Handbook of Pediatric Psychology

Front Cover......Page 1
About the Editors......Page 8
Contributors......Page 10
Preface......Page 18
Part II - Cross-Cutting Issues......Page 22
Part III - Medical, Developmental, Behavioral, and Cognitive-Affective Conditions......Page 23
Part IV - Public Health Issues......Page 24
Index......Page 25
Part I - Professional Issues......Page 26
1. Historical Developments and Trends in Pediatric Psychology......Page 28
Early Teaching and Training......Page 29
Organizational Developments......Page 31
Research in Pediatric Psychology......Page 32
History of JPP......Page 33
Training in Pediatric Psychology......Page 34
Current Trends in Training......Page 35
Undergraduate Training......Page 36
Postdoctoral Fellowship Training......Page 37
The Future of Pediatric Psychology......Page 38
Concluding Remarks......Page 39
2. Ethical and Legal Issues in Pediatric Psychology......Page 44
Telehealth and Electronically Mediated Practice......Page 45
Informed Consent......Page 46
Confidentiality......Page 48
Bioethics for Children and Adolescents......Page 49
Medical Decision Making for Children......Page 50
Forgoing Life-­Sustaining Treatment......Page 51
Disability, Discrimination, and Perspective......Page 52
Neuroethics......Page 53
Research Ethics for Children and Adolescents......Page 54
Conclusions......Page 56
Overview of Practice Settings......Page 60
Inpatient Settings......Page 61
Outpatient Settings......Page 64
Community Settings......Page 65
Training, Licensing, and Credentialing......Page 66
Work Performance......Page 69
Conclusions......Page 71
The Importance of Theory in Pediatric Psychology Research......Page 77
What Factors Influence the Magnitude of the Relationship between the Variables?......Page 78
What Mechanism Explains the Relationship between the Variables?......Page 80
Research Designs in Pediatric Psychology......Page 81
Experimental and Treatment Outcome Designs......Page 82
Observational Research Designs......Page 86
Single-­Participant Designs......Page 88
Challenges in Conducting Research with Pediatric Populations......Page 89
Cleaning Data......Page 90
Power, Effect Sizes, and Confidence Intervals......Page 91
Conclusions and Recommendations: The State of the Art and a Look to the Future......Page 92
A Brief History of Health Insurance......Page 96
Initiation of Private Health Insurance......Page 97
Managed Care......Page 98
Managed Behavioral Health Organizations: Carve-Out Companies......Page 99
Coverage and Providers of Mental Health Services......Page 100
Procedure Codes: Mental Health Codes and Health and Behavior Codes......Page 101
Use of Mental Health Codes versus H & B Codes......Page 103
Increased Implementation of H & B Codes: Trials and Troubleshooting......Page 104
Models of Implementation of H & B Codes......Page 105
Primary Care Referral and Integrated Care......Page 106
Public Insurance......Page 107
Employee Assistance Programs......Page 108
Summary......Page 109
Part II - Cross-Cutting Issues......Page 112
Definitions......Page 114
Research on Applying Evidence-Based Practice to Diverse Populations......Page 115
Methodological Issues......Page 117
Recommendations for Future Research......Page 118
Cultural Competency......Page 119
Institutional Standards......Page 121
Summary......Page 122
History of the EBP Movement......Page 124
Treatment Outcome Research......Page 126
Cost-­Effectiveness Research......Page 127
Evidence-Based Assessment......Page 128
Research Training......Page 129
Clinical Training......Page 130
Assessment of Professional Competencies......Page 131
Patient Values, Preferences, and Cultural Context of EBP......Page 132
Conclusions......Page 134
Characterization and Prevalence of CL Services in Children’s Hospitals......Page 139
Consultation versus Liaison Emphasis......Page 140
Relationships with Psychiatry and Pediatrics Specialties: Integrated versus Parallel Services......Page 141
Referral......Page 142
Assessment......Page 143
Communication of Findings and Recommendations......Page 144
Intervention: The Five C’s of Pediatric CL......Page 145
Financial Challenges and Institutional Support......Page 147
Multiple Roles and Role Strain......Page 148
Opportunities......Page 149
Advances in Clinical Interventions......Page 150
Future Directions......Page 151
9. Adherence to Pediatric Treatment Regimens......Page 155
Methods for Measuring Adherence......Page 156
Developmental Issues......Page 159
Child and Family Characteristics......Page 160
The Health Care System......Page 162
Disease and Regimen Considerations......Page 163
Models of Medical Adherence......Page 164
Interventions for Pediatric Adherence......Page 165
Behavioral Interventions......Page 166
Family and Peer Interventions (Enhancing Support and Communication; Reducing Conflict)......Page 167
Multicomponent Interventions......Page 168
Emerging Interventions......Page 169
General Summary and Conclusions......Page 170
10. Chronic and Recurrent Pain......Page 178
Nociceptive versus Neuropathic Pain......Page 179
Stress and Negative Emotions......Page 180
Sleep......Page 181
Assessment of Chronic/Recurrent Pain......Page 182
Non-­Narcotic Analgesics......Page 183
Nerve Stimulation and Physical Therapy......Page 184
Biofeedback......Page 185
Imagery......Page 186
Operant Interventions......Page 187
Topics for Future Research......Page 188
Innovations in Service Delivery......Page 189
11. Management of Pediatric Pain and Distress Due to Medical Procedures......Page 196
Experience......Page 197
Parents’ and Medical Staff’s Behavior......Page 198
Preparing Children for Painful Procedures: Information Provision......Page 199
Distraction and Multicomponent Cognitive-­Behavioral Interventions......Page 200
Effective Use of Distraction Procedures......Page 201
Combining Information Provision and Attention Manipulation......Page 202
Preparation for Surgery......Page 204
Interventions for Infants......Page 205
Topical and Local Anesthetics......Page 206
Procedural Sedation......Page 207
Integration of Psychological and Pharmacological Approaches......Page 208
Commentary and Future Directions......Page 209
12. Pediatric Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology......Page 214
Attention-­Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder......Page 215
Obsessive–­Compulsive Disorder......Page 216
Major Depressive Disorder......Page 217
Autism Spectrum Disorders......Page 218
Tic Disorders......Page 219
Asthma......Page 220
Diabetes......Page 221
Pediatric Pain......Page 222
Conclusions and Recommendations......Page 223
13. Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress......Page 230
Phase I: Peritrauma (During and Immediately Following the Medical PTE)......Page 231
Phase II: Early, Ongoing, and Evolving Responses......Page 232
Assessment of PMTS......Page 233
Key Issues and Future Directions......Page 234
Summary......Page 236
14. Palliative Care, End of Life, and Bereavement......Page 241
Care of Children and Families at the End of Life......Page 242
Communication and Decision Making......Page 243
Parental Grief......Page 245
Sibling Grief......Page 246
Summary and Future Directions......Page 247
15. eHealth Applications in Pediatric Psychology......Page 252
Electronic Devices in Assessment......Page 253
Patient Education and eHealth Literacy......Page 254
Electronic Devices......Page 255
Private Computer Networks......Page 256
Internet Interventions: Use of the World Wide Web......Page 257
Conclusions and Future Directions......Page 258
Part III - Medical, Developmental, Behavioral, and Cognitive-Affective Conditions......Page 264
16. Neonatology, Prematurity, and Developmental Issues......Page 266
Risk Scores......Page 267
Correction for Prematurity......Page 268
Biological Risks......Page 269
Environmental Risk......Page 271
Outcomes......Page 272
Language......Page 273
Behavioral Issues......Page 274
Summary......Page 275
Definition and Scope of the Problem......Page 279
Asthma Prevalence and Morbidity......Page 280
Psychological Aspects......Page 281
Emotions and Asthma Course......Page 282
Developmental and Family Implications......Page 283
Interdisciplinary Management......Page 284
Basic Medical Approach......Page 285
Roles of Pediatric Psychologists......Page 286
Conclusion......Page 288
Policy Implications......Page 289
18. Cystic Fibrosis......Page 296
Genetics, Pathophysiology, and Treatments......Page 297
Patient-­Reported Outcomes......Page 298
Medical Issues......Page 299
Psychosocial Adjustment......Page 300
Adherence......Page 301
Psychosocial Adjustment......Page 302
Adherence......Page 303
Medical Issues......Page 304
Psychosocial Adjustment......Page 305
Emerging Adulthood......Page 306
Conclusion......Page 307
19. The Psychological Context of Diabetes Mellitus in Youths......Page 312
Diabetes Knowledge and Skills......Page 313
Interventions Targeting Family Diabetes Management......Page 314
Stress and Coping......Page 315
Interventions Targeting Stress, Coping, and Psychological Adjustment in DM1......Page 316
Parental Involvement in Diabetes Care......Page 318
Peer Involvement in Diabetes Care......Page 319
Diabetes Care in Community Settings......Page 320
Summary......Page 321
Medical Domain......Page 328
Clinical Manifestations......Page 329
Treatment Approaches......Page 333
Social-­Emotional Functioning......Page 334
Family Functioning......Page 335
Adherence......Page 336
Cultural Issues......Page 337
Future Directions......Page 338
Adjustment of Children and Families during Cancer Treatment......Page 344
Populations at Risk for Neurocognitive Late Effects......Page 346
Nature and Extent of CNS Late Effects......Page 347
Interrelation of Neurocognitive Late Effects and Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Functioning......Page 348
Health Challenges Associated with Survivorship......Page 350
Epidemiology......Page 359
Outcomes......Page 360
Assessment......Page 362
Intervention......Page 363
Epidemiology......Page 365
Outcomes......Page 366
Approaches to Community Reentry and Intervention......Page 368
Conclusions and Future Directions......Page 369
23. Central Nervous System Disorders......Page 375
An Overview of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Two Exemplars......Page 376
Epilepsy......Page 377
Spina Bifida......Page 380
Psychological Assessment and Treatment......Page 382
Inpatient Assessment and Treatment......Page 383
Outpatient Assessment and Treatment......Page 384
Conclusions......Page 386
Medical Aspects......Page 391
Medical Treatment......Page 392
Adherence Rates to Regimens for JRA......Page 393
Adherence Intervention Studies......Page 394
Pain......Page 395
Biobehavioral Model of Pain......Page 396
Social and Emotional Adjustment......Page 398
Long-Term Psychosocial Adjustment......Page 399
Adjustment in Parents and Siblings of Children with JRA......Page 400
Clinical and Research Implications......Page 401
Congenital Heart Disease......Page 406
Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning Prior to Cardiac Surgery......Page 407
Operative Factors......Page 408
Long-Term Effects of Cardiovascular Surgery......Page 410
Quality of Life......Page 411
Summary and Implications for Future Research......Page 412
Clinical Issues......Page 417
Organ Donation......Page 418
Adherence to Medical Regimens......Page 419
Long-Term Psychosocial Adaptation......Page 421
Transition to Adult Care......Page 422
Research Agenda......Page 423
Summary and Conclusions......Page 424
Irritable Bowel Syndrome......Page 428
Causes/Conceptualization......Page 429
Clinical Evaluation......Page 430
Treatment......Page 431
IBS, Pain-­Associated Disability Syndrome, and Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation......Page 432
Prevalence......Page 433
Psychological Factors......Page 434
Clinical Evaluation......Page 436
Treatment......Page 438
Epidemiology......Page 445
Treatment Overview......Page 446
Issues during the Acute Phase......Page 447
Rehabilitation Issues......Page 450
Conclusions......Page 451
Prevalence......Page 454
Etiology......Page 455
Assessment......Page 456
Behavioral Treatment......Page 457
Treatment Setting......Page 459
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome......Page 460
Rumination......Page 464
Vomiting Disorders and Rumination: Summary......Page 465
Definitions of Overweight and Obesity......Page 471
Psychosocial Correlates......Page 472
Changes in the Larger Cultural Environment Associated with Obesity Risk......Page 475
Family Influences on Pediatric Obesity......Page 476
Additional Influences on Eating, Activity, and Obesity......Page 477
Lifestyle Interventions for Treatment of Pediatric Obesity......Page 478
Intensive Weight Control Interventions......Page 480
Treatment of Comorbid Conditions......Page 481
Summary and Conclusions......Page 482
Diagnostic Categories......Page 489
Epidemiology......Page 491
Psychiatric and Medical Comorbidity......Page 493
Etiology and Risks for Pediatric Eating Disorders......Page 494
Interview with Parents......Page 495
General Psychopathology......Page 496
Anorexia Nervosa......Page 497
Bulimia Nervosa......Page