Hepatitis B Research Advances

HEPATITIS B RESEARCH ADVANCES......Page 3
HEPATITIS B RESEARCH ADVANCES......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 9
ABSTRACT......Page 17
IMPLICATION OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS B INFECTION......Page 18
PERSONNEL......Page 19
DISCUSSION......Page 20
CONCLUSION......Page 21
REFERENCES......Page 22
ABSTRACT......Page 25
INTRODUCTION......Page 26
Present Treatment Options for Chronic HBV Carriers......Page 28
Lessons Learnt from the Natural Course of HBV Infection: Strategy for Therapeutic Maneuver......Page 29
Engineering Therapeutic Approaches against Chronic HBV Infection......Page 30
Antigen-Specific Therapy (Vaccine Therapy) in Patients with CHB......Page 31
Ethical and Scientific Basis of Combination Therapy against Chronic HBV Infection......Page 32
CONCLUSION......Page 33
REFERENCES......Page 34
INTRODUCTION......Page 37
HISTORY OF HEPATITIS B VACCINE......Page 38
TYPES OF HEPATITIS B VACCINE......Page 39
REPORTED SIDE EFFECTS OF HEPATITIS B VACCINATION......Page 40
PREVENTION OF PERINATAL HBV TRANSMISSION......Page 41
HBV VACCINATION IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS......Page 42
HBV VACCINATION FOR THE TRAVELER......Page 43
HBV VACCINATION FOR HEALTH CARE WORKERS......Page 44
REFERENCES......Page 45
ABSTRACT......Page 51
INTRODUCTION......Page 52
Ethical Considerations......Page 55
RESULTS......Page 56
DISCUSSION......Page 58
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Blood Donors......Page 59
Screening of HBV Infection: Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen......Page 60
Public Health Considerations......Page 63
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS......Page 65
REFERENCES......Page 66
ABSTRACT......Page 75
INTRODUCTION......Page 76
Immunogenicity and Safety of HBV Vaccine......Page 79
Venues Which Could Provide HBV Immunization for IDUs......Page 80
Considerations and Recommendations......Page 81
Hepatitis A Vaccine......Page 82
Combination Hepatitis A–Hepatitis B Vaccine......Page 83
CONCLUSION......Page 85
REFERENCES......Page 86
ABSTRACT......Page 93
INTRODUCTION......Page 95
Animals......Page 96
Therapeutic Protocols......Page 98
Analysis of Intrahepatic Viral DNA......Page 99
Statistical Analysis......Page 100
Decrease in Viremia During Antiviral Drug Administration......Page 101
Impact of DNA-Based Immunotherapy on Intrahepatic Viral Replication......Page 103
Correlation between Virus Clearance and Restoration of Huomoral Immune Responses......Page 104
DISCUSSION......Page 106
REFERENCES......Page 109
ABSTRACT......Page 115
INTRODUCTION......Page 116
MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 119
DISCUSSION......Page 121
REFERENCES......Page 126
ABSTRACT......Page 129
1. Does HBV Induce HCC Directly?......Page 130
1.1. HBx and Hepatocarcinogenesis......Page 131
2.1. C-Myc and HBV-induced Hepatocarcinogenesis......Page 133
2.3. Wnt Signaling Pathway and C-Myc......Page 134
2.5. Myc Inactivation: Induce Differentiation of HCC......Page 135
3. Inflammation and Hepatocarcinogenesis......Page 136
4.1. Collagens and Hepatocarcinogenesis......Page 138
4.5. The Role of ECM in Tumor Invasion and Metastasis......Page 139
5. Stem Cells and Hepatocarcinogenesis: The Trouble Maker?......Page 140
5.1. Oval Cell and HCC......Page 141
5.2. Bone Marrow Cell and HCC......Page 142
REFERENCES......Page 144
ABSTRACT......Page 157
INTRODUCTION......Page 158
NATURAL HISTORY OF HBV INFECTION......Page 159
Immune Tolerance Phase......Page 160
Reactivation Phase......Page 161
HEPATITIS B VIRAL FACTORS AND LONG-TERM OUTCOMES......Page 162
HBV Serotype and Genotype......Page 163
The Impact of HBV Genotype on Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B......Page 165
