Handbook of the History of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy: Volume 3: From Ross to Dworkin and Beyond

Preface
Contents
Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund
	Introduction
	The Actuality of Philosophy and the Period of Exile in the United States
	The Return to Frankfurt and the Late Works
	The Question of Justice
	The Good Life and the Advocacy for the Nonidentical
	Conclusion: Reception
	References
Arendt, Hannah
	Introduction
	Law and Politics: Arendt´s Constitutionalism
	The Problem of Human Rights
	Law and Evil: Adolf Eichmann on Trial
	Conclusion
	References
Cardozo, Benjamin
	Introduction
	Legal Wisdom
	The Concept of Law and the Value of Legal Certainty
	The Workings of the Legal Process
	The Theory of Legal Decision-Making as Legal Philosophy
	Conclusion
	References
Croce, Benedetto
	Introduction
	The Object and History of the Philosophy of Law
	The Concept of Law
	Juridical Actions and Laws
	The Double Aspect of the Practical Problem
	References
Dewey, John
	Introduction
	Pragmatism
	Critique of Natural Law
	Judicial Decision-Making
	Social Theory of Law
	Conclusion
	References
Durkheim, Emile
	Introduction
	Intellectual Sketch
	Law as Social Fact
	Legal Evolution and Societal Complexity
	Contract: Evolution and Social Functions
	Crime and Ritual Punishment
	Conclusion
	References
Dworkin, Ronald
	Introduction
	Legal Disagreement
	Constructive Interpretation
	Law as Integrity
	Conclusion
	References
Ehrlich, Eugen
	Introduction
	Biography
	The Controversy with Hans Kelsen on the Nature of the Legal Science
	Ehrlich´s Influence on the Free Law Movement
	Ehrlich´s Political Thought
	The Distinction Between State and Law According to Ehrlich
	Society as a Grouping of Associations and the Role of Legal Norms
	The Concept of Living Law
	Ehrlich, Constitution and Pluralism
	Conclusion
	References
Foucault, Michel
	Introduction
	The Juridical Model as a Contrast/Opposition
	The Dissonance Between Confession and the Enforcement of Penal Law
	The Judicial Apathy of Penal Institutions
	An Exhaustive Knowledge of the Delinquent and the Citizen
	Surveillance Takes the Place of Punishment
	References
Frank, Jerome N.
	Introduction
	Frank and American Legal Realism
	The Certainty of Law. Frank on Judicial Decision Making
		Frank and Llewellyn: The Science of Law and the Social Sciences
		Certainty as a Legal Myth and Uncertainty as a Value
		The Judge as a Cadi. The ``Court-House Government´´ and Intuitive ``Fact-Finding´´
		``The Upper Court Myth´´
	``Government of Law´´ and ``Government of Men´´
	Frank´s Legacy. A Doubting Thinking on Democracy
	References
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand
	Introduction
	Gandhi´s Philosophical Framework
	Satya and Ahimsa: Individual and Social Values
	Swaraj: Individual and National Freedom
	Means and Ends
	Satyagraha
	Swaraj Through Swadeshi
	Sarvodaya: From Swaraj to Poorna Swaraj
	Gandhi´s Vision of a Nonviolent State
	Conclusion
	References
Geiger, Theodor
	Introduction
	Stratification, Class, and Social Mobility
	Mass Society
	On Value Judgment, Ideology, and the Role of Intelligentsia
	Law and Morality
	References
Gentile, Giovanni
	Introduction
	The Law as a Spiritual Reality
	The Philosophy of Law Is Necessary: Law and Force
	Law and Morality
	Toward a State-Centric Legalism
	References
Hägerström, Axel
	Introduction
	Hägerström´s Reality Thesis
	The Unreality of Value and the Ought
	The Ought, the Right, and Norms Explained
	The Law in Force Is Made Up of Norms. The Role of the Constitution and the Judge-Made Law
	The Idea of a Right
	Transactions
	Other Investigations by Hägerström
	References
Hart, Herbert Lionel Adolphus
	Introduction
	Hart´s Methodology
	Coercion and the Law
	The Nature of Rules. Hart´s Practice Theory of Rules
	Law and Morality
	Concluding Remarks
	References
Hauriou, Maurice
	Introduction
	Goals of His Institutional Analysis and Main Influences on the Theory of the Institution
	A Theory of the State
	The State as an Institution
	Conclusion
	References
Heck, Philipp
	Introduction
	Heck´s Methodological Approach
	The Political Dimension of Method and the Role of the Judge
	Legal Science
	Conclusion
	References
Jellinek, Georg
	Introduction
	Social and Legal Aspects of the State
	Ethical and Legal Order, and the International Law
	Subjective Rights
	The Social Contract and the Origins of the Rights of Man
	Conclusion
	References
Kantorowicz, Hermann
	Introduction
	The German Free Law Movement
	Free Law as a Natural Law
	A New Understanding of Legal Science and the Role of Judges
	Kantorowicz´s Critique of American Legal Realism
	The Definition of Law
	References
Kelsen, Hans
	Further Reading
Kollontai, Alexandra
	Introduction
	1899-1917: Political Activist and Agitator with a Focus on Women´s Lives
	1917-1922: People´s Commissar for Social Welfare; Head of the Zhenotdel; Disagreements with Lenin
	Socialist Feminist Thinker
	1922-1945: Soviet Diplomat. Confinement and Acquiescence
	Conclusion
	References
Laski, Harold J.
