High-Pressure Silicates and Oxides: Phase Transition and Thermodynamics

Preface
Contents
1 Introduction
	1.1 Structure of the Earth’s Interior
	1.2 Constituent Minerals of the Earth’s Mantle
	1.3 High-Pressure and High-Temperature Experiments and Thermodynamic Calculations for Investigation of Mineral Phase Transitions
	1.4 High-Pressure and High-Temperature Experiments for Synthesis of New Materials
	1.5 Mineral Names of High-Pressure Silicates and Oxides
	References
2 Crystal Chemistry and Thermodynamics of High-Pressure Phase Transition
	2.1 Crystal Chemistry of High-Pressure Phase Transition
		2.1.1 General Features
		2.1.2 High-Pressure Phase Transitions of AO Compounds
		2.1.3 Pressure-Induced Electronic Spin Transition
	2.2 Thermodynamics of High-Pressure Phase Transition
		2.2.1 Gibbs Free Energy and Phase Transition
		2.2.2 Configurational and Vibrational Entropies
		2.2.3 Thermodynamic Formulation of High-Pressure Phase Transition
		2.2.4 Thermodynamic Formulation of High-Pressure Phase Equilibria in a Binary System
	References
3 High-Pressure and High-Temperature Experiments with Large-Volume Apparatus
	3.1 Large-Volume High-Pressure Apparatus
		3.1.1 Piston-Cylinder Apparatus
		3.1.2 Multianvil Apparatus
	3.2 Materials of Anvils and Pressure Media
	3.3 Pressure Calibration
	3.4 Cell Assembly for High-Pressure and High-Temperature Experiments
	3.5 High-Pressure and High-Temperature Quenching Experiments
	3.6 High-Pressure and High-Temperature In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Experiments
	References
4 Calorimetric Experiments and Thermodynamic Calculation of High-Pressure Phase Relations
	4.1 Enthalpy Measurement
	4.2 Low-Temperature Heat Capacity Measurement and Determination of Entropy
	4.3 High-Temperature Heat Capacity Measurement
	4.4 Lattice Vibrational Model for Heat Capacity Calculation
	4.5 Examples of Thermodynamic Calculations of Phase Equilibrium Boundaries: Quartz-Coesite-Stishovite Transitions in SiO2
	4.6 Thermodynamic Database for Calculation of High-Pressure Phase Equilibria
	4.7 Ab Initio Calculation of Thermodynamic Properties of High-Pressure Phases
	References
5 Olivine–Modified Spinel–Spinel Transitions
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Olivine-Modified Spinel-Spinel Transitions in Mg2SiO4
	5.3 Olivine-Spinel Transition in Fe2SiO4
	5.4 Olivine-Modified Spinel-Spinel Transitions in the Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 System
	5.5 Hydrous Wadsleyite and Hydrous Ringwoodite
	5.6 Spinelloids with Spinel-Related Structures
	References
6 Phase Transitions of Pyroxene and Garnet, and Post-spinel Transition Forming Perovskite
	6.1 Phase Transitions in MgSiO3 and FeSiO3
	6.2 Post-spinel Transition in Mg2SiO4
	6.3 Post-spinel Transition in the Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 System
	6.4 Phase Transitions in the MgSiO3-Al2O3 System
	6.5 Phase Transitions in CaSiO3, CaMgSi2O6, and Other Pyroxene and Garnets
	References
7 Crystal Chemistry, Phase Relations, and Energetics of High-Pressure ABO3 Perovskites
	7.1 Perovskite Structure and Goldschmidt Tolerance Factor
	7.2 Phase Relations of High-Pressure ABO3 Perovskites
	7.3 Enthalpy of Formation of A2+B4+O3 Perovskite
	7.4 Perovskite-to-LiNbO3-Type Phase Transition of ABO3 Compounds
	7.5 Hexagonal Perovskite and Related Structures
	References
8 Post-perovskite Transition in ABX3 and Phase Transitions in AO2
	8.1 Post-perovskite Transition in MgSiO3
	8.2 Post-perovskite Transition in the MgSiO3-FeSiO3 and MgSiO3-Al2O3 Systems
	8.3 Post-perovskite Transition of ABX3 Compounds
		8.3.1 Phase Transitions of ABO3 and ABF3 Perovskites
		8.3.2 Predominant Factors Controlling the Perovskite—Post-perovskite Transition
		8.3.3 Phase Transitions of ATiO3 Titanates
	8.4 Phase Transitions of AO2 Compounds
		8.4.1 Phase Transition Sequences
		8.4.2 Phase Relations in SiO2 and TiO2
	References
9 Post-spinel Transition in AB2O4
	9.1 Post-spinel Structures and Phase Transitions of MgAl2O4 and Related Compounds
	9.2 Phase Transitions in MgCr2O4, FeCr2O4 and MgFe2O4
	9.3 Stability of Calcium Ferrite-Type and Calcium Titanate-Type A2+B3+2O4 Compounds in Terms of Cation Radius
	9.4 Hexagonal Aluminous (NAL) Phase
	9.5 Hollandite-Type Phase
	References
10 Phase Transitions in Mantle Rocks
	10.1 Phase Transitions in Pyrolite
	10.2 Phase Transitions in MORB, Harzburgite and Continental Crust Materials
	10.3 Phase Transitions in the Lowermost Mantle
	References
11 High-Pressure Minerals from the Earth’s Mantle and in Shocked Meteorites
	11.1 High-Pressure Minerals Derived from the Earth’s Mantle
	11.2 High-Pressure Minerals in Shocked Meteorites and Shocked Terrestrial Rocks
	References
Index