Health Psychology, Canadian Edition

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Part I An Introduction: Basic Issues and Processes
	Chapter 1 An Overview of Psychology and Health
		What Is Health?
			An Illness/Wellness Continuum
			Illness Today and in the Past
		Viewpoints from History: Physiology, Disease Processes, and the Mind
			Early Cultures
			Ancient Greece and Rome
			The Middle Ages
			The Renaissance and After
		Seeing a Need: Psychology’s Role in Health
			Problems in the Health Care System
			\"The Person” in Health and Illness
				Assess Yourself: What’s Your Lifestyle Like?
			How the Role of Psychology Emerged
			Health Psychology: The Profession
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Behaviourism’s Legacy: Progress in Health Psychology’s Goals
		Current Perspectives on Health and Illness
			The Biopsychosocial Perspective
			Lifespan and Gender Perspectives
		Related Scientific Fields: Foundations and Connections for Health Psychology
			Related Fields
			Health and Psychology Across Cultures
				Highlight: Related Nonpsychology Careers
		Research Methods
			Experiments
			Correlational Studies
			Quasi-Experimental Studies
			Genetics Research
			Which Research Method Is Best?
	Chapter 2 The Body’s Physical Systems
		Module 1: The Nervous System
			How the Nervous System Works
			The Central Nervous System
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Biofeedback Treatment for Paralysis
			The Peripheral Nervous System
		Module 2: The Endocrine System
			The Endocrine and Nervous Systems Working Together
			Adrenal Glands
			Other Glands
				Highlight: Our Physiological Individuality
		Module 3: The Digestive System
			Food’s Journey through Digestive Organs
			Using Nutrients in Metabolism
				Assess Yourself: How Many Calories Do You Burn While Resting?
		Module 4: The Respiratory System
			The Respiratory Tract
			Respiratory Function and Disorders
		Module 5: The Cardiovascular System
			The Heart and Blood Vessels
			Blood Pressure
			Blood Composition
			Cardiovascular Disorders
		Module 6: The Immune System
			Antigens
			The Organs of the Immune System
			Soldiers of the Immune System
			Defending the Body with an Immune Response
				Highlight: When Immune Functions Are Absent
			Less-than-Optimal Defences
Part II Stress, Illness, and Coping
	Chapter 3 Stress—Its Meaning, Impact, and Sources
		Experiencing Stress in Our Lives
			What Is Stress?
			Appraising Events as Stressful
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
			Dimensions of Stress
		Biopsychosocial Aspects of Stress
			Biological Aspects of Stress
			Psychosocial Aspects of Stress
				Highlight: Transgenerational Trauma in First Nations People
		Sources of Stress throughout Life
			Sources within the Person
			Sources in the Family
			Sources in the Community and Society
				Highlight: Can Work Stress “Spill Over” to the Home?
				Highlight: Does Environmental Stress Affect Reactivity to New Stressors?
		Measuring Stress
			Physiological Arousal
			Life Events
			Daily Hassles
			Chronic Stressors in Specific Domains
		Can Stress Be Good for You?
			Assess Yourself: Hassles in Your Life
	Chapter 4 Stress, Biopsychosocial Factors, and Illness
		Psychosocial Modifiers of Stress
			Social Support
				Assess Yourself: How Much Emotional Support Do You Get?
			A Sense of Personal Control
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Social Support, Therapy, and Cognitive Processes
			Personality as Resilience and Vulnerability
			Type A Behaviour and Beyond
		How Stress Affects Health
			Stress, Behaviour, and Illness
			Stress, Physiology, and Illness
			Psychoneuroimmunology
				Highlight: Stress and Wound Healing
		Psychophysiological Disorders
			Digestive System Diseases
			Asthma
			Recurrent Headache
			Other Disorders
		Stress and Cardiovascular Disorders
			Hypertension
			Coronary Heart Disease
				Highlight: Does Acculturation Increase Blood Pressure?