	Introduction
	Fabian-Inspired Social Liberalism
	Sovereignty and Pluralism in Laski
	A ``Gradualist´´ Socialism
	Conclusion
	References
		Further Reading
Lenin, Vladimir I.
	Introduction
	Preludes
	The Events
	The Nature of Bolshevik Law
	``Legalized Lawlessness´´
	Personal Features
	The End of the Game
	Conclusion
	References
Llewellyn, Karl Nickerson
	Introduction
	A Symbolic Figure of the Realist Movement
	A Pioneer in Legal Anthropology
	Realism in Commercial Law
	Legacy
	References
Lundstedt, Anders Vilhelm
	Introduction
	Lundstedt´s Legal Realism
	Justice and the Legal Machinery
	Social Welfare and Constructive Jurisprudence
	Conclusion
	References
Luxemburg, Rosa
	Introduction
	Democracy
	Reform or Revolution
	The Woman Question
	Imperialism
	Conclusion
	References
Olivecrona, Karl Knut Hans
	Introduction
	Scandinavian Legal Realism as an Alternative to Legal Positivism
	Legal Language and Reality
	Legal Rules
	Rights and Duties as Imperative Signals
	Law as an Organized Force
	Conclusion
	References
Pashukanis, Evgeny Bronislavovich
	Introduction
	1924 and ``The General Theory of Law and Marxism´´
	The Shift of Pashukanis´s Theory and the Development of Stalinism
	Conclusion: After Pashukanis
	References
Pound, Roscoe
	Sociological Jurisprudence
	``Social Engineering´´: The Task of Law
	References
Radbruch, Gustav
	Introduction
	Legal Philosophy (1932)
	Radbruch´s Formula (1946)
	Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Rawls, John
	Introduction
	The First Principle: Equal Basic Rights and Liberties
	The Second Principle: Distributive Economic Justice
	The Original Position
	Rawls´s New Theory
	Overlapping Consensus
	Conclusion and Summing Up
	References
		Further Reading
Ross, Alf
	Introduction
	Neo-Kantian Stage
	Realistic Stage
	Neopositivistic Stage
	Alf Ross and the Pure Theory of Law
	References
Russell, Bertrand
	Introduction
	Human Beings and Their Creative Potentialities
	Instinct and Mind
	Creative Impulses and Reason
	Socialism and Capitalism
	Marx and Marxism
	Rights and Education
	The Opposition to War and the Russell Tribunal
	Conclusion
	References
Schmitt, Carl
	The Main Features of Schmitt´s Thought
	Early Juridical Writings
	Decision, Secularization, Constitution
	The State, the ``Political´´ and the Crisis of the Weimar Republic
	The Nazi Era
	The ``Nomos´´
	Conclusions
	References
Stammler, Rudolf
	Introduction
	Stammler´s Basic Assumptions
	Critiques of Stammler
	Overall Appraisal
	References
Weber, Max
	Introduction
	Biography
		Values and Politics
		Ethics and Violence
		State and Domination
	Conclusion
	References
Wittgenstein, Ludwig
	Introduction
	Wittgenstein and Legal Theory
	Wittgenstein and Law: A Skeptical View
	Conclusion
	References