Heart Disease in Men

HEART DISEASE IN MEN......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
RESEARCH AND REVIEW STUDIES......Page 18
Heart Muscle, Gap Junction, Desmosome and Ion Channel......Page 20
Cardiac Action Potential......Page 21
Arrhythmia Mechanism and Types......Page 22
Long QT syndrome (LQTS)......Page 23
Acquired LQTS......Page 30
Electrocardiographic (ECG) Features in the Three CommonForms of Long QT Syndrome......Page 31
Genotype-Phenotype......Page 32
Diagnosis......Page 33
Clinical Management of LQTS......Page 34
Short QT Syndrome......Page 35
Brugada Syndrome......Page 38
Sick Sinus Syndrome......Page 40
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia(CPVT)......Page 41
Atrial Fibrillation......Page 43
Overlap Syndromes......Page 44
Future Directions......Page 45
Functional Role of Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) inArrhythmogenesis......Page 46
References......Page 47
Abstract......Page 62
Definition and Classification......Page 63
Neurally Mediated Syncope......Page 64
Orthostatic Hypotension......Page 66
Orthostatic Intolerance......Page 68
Cardiac Syncope......Page 69
Exercise Related Syncope......Page 70
Cerebral Autoregulation of Blood Flow......Page 71
Cerebral Circulation in Orthostatic Hypotension and Chronic OrthostaticIntolerance......Page 73
Diagnostic Pathways......Page 74
First Diagnostic Phase......Page 75
Neurally Mediated Syncope......Page 80
Orthostatic Hypotension......Page 82
References......Page 83
Abstract......Page 92
Background......Page 94
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) Protocols......Page 96
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Cameras......Page 97
Washin and Washout Data (WR) Using Multiple Staticand Dynamic Images......Page 98
Visual Interpretation of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI)......Page 99
Coronary Angiography[51,52].......Page 100
Results......Page 102
Discussion......Page 110
Conclusion......Page 113
References......Page 114
Abstract......Page 118
Introduction......Page 119
Cardiovascular Disease and Depression......Page 121
Cardiovascular Disease and Suicide......Page 123
Antidepressants......Page 124
Antypsychotics and Mood Stabilizers......Page 127
Conclusions......Page 129
References......Page 130
Section 1; Magnetic Navigation......Page 142
The System......Page 143
Limitations of Conventional Manual Wire Manipulation......Page 144
Abilities Provided by the MNS......Page 145
Summary of Potential Advantages......Page 147
Publications to Date Fall into a Number of Categories......Page 148
Clinical......Page 156
Technological......Page 157
Section 4; Conclusion......Page 158
References......Page 159
Abstract......Page 162
Introduction......Page 163
1.1. Comparisons with Normative Samples from the General Population......Page 164
1.2. Comparisons with a Somatic Reference Sample......Page 167
1.4. A Summary of Long-term Outcome of Emotional Functioning......Page 168
2. Gender-specific Effects......Page 169
II. Subjective Health Status and Health-Related Quality of Life......Page 170
2. Long-term Outcome of Health-related Quality of Life......Page 173
4. Gender-specific Effects......Page 174
1. Factors Related to Gender-specific Effects......Page 175
1.2. Feelings Regarding the Surgical Scar......Page 176
1.4. Styles of Coping......Page 177
Conclusion......Page 178
References......Page 179
Abstract......Page 184
Introduction......Page 185
Plaque Development......Page 186
Plaque Destabilization and Rupture......Page 188
Biomarkers of Plaque Stability......Page 189
Biomarkers of Plaque Rupture......Page 190
Biomarkers of Cardiomyocyte Necrosis......Page 191
Biomarkers of Cardiac Dysfunction......Page 194
References......Page 195
Abstract......Page 200
Introduction......Page 201
Subjects......Page 202
HSP......Page 203
Separation of Cells......Page 204
Clinical Data......Page 205
IgA Antibodies to Microbial HSP65 and Human HSP60......Page 206
IgG Antibodies to Microbial HSP65 and Human HSP60......Page 207
Lymphoproliferative Responses to Human HSP60 in Smokersand Non-smokers......Page 208
Discussion......Page 209
References......Page 212
Abstract......Page 218
Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization......Page 219
Coronary Stents......Page 220
Drug-Eluting Stents......Page 221
\"Off-Label\" Use of Drug-Eluting Stents......Page 222
Safety of Drug-Eluting Stents: The Concern and the Fiction......Page 223
Drug Eluting Stent Thrombosis: The Facts......Page 224