		Stress and Cancer
	Chapter 5 Coping with and Reducing Stress
		Coping with Stress
			What Is Coping?
			Functions and Methods of Coping
				Assess Yourself: Your Focuses in Coping
		Reducing the Potential for Stress
			Highlight: Do Religiousness and Spirituality Reduce Stress and Enhance Health?
			Enhancing Social Support
			Managing Interpersonal Problems
			Improving One’s Personal Control
				Highlight: Coping with Stigma: Transgender Stress and Implications for Health
			Organizing One’s World Better
			Exercising: Links to Stress and Health
			Preparing for Stressful Events
		Reducing Stress Reactions: Stress Management
			Medication
			Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
			Massage, Meditation, and Hypnosis
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Treating Insomnia
				Highlight: Stress Reduction through Education: The DeStress for Success Program
		Using Stress Management to Reduce Coronary Risk
			Modifying Type A Behaviour
			Treating Hypertension
Part III Lifestyles to Enhance Health and Prevent Illness
	Chapter 6 Health-Related Behaviour and Health Promotion
		Health and Behaviour
			Lifestyles, Risk Factors, and Health
				Highlight: Which Health Behaviours Are Beneficial against Breast Cancer?
			Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Preventing Illness
			Problems in Promoting Wellness
		What Determines People’s Health-Related Behaviour?
			General Factors in Health-Related Behaviour
			The Role of Beliefs and Intentions
				Highlight: Is Raising Perceived Threat Enough During an Outbreak?
			The Role of Less Rational Processes
		Developmental, Gender, and Socio-cultural Factors in Health
			Development and Health
			Gender and Health
			Socio-cultural Factors and Health
		Programs for Health Promotion
			Methods for Promoting Health
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Dialogues to Help People Stop Smoking
			Worksite and Community-Based Wellness Programs
			Electronic Interventions for Health Promotion
			Prevention with Specific Targets: Focusing on HIV/AIDS
				Assess Yourself: Your Knowledge about HIV/AIDS
	Chapter 7 Substance Use and Abuse
		Substance Abuse
			Addiction and Dependence
			Processes Leading to Dependence
		Smoking Tobacco
			Who Smokes, and How Much?
			Why People Smoke
				Highlight: Applying the Stages of Change Model to Smoking Susceptibility and Uptake
			Smoking and Health
				Highlight: Does Someone Else’s Smoking Affect Your Health?
		Alcohol Use and Abuse
			Assess Yourself: What’s True about Drinking?
			Who Drinks, and How Much?
				Assess Yourself: Do You Abuse Alcohol?
			Why People Use and Abuse Alcohol
			Drinking and Health
				Highlight: Drinking—Games People Play
		Drug Use and Abuse
			Who Uses Drugs, and Why?
			Drug Use and Health
		Reducing Substance Use and Abuse
			Preventing Substance Use
				Highlight: Insite: Canada’s Supervised Drug Injection Site
			Quitting a Substance without Therapy
			Treatment Methods to Stop Substance Use and Abuse
				Highlight: Where Should Treatment Occur, and What Should Be the Goals and Criteria for Success?
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Behavioural Methods for Treating Substance Abuse
			Dealing with the Relapse Problem
	Chapter 8 Nutrition, Weight Control and Diet, Exercise, and Safety
		Nutrition
			Components of Food
			What People Eat
			Nutrition and Health
		Weight Control and Diet
			Desirable and Undesirable Weights
			Becoming Overweight
				Highlight: Do Intestinal Bacteria Contribute to Obesity?
			Dieting and Treatments to Lose Weight
				Highlight: Which “Carbs” to Avoid
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Problem?Solving Training to Control Weight
			Eating Disorders
		Exercise
			The Health Effects of Physical Activity
				Highlight: Types and Amounts of Healthful Exercise
			Who Gets Enough Exercise, Who Does Not—and Why?
			Reasons for Not Exercising
				Assess Yourself: Do You Get Enough Exercise?
