Hazardous Chemicals Handbook, Second Edition

Contents......Page 5
Preface to the second edition......Page 9
Preface to the first edition......Page 11
1 Introduction......Page 13
2 Terminology......Page 22
3.2 Atoms and molecules......Page 33
3.3 Periodic table......Page 34
3.4 Valency......Page 35
3.5 Chemical bonds......Page 36
3.6 Oxidation/reduction......Page 37
3.8 Acids......Page 38
3.9 Bases......Page 39
3.10 Halogens......Page 40
3.11 Metals......Page 41
3.12 Oxygen and suphur......Page 42
3.13 Nitrogen, phsphorus, arsenic and antimony......Page 43
3.16 Organic chemistry......Page 44
3.17 Combustion chemistry......Page 52
3.18 Chemical reactivity......Page 54
4.1 Vapour pressure......Page 57
4.2 Gas-liquid solubility......Page 58
4.5 Density differences of gases and vapours......Page 59
4.7 Immiscible liquid-liquid systems......Page 61
4.10 Surface area effects in mass transfer or heterogeneous reactions......Page 62
4.12 Critical temperature of gases......Page 64
4.13 Chemical reaction kinetics......Page 65
4.14 Corrosion......Page 66
4.15 Force and pressure......Page 68
4.16 Expansion of contraction of solids......Page 72
5.3 Types of toxic chemicals......Page 79
5.4 Hazard assessment......Page 93
5.5 Risk assessment of carcinogens......Page 102
5.6 Risk control......Page 103
5.7 Control of substances hazardous to health......Page 120
5.8 Specific precautions......Page 130
6.1 Ignition and propagation of a flame front......Page 190
6.2 Control mechanisms......Page 202
6.3 Fire extinguishment......Page 204
6.4 Fire precautions......Page 206
7.1 Water-sensitive chemicals......Page 240
7.2 Toxic hazards from mixtures......Page 241
7.3 Reactive hazards from mixtures......Page 243
7.4 Oxidizing agents......Page 246
7.5 Explosive chemicals......Page 247
7.7 Hazards arising in chemical processing......Page 255
8 Cryogens......Page 270
8.1 Liquid oxygen......Page 271
8.3 Liquid carbon dioxide......Page 273
8.4 Liquefied natural gas......Page 275
9 Compressed gases......Page 277
9.1 Acetylene......Page 285
9.2 Air......Page 286
9.3 Ammonia......Page 288
9.4 Carbon dioxide......Page 289
9.5 Carbon monoxide......Page 291
9.6 Chlorine......Page 292
9.7 Hydrogen......Page 294
9.8 Hydrogen chloride......Page 296
9.9 Hydrogen sulphide......Page 298
9.10 Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG)......Page 299
9.11 Methane......Page 303
9.12 Nitrogen......Page 305
9.13 Nitrogen oxides......Page 307
9.14 Oxygen......Page 313
9.15 Ozone......Page 315
9.16 Sulphur dioxide......Page 316
10 Monitoring techniques......Page 319
10.2 Gases and vapours......Page 320
10.3 Particulates......Page 324
10.4 Monitoring water quality......Page 325
10.6 Monitoring air pollution......Page 326
10.7 Flammable gases......Page 331
10.8 Toxic particulates......Page 333
10.9 Official methods......Page 369
10.10 Sampling strategies......Page 371
10.11 Selected strategies for determining employees\' exposure to airbourne chemicals......Page 375
10.12 Pollution monitoring strategies in incident investigation......Page 399
11 Radioactive chemicals......Page 402
11.2 Types of radiation......Page 403
11.3 Control measures......Page 404
12.1 Design procedures......Page 408
12.2 Layout......Page 409
12.3 Storage......Page 413
12.5 Piping arrangements......Page 416
12.6 Fire protection......Page 422
12.7 Installation and operation......Page 423
13 Operating procedures......Page 424
13.3 Maintenance......Page 425
13.4 Pressure systems......Page 435
13.5 Emergency procedures......Page 436
13.6 Spillage......Page 439
13.7 First aid......Page 441
13.8 Personal protection......Page 445
13.9 Medical screening......Page 453
13.11 Training......Page 454
14.1 Classification......Page 455
14.4 Information......Page 463
14.3 Labelling......Page 459
14.2 Packaging......Page 457
15 Transport of chemicals......Page 472
15.7 Container filling/discharging......Page 499
15.6 Loading and unloading......Page 496
15.5 Modes of transport for liquids, gases and solids......Page 493
15.4 Sea transport......Page 483
15.3 Air transport......Page 482
15.2 Rail transport......Page 480
15.1 Road transport......Page 473
16 Chemicals and the environment: sources and impact......Page 500
16.1 Atmospheric emissions......Page 513
16.2 Liquid effluents......Page 515
16.3 Solid wastes......Page 519
17.1 Legislative control......Page 524
17.6 Control of solid waste......Page 545
17.5 Liquid effluent treatment operations......Page 541
17.4 Control of atmospheric emissions......Page 540
17.3 Environmental impact assessment......Page 538
17.2 Waste management......Page 529
18 Conversion tables and measurement data......Page 555
19.1 Selected textbooks......Page 564
19.2 UK legislation on dangerous substances......Page 569
19.3 European legislation on dangerous substances......Page 572
19.4 UK legislation on air pollution......Page 577
19.5 European legislation on air pollution......Page 578
19.6 UK water legislation......Page 579
19.7 European legislation on water pollution......Page 581
19.8 UK legislation on land pollution......Page 582
19.10 HSE guidance notes......Page 583
19.11 Miscellaneous......Page 597
19.12 Publications by the Environment Agency relating to chemicals......Page 598
19.13 Selected British standards......Page 599
Appendix: Selected UK legislation......Page 605
Index......Page 610