HBV Genotypes and HBeAg Seroconversion......Page 166
HBV Genotypes and Disease Progression......Page 167
HBV Genotypes and Response to Anti-Viral Therapy......Page 169
Naturally Occurring HBV Mutants and Disease Progression......Page 170
Hepatitis B Viral Load and Disease Progression......Page 172
Hepatitis B Viral Factors and Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Levels......Page 173
Potential Interactions between Hepatitis B Viral Factors......Page 175
SUMMARY AND PROSPECTIVE......Page 176
REFERENCES......Page 177
ABSTRACT......Page 187
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HCC IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B......Page 188
Strategy: Ultrasonography and Alpha-Fetoprotein......Page 189
Survival Benefit......Page 190
Clinical Factors......Page 191
HBV Genotype......Page 192
Viral Load......Page 193
Interferon......Page 194
CONCLUSION......Page 195
REFERENCES......Page 196
INTRODUCTION......Page 201
NATURAL COURSE OF HBV......Page 202
Viral Load......Page 204
Treatment Basics......Page 205
Lamivudine......Page 206
Adefovir......Page 207
Peg interferon -2a......Page 208
Treatment Approaches in HBeAg Negative CHB Patients......Page 209
Treatment Approaches in Decompensated Cirrhosis (HBeAg Positive or HBeAg Negative) Patients......Page 210
REFERENCES......Page 211
ABSTRACT......Page 217
Mechanisms of HBV Recurrent after Liver Transplant......Page 218
3. Drug Resistance and Mutation......Page 220
Hepatitis B Immune Globulin Prevent HBV Recurrence......Page 221
Lamivudine in Prophylaxis for Recurrence......Page 222
Combination Hepatitis B Immune Globulin and Lamivudine......Page 223
Active Immunization......Page 224
CONCLUSION......Page 225
REFERENCES......Page 226
ABSTRACT......Page 231
HBSAG MUTANTS......Page 232
PRECORE/CORE MUTANTS......Page 235
HBV DNA POLYMERASE MUTANTS......Page 237
HBX MUTANTS......Page 238
REFERENCES......Page 240
ABSTRACT......Page 251
General Measures......Page 252
Prostaglandins and Antiprostaglandins......Page 253
Vitamins......Page 254
RATIONAL FOR THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN E IN RADIOINDUCED MUCOSITIS......Page 255
A DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED TRIAL ON THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN E ON RADIOINDUCED MUCOSITIS IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER......Page 256
REFERENCES......Page 263
ABSTRACT......Page 269
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 270
1.1. Occurrence of HBV in the Underdeveloped Countries......Page 271
1.2.2. Virus Structure and Classification......Page 273
1.2.3. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Replication (Life Cycle)......Page 275
1.3. Clinical Outcome of HBV Infection......Page 276
1.3.1. Clinical Phases of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection......Page 277
1.3.2. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)......Page 278
2. IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HBV INFECTION......Page 279
3.1. Toll Like Receptors and HBV Infection......Page 281
3.3. NK T Cells Responses to HBV Infection......Page 283
4.1. Humoral Immune Responses......Page 284
4.1.1. Antibodies to the Hepatitis B "Core" Antigen (HBcAg)......Page 285
4.1.3. Antibodies to the Hepatitis B "e" Antigen (HBeAg)......Page 286
4.1.5. Classes and IgG Subclasses Patterns to HBV......Page 287
5.1. Antigen Presenting Cells (Dendritic cells) Responses to HBV Infection......Page 288
5.3. The Cytotoxic T Cell Response to HBV......Page 289
6. AFFECT OF CYTOKINES ON HBV INFECTION......Page 292
7. IMMUNOGENETIC ASPECTS OF HBV INFECTION......Page 296
7.4. Active Form of Vitamin D Gene......Page 297
8. METHODS OF CONTROLLING HBV INFECTION......Page 298
9. CONCLUSION......Page 299
REFERENCES......Page 300
INDEX......Page 311