			Promoting Exercise Behaviour
		Safety
			Accidents
			Environmental Hazards
Part IV Becoming Ill and Getting Medical Treatment
	Chapter 9 Using Health Services
		Types of Health Services
			Specialized Functions of Practitioners
			Office-Based and In-Patient Treatment
			The Canadian Health Care System
			Health Care Systems In Other Countries
		Perceiving and Interpreting Symptoms
			Perceiving Symptoms
				Highlight: Understanding the Placebo Effect
				Highlight: Symptoms by Suggestion?
			Interpreting and Responding to Symptoms
		Using and Misusing Health Services
			Who Uses Health Services?
			Why People Use, Don’t Use, and Delay Using Health Services
			Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine
			Problematic Health Service Usage
		The Patient–Practitioner Relationship
			Patient Preferences for Participation in Medical Care
			The Practitioner’s Behaviour and Style
				Highlight: Fighting for Your Life
			The Patient’s Behaviour and Style
				Assess Yourself: Do You Know the Meanings of Medical Terms?
		Compliance: Adhering to Medical Advice
			Extent of the Nonadherence Problem
			Why Patients Do and Do Not Adhere to Medical Advice
			Patient–Practitioner Interactions
			Increasing Patient Adherence
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Simple Methods to Promote Adherence
		Focusing on Prevention
	Chapter 10 In the Hospital: The Setting, Procedures, and Effects on Patients
		The Hospital—Its History, Setting, and Procedures
			How the Hospital Evolved
			The Organization and Functioning of Hospitals
			Roles, Goals, and Communication
				Assess Yourself: Who’s Who in Physician Care
			The Impact of the “Bottom Line”
		Being Hospitalized
			Relations with the Hospital Staff
			Sick-Role Behaviour in the Hospital
		Emotional Adjustment in the Hospital
			Coping Processes in Hospital Patients
			Preparing Patients for Stressful Medical Procedures
				Highlight: Lamaze Training as a Method of Psychological Preparation for a Medical Procedure
			When the Hospitalized Patient Is a Child
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Preparing Children for Impending Hospitalization
		How Health Psychologists Assist Hospitalized Patients
			Initial Steps in Helping
			Tests for Psychological Assessment of Medical Patients
			Promoting Patients’ Health and Adjustment
		When the Illness Is Terminal
			The Patient’s Age
			Psychosocial Adjustment to Terminal Illness
			Medical and Psychological Care of Dying Patients
				Assess Yourself: Your Living Will Choices
				Highlight: Finding Dignity in Death: The Right to Die in Canada
			A Place to Die—Hospital, Home, or Hospice?
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Saying Goodbye
Part V Physical Symptoms: Pain and Discomfort
	Chapter 11 The Nature and Symptoms of Pain
		What Is Pain?
			The Qualities and Dimensions of Pain
				Highlight: Acute Pain in Burn Patients
			Perceiving Pain
		Theories of Pain
			Early Theories of Pain
				Highlight: Inducing Pain in Laboratory Research
			The Gate-Control Theory of Pain
		Biopsychosocial Aspects of Pain
			Neurochemical Transmission and Inhibition of Pain
			Personal and Social Experiences and Pain
				Highlight: Placebos and Pain
			Emotions, Coping Processes, and Pain
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Canadian Contributions: Psychosocial Perspectives on Pain
		Assessing People’s Pain
			Self-Report Methods
				Assess Yourself: Describing Your Pain
			Behavioural Assessment Approaches
			Psychophysiological Measures
		Pain in Children
			Pain and Children’s Sensory and Cognitive Development
			Assessing Pain in Children
	Chapter 12 Managing and Controlling Clinical Pain
		Clinical Pain
			Acute Clinical Pain
			Chronic Clinical Pain
		Medical Treatments for Pain
			Surgical Methods for Treating Pain
			Chemical Methods for Treating Pain
				Highlight: Types of Pain?Relieving Chemicals
		Behavioural and Cognitive Methods for Treating Pain
			The Operant Approach
			Fear Reduction, Relaxation, and Biofeedback
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Guiding a Client to Pain Redefinition
		Hypnosis and Interpersonal Therapy
			Hypnosis as a Treatment for Pain
				Assess Yourself: Would Behavioural or Cognitive Methods Help Your Pain?
