Heat transfer fluids and systems for process and energy applications

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Series Page......Page 3
Title Page......Page 6
Copyright Page......Page 7
Preface......Page 8
Contents......Page 10
 1.1 Introduction......Page 14
 1.2 Range of Fluids......Page 15
 1.4 Selection Criteria for Heat Transfer Systems......Page 18
 References......Page 20
 2.2 Nature of Fluid Flow......Page 21
 2.3 Pressure Drop Due to Flow in Pipes......Page 23
 2.4 Aspects of Basic Heat Transfer......Page 29
 2.5 Correlations for Natural Convection......Page 32
 2.6 Correlations for Forced Convection......Page 33
 2.8 Heat Transfer by Vapor Condensation......Page 35
 2.9 Heat Transfer with Boiling......Page 37
 2.11 Heat Exchangers......Page 42
 2.12 Heat Transfer in Vessels and Reactors......Page 51
 Nomenclature......Page 52
 References......Page 55
 3.1 Introduction......Page 58
 3.2 Thermodynamic Properties......Page 59
 3.3 Water Contaminants and Their Measurements......Page 63
 3.4 Cooling Water Systems......Page 66
 3.5 Steam Systems: General......Page 75
 3.6 Steam Systems in Process Plant......Page 83
 3.7 High-Pressure Water Heating......Page 88
 3.8 Steam Turbines......Page 89
 3.9 Water Usage for Nuclear Power......Page 105
 3.10 Heat Transfer Rates......Page 110
 3.11 Hazards of Water and Steam......Page 115
 Nomenclature......Page 117
 References......Page 119
 4.1 Introduction......Page 122
 4.2 Quantity and Properties of Combustion Products......Page 123
 4.3 Heat Conservation in Fired Units: Principles......Page 135
 4.4 Practical Aspects of Heat Recovery......Page 139
 4.5 Quantitative Assessment of Waste Heat Recovery......Page 147
 4.6 Gas Turbines......Page 154
 4.7 Heat Recovery from Gas Turbine Exhausts......Page 162
 4.8 Combined Cycle (Cogeneration) Plants......Page 164
 4.9 Air Cooling......Page 167
 Nomenclature......Page 178
 References......Page 182
 5.1 Introduction......Page 183
 5.2 Overview of Fluid Characteristics......Page 184
 5.3 Flow Sheets of Typical Systems......Page 196
 5.4 Heat Transfer Rates......Page 201
 5.5 Design of Heaters and Vaporizers......Page 214
 5.6 Special Considerations for Vapor-Phase Systems......Page 217
 5.7 Natural Versus Forced Circulation Systems......Page 223
 5.8 Vapor Versus Liquid Systems......Page 224
 5.9 Hazard and Operability Considerations......Page 225
 Nomenclature......Page 232
 References......Page 233
 6.1 Introduction......Page 236
 6.2 Properties of KN03-NaN03-NaN02 Salts......Page 237
 6.3 Properties of Other Salts......Page 239
 6.4 Salt Systems for General Process Applications......Page 242
 6.5 Salt Systems for Solar Energy Recovery......Page 246
 6.6 Heat Transfer Rates......Page 248
 6.7 Process Equipment Selection and Specification......Page 249
 6.8 Safety Considerations......Page 251
 References......Page 252
 7.1 Introduction......Page 254
 7.2 Aspects of Heat Transfer......Page 256
 7.3 Use in Nuclear Power: Fast Breeder Reactors......Page 260
 7.5 Use in Conventional Power Plants......Page 262
 7.6 Process Equipment Selection and Specification......Page 264
 7.7 Health and Safety Aspects......Page 267
 Nomenclature......Page 268
 References......Page 269
Appendix 1: Tables of Saturated Water and Steam Properties and Superheated Steam Properties......Page 270
Appendix 2: Tables of Organic Fluids Usable in Vapor or Liquid Phase and Organic Fluids Usable Only in Liquid Phase......Page 277
Index......Page 292