infiltration Growth Process
	3. Optimization of Flux Pinning in TS-IG Processed (Gd, Dy)BCO Bulk Superconductors
	4. Isothermal Investigations of (Gd, Dy)BCO
	Bulk Superconductors Fabricated via Top Seeded Infiltration Growth Process
		4.1. Optimization of Growth Temperature
		4.2. Microstructural Characterization
		4.3. Elemental Properties of the Isothermal (Gd, Dy)BCO Composites
			4.3.1. Line Scan Analysis
			4.3.2. Mapping Analysis
		4.4. Superconducting Properties of Isothermal Samples
	5. Fabrication of the Single Grain  (Gd, Dy)BCO Superconductor
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 3
The Applications of Superconducting Nanowire Network Fabrics
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Experimental Procedure
	3. Characterization Results
		3.1. Microstructure
		3.2. Electric and Magnetic Characterization
	4. Applications of the Nanowire Networks
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 4
The Influence of an Initial Trapped Field  on the Magnetic Shielding Performance  of Bulk High-Temperature  Superconducting Tubes
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Experiment
	Results for Magnetic Shielding
		Results in the Non-Virgin State
	Discussion
		Analytical Estimation of the Limit Values
	Demagnetization of the HTS Cylinder
		Axial Demagnetization then Transverse Shielding
		Transverse Demagnetization then Axial Shielding
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5
Experimental Investigation and Quantitative Analysis of the Normal-State Nernst Coefficient in Doped High-Temperature Superconductors of the YBa2Cu3Oy System
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Samples and Experimental Details
	3. Specific Features of the Nernst Coefficient Behavior  in Doped Y-Based HTSC
	4. Specific Features of the Nernst Effect in Case  of a Narrow Conduction Band and the Model for Analyzing the Q(T) Dependences in Y-Based HTSC
	5. Experimental Results on the Nernst Coefficient  and Their Analysis
		5.1. Single-Doped Systems
		5.2. Double-Substituted Systems
		5.3. Discussion of the Results Obtained from the Nernst Coefficient Analysis
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6
Magnetic Alignment Techniques for HTSC
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Principle of Magnetic Alignment
		Uni-Axial Alignment of the First Easy Axis by SF
		Uni-Axial Alignment of the Hard Axis by RF
		Tri-Axial Alignment by MRF
	Behaviors of Y-Ba-Cu-O Powders under MRF
		Crystal Structures and Twin Microstructures in Y-Ba-Cu-O
		Magnetic Alignment of Twinned and Twin-Free Y-Ba-Cu-O Powders  under MRF
	Magnetic Roles of RE Ions in RE-Ba-Cu-O
		Magnetization Axes Depending on RE
		Tri-Axial Magnetic Anisotropies Depending on RE
	Magnetic Alignment of (Bi,Pb)2223
	Summary
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 7
Magnetization of Polycrystalline  High-Tc Superconductors
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Model
		2.1. Magnetic Flux Profiles and Magnetization
		2.2. jc(B) Dependence
		2.3. Polycrystalline Superconductors
	3. Results and Discussion
		3.1. Magnetization Loops
		3.2. Macroscopic Critical Current
		3.3. Scale of Screening Current
		3.4. Parameters
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 8
Superconducting and Multiband Effects  in FeSe with Ag Addition
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Synthesis and Structure
	3. Magnetotransport Measurements at High  Temperatures and Low Magnetic Fields
		3.1. Hall Effect
		3.2. Magnetoresistance
	Summary and Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 9
Magnetic Characterization of  Bulk C-Added MgB2
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Experimental Procedure
	3. Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 10
Recent Progress in Powder Densification of (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Materials: Experimental Findings, Finite Element Simulations, and Practical Implications
Chapter 11
Fluctuation Induced Excess Conductivity  of Bi2Sr2CaYxCu2Oy Superconductors
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Experimental Details
		3.1. Theoretical Background
	4. Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 12
Superconducting Motors and Generators
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Synchronous Motor
		2.1. Introduction
		2.2. Armature
		2.2. Inductor
	3. Some Realizations of Synchronous Motors
		3.1. Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI)
		3.2. Doosan Heavy Industries
		3.4. Siemens
		3.5. IHI Corporation
		3.6. ULCOMAP European Project
	4. Claw Pole Motor
		4.1. Basic Principle and Description
		4.2. Superconducting Claw Pole Motors
	5. Homopolar Motor
	6. Motors with HTS Bulks as Magnetic Screens
		6.1. Magnetic Flux Modulation Motor
		6.2. Magnetic Flux Barrier Motor
	7. Trapped Flux Motor
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 13
A Review Article:  Compact Magnetic Field Generators Containing HTS Bulk Magnets Cooled  by Refrigerators and Their  Feasible Applications
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Experimental Procedure
		HTS Bulk Magnets
		Cooling Systems
		Magnetizing Procedures
		Estimation of Generating Magnetic Fields
	Results and Discussion
		Bulk Magnets Systems Activated by Pulsed Field Magnetization
		Magnetic Field Distribution of Face-to-Face Bulk Magnet Systems
		Attempt for Uniform Magnetic Space for NMR Application
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 14
Hybrid-Type Superconducting Magnetic Bearings for Rotating Machinery
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Principles and Development Status of Typical SMBs
		2.1. Principles of Typical SMBs
		2.2. Development Status of Typical SMBs
	3. Hybrid-Type SMBs
		3.1. The Combination of SMB and PMB/AMB
		3.2. The Combination of SMB and Hydrodynamic Fluid-Film Bearing
		3.3. The Combination of SMB and Hydrostatic Fluid-Film Bearing
	4. Discussion
		4.1. Issues Need to Be Further Investigated
		4.2. Application Prospects of Typical SMBs and Hybrid-Type SMBs
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 15
Recent Superconducting
Applications in the Medical Field
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Principles of Superconductivity
		2.1. The Meissner Effect
		2.2. Type I and II Superconductors
	3. Medical Applications
		3.1. Applications and Instrumentation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
		3.2. Medical Accelerator’s Role in Cancer Therapy
		3.3. Applications of Magnetic Drug Delivery System Using  High Tc Superconductors
		3.4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 16
A Superconducting Magnetic Bearing Flywheel System Using a Multi-Surface Levitation Concept
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Multi-Surface Levitation Structure
		2.1. Overlapping Condition of the Frozen Images
	3. Derivation of Radıal and Axıal Stiffness Equations
	4. Experimental Verifications
		4.1. Flywheel System Setup
		4.2. Experimental Studies
		4.3. Variations of Radial Force and Stiffness
		4.4. Variations of Axial Force and Stiffness
		4.4. Comparison of Levitation Results
	5. Frequency Analysis
		5.1. Natural Frequencies
		5.2. Rotational Tests
	6. Conceptional Flywheel System Design
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 17
Strong Magnetic Field Generation by Superconducting Bulk Magnets Using Various Types of Refrigerators and Considering an Efficient Magnetization
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Bulk Magnet Systems Using Various Types of Refrigartors
		Comparison of Bulk Magnet Systems
		Cooling and Magnetizing Tests of a Desktop-Type Bulk Magnet System
	Trapped Field Performance of a Hole-Opened  Bulk Superconductor
		Hole-Opened Bulk Superconducotr
		Experimental Method
		Results and Discussion
		Influence of the Size of Holes
		Influence of the Position of Holes
		Influence of the Number of Holes
	Conclusion
	References
About the Editors
Index