			Interpersonal Therapy for Pain
		Physical and Stimulation Therapies for Pain
			Stimulation Therapies
			Physical Therapy
		Pain Clinics
			Multidisciplinary Programs
				Highlight: Physical Activity and Back Pain
			Evaluating the Success of Pain Clinics
Part VI Chronic and Life-Threatening Health Problems
	Chapter 13 Serious and Disabling Chronic Illnesses: Causes, Management, and Coping
		Adjusting to a Chronic Illness
			Initial Reactions to Having a Chronic Condition
			Influences on Coping with a Health Crisis
			The Coping Process
		Impacts of Different Chronic Conditions
			Asthma
			Epilepsy
				Highlight: What to Do for a Seizure
			Nervous System Injuries
			Diabetes
				Assess Yourself: Do You Have Diabetes?
				Highlight: Self-Managing Diabetes
			Arthritis
			Alzheimer’s Disease
		Psychosocial Interventions for People with Chronic Conditions
			Educational, Social Support, and Behavioural Methods
			Relaxation and Biofeedback
			Cognitive Methods
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Treating Asthma with Biofeedback and Relaxation
			Interpersonal and Family Therapy
			Collaborative or Integrated Care Approaches
	Chapter 14 Heart Disease, Stroke, Cancer, and AIDS: Causes, Management, and Coping
		Coping with and Adapting to High?Mortality Illness
			Adapting While the Prospects Seem Good
			Adapting in a Recurrence or Relapse
		Heart Disease
			Who Is at Risk of Heart Disease, and Why?
				Highlight: Anatomy of a Heart Attack
				Assess Yourself: Are You at Risk for Heart Disease?
			Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation of Cardiac Patients
			The Psychosocial Impact of Heart Disease
			Psychosocial Interventions for Heart Disease
		Stroke
			Causes, Effects, and Rehabilitation of Stroke
			Psychosocial Aspects of Stroke
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Stroke Rehabilitation for Visual Neglect
		Cancer
			The Prevalence and Types of Cancer
			The Sites, Effects, and Causes of Cancer
			Diagnosing and Treating Cancer
			The Psychosocial Impact of Cancer
			Psychosocial Interventions for Cancer
			Childhood Cancer
				Highlight: Can Psychosocial Interventions Improve Cancer Survival?
		HIV/AIDS
			Risk Factors, Effects, and Treatment of HIV/AIDS
			The Psychosocial Impact of HIV/AIDS
			Psychosocial Interventions for HIV/AIDS
		The Survivors: And Life Goes On
			Physical and Psychosocial Impact
			Psychosocial Interventions for Bereavement
			Reaching a Positive Adaptation
Part VII Looking to the Future
	Chapter 15 What’s Ahead for Health Psychology?
		Goals for Health Psychology
			Enhancing Illness Prevention and Treatment
			Improving Efforts for Helping Patients Cope
			Identifying Evidence-Based Interventions and Cost–Benefit Ratios
			Expanding Psychologists’ Roles in Medical Settings
				Clinical Methods and Issues: Psychologists in the Primary Care Team
		Careers and Training in Health Psychology
			Career Opportunities
			Training Programs
		Issues and Controversies for the Future
			Environment, Health, and Psychology
			Quality of Life
				Highlight: The Growing Role of Climate Change in Human Health
			Ethical Issues in Health Care
			Expanding Definitions of Health
		Future Focuses in Health Psychology
			Assess Yourself: Some Ethical Dilemmas: What Do You Think?
				Lifespan Health and Illness
				Socio-cultural Factors In Health
				Gender Differences and Women’s Health Issues
		Factors Affecting Health Psychology’s Future
Glossary
References
Author Index
Subject Index
EULA