Health Disparities in Allergic Diseases: An Evidence-Based Look at Causes, Conditions, and Outcomes

Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Introductory Chapters
	Chapter 1: Global Health: Reimagining Perspectives
		Introduction
		Theorizing Global Health
		Selected Global Health Targets
		Challenges and Opportunities
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 2: Allergic Diseases in the Developing World: An Emerging Problem or an Overseen Issue?
		Prevalence of Allergic Diseases: An Overview
		Prevalence and Trends of Allergic Diseases: Africa
		Prevalence and Trends of Allergic Diseases: Middle East
		Prevalence and Trends of Allergic Diseases: Asia
		Prevalence and Trends of Allergic Diseases: Latin America
		Risk Factors and Common Allergens in Developing Countries
		The High Burden of Allergic Diseases in Developing Countries
		Allergic Diseases: An Emerging Problem or an Overseen Issue?
		References
	Chapter 3: Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Allergic Diseases in the United States: Example of a Large Country with a Diverse Population
		Introduction
		Racial and Ethnic Disparity by Allergic Disease
			Asthma
				Role of Genetic Predisposition
				Environmental and Lifestyle Factors
					Socioeconomic Status
					Inner-City Residence
					Psychosocial Stress and Violence
					Ambient Air Pollution
					Housing Quality and Indoor Allergens
					Environmental Tobacco Smoke
					Vitamin D Deficiency
					Obesity
					Nativity Effect
				Diagnosis and Management
					Health-Care Access
					Language Barriers and Health Literacy
					Perception of Asthma
					Use of Controller Medication
					Health-Care Utilization
			Atopic Dermatitis/Eczema
			Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis
			Allergic Rhinitis/Hay Fever
			Interventions to Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Allergic Diseases in the United States
		References
	Chapter 4: Disparity in Access to Care and Its Impact on Diagnosis and Outcomes of Allergic Diseases
		Introduction
		Asthma Outcomes
		Food Allergy Outcomes
		Atopic Dermatitis
		Stinging Insect Allergy
		Conclusion
		References
Part II: Disparity on Allergic Conditions by Disease
	Chapter 5: Disparity in Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis
		Nancy
		Introduction
		Acute Rhinosinusitis
		Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS)
		Currently Existing Disparities in Rhinosinusitis
		Allergic Sensitization
		Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis (AFRS)
		Conclusion and Final Remarks
		References
	Chapter 6: Disparities in Food Allergy
		Case History
		Introduction
		Currently Existing Disparities in Food Allergy
			Prevalence
		Outcomes Related to Disparities in Food Allergy
			Morbidity
			Cost
		Reasons for Food Allergy Health Disparities
			Comorbid Allergic Conditions
		Disparities and Their Potential Impact on Future Directions: Prevention of Food Allergy
		Conclusion and Final Remarks
		References
	Chapter 7: Asthma Health Disparities
		Jayden
		Introduction
		Existing Health Disparities in Asthma
			Prevalence
			Outcomes Related to Disparities in Asthma
			Morbidity
			Mortality
			Costs
		Reasons for Asthma Health Disparities
			Models for Examining the Etiology of Health Disparities
			Genetics and Epigenetics
			Comorbidities
				Allergic Diseases
				Obesity
				Mental Health
			Behaviors
			Environmental Exposures
				Allergens
				Air Quality and Pollution
			Healthcare Access and Quality
		Potential Solutions to Asthma Disparities: Community-Driven Intervention Development in Chicago
			Defining Asthma in Chicago
			Intervention Development and Testing
			Collaboration to Challenge Asthma
			Asthma Policy Efforts
		Conclusion and Final Remarks
		References
	Chapter 8: Disparity in Atopic Dermatitis
		Blake
		Introduction
		Currently Existing Disparities in Atopic Dermatitis
			Prevalence
			Impact of Socioeconomic Factors
			Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Atopic Dermatitis
		Outcomes Related to Disparities in Food Allergy
			Severity of Skin Disease
		Reasons for Atopic Dermatitis Health Disparities
			Access to Healthcare
		Conclusions
		References
Part III: Providing Solutions
	Chapter 9: School-Based Educational Programs to Improve the Knowledge and Outcome in Allergic Conditions
		Introduction
		Background of School-Based Asthma Programs
		Framework for School-Based Asthma Programs
		Examples of School-Based Asthma Programs
		Final Thoughts and Future Directions
		References
	Chapter 10: Providing Feasible Solutions for an Asthmatic Impoverished Population
		Introduction
		What Is the Current Situation of Asthma in Venezuela?
		Proposed Strategies
			Maintenance Treatment Plans for Asthma by Using Once-a-Day Dosing of Inhaled Corticosteroids
			Maintenance Treatment Plans for Asthma by Oral Medications
			Shortening the Time Spent in the Emergency Room
			Novel Rapid Approaches for Aeroallergen Immunotherapy
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 11: Global and National Networks and Their Role in Fighting Disparity in Allergic Diseases
		Introduction
		Governmental Organizations
			Agency for Healthcare Quality Research
			National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)
			National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
			Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)
		Nongovernmental Organizations
			Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
			RAND Corporation
			Urban Institute
			International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and the Global Asthma Network (GAN)
		Summary
		References
Index