The Dilemma between Randomized Clinical Trials and the “RealWorld” Registries......Page 225
The Net Clinical Benefit......Page 228
New Strategies in the Development of Drug Eluting Stents......Page 229
Conclusion......Page 231
References......Page 232
Abstract......Page 236
The Definition of Obesity......Page 237
2. Obesity and Its Relationship with Coronary Heart Disease(CHD)......Page 238
Fixed Dosing......Page 239
Dosing to a Concentration or Therapeutic Range......Page 240
The Impact of Obesity on PK......Page 241
Body Size Descriptors......Page 242
Traditional Body Size Descriptors......Page 243
The Limitations of Traditional Body Size Descriptors......Page 244
Development of a New Robust Body Size Descriptor......Page 245
Renal Function and Body Size Descriptors......Page 246
Analysis......Page 247
6. Is There a Scientifically Justified Method to Dose the Obese?......Page 248
1. “Absolute CL Is Greater in Obese Individuals”......Page 249
7. Motivating Example: Enoxaparin......Page 250
Other Drugs Used in Cardiology?......Page 253
References......Page 254
Clinical Classification of Cardiomyopathies......Page 260
Viral Myocarditis......Page 262
Bacterial Myocarditis......Page 263
Parasitic Myocarditis......Page 264
Spirochetal Myocarditis......Page 265
Glycogen-storage Disease......Page 266
Fabry’s Disease......Page 267
Thiamine Deficiency (beriberi heart)......Page 268
Amyloidosis......Page 269
Myotonic Dystrophy......Page 270
Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy......Page 271
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy......Page 272
References......Page 273
1. Introduction......Page 276
1.1. Physiology and Biochemistry of Cardiovascular Diseases......Page 277
2.1. Natriuretic Peptides in Acute Coronary Syndromes......Page 279
2.2. Natriuretic Peptides in Left Ventricular Dysfunction......Page 280
2.4. Natriuretic Peptides as Prognostic Factors in Various Heart Diseases......Page 281
2.5. Natriuretic Peptides as Tools for Therapeutic Decision Making in HeartFailure......Page 282
2.6.1. Specimen Collection......Page 283
2.6.2. Diagnostic Accuracy of Natriuretic Peptide Assays......Page 284
2.6.3. Reference Values of Natriuretic Peptides......Page 285
References......Page 286
1.Introduction......Page 292
OperativeRisk......Page 294
StatisticalAnalysis......Page 295
RelationbetweenSexandOtherFactors......Page 296
DistributionofTimesfromCatheterizationtoSurgery......Page 298
EffectofSexonPostoperativeMortalityRate......Page 300
3.Conclusion......Page 303
References......Page 305
Introduction......Page 310
Erectile Dysfunction as a Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Disease......Page 311
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors......Page 312
Heart Failure......Page 319
Hypertension......Page 321
Pulmonary Hypertension......Page 322
Diabetes......Page 324
Coronary Artery Disease......Page 325
References......Page 327
Abstract......Page 334
2. Burden of Disease......Page 335
A. Improved Diagnostic Modality......Page 336
B. Impact of Cardiac Surgery......Page 337
b. Infective Endocarditis......Page 338
a. Maternal Risk during Pregnancy......Page 339
c. Risk of CHD Recurrence in Offspring......Page 340
d. Cardiac Arrhythmias & Its Management......Page 341
Technical Aspects of Pacemaker and ICD......Page 342
g. Psychological Issues......Page 343
i. Residua & Sequelae Following Intervention......Page 344
5. Special Health Care Needs......Page 345
6. Conclusion......Page 346
References......Page 347
Introduction......Page 350
Differences in Biology......Page 351
Risk Factors for Men......Page 352
Surgical Outcomes for Men......Page 354
References......Page 359
Abstract......Page 364
Exercise Echocardiography......Page 365
How to Perform an Exercise Echo......Page 366
Imaging Interpretation......Page 368
Role of the New Technology......Page 373
Prognostic Value......Page 376
Conclusion......Page 378
References......Page 379
Historic Changes in Cardiovascular Disease in Norway......Page 382
Traditional Risk Factors......Page 384
1. Intervention Studies......Page 385
2. Longterm Follow-Up on Incidence and Mortality......Page 386
2. Oslo II Study......Page 389
References......Page 393
The Definition of Microalbuminuria?......Page 398
Micro-Macroalbuminuria in Diabetic Patients......Page 399
Prognosis for Patients with Albuminuria with or without Diabetes......Page 400
Treat Microalbuminuria!......Page 403
Multifactorial Treatment......Page 404
Finally Some Short Consideration of Treatment......Page 405
References......Page 406
INDEX......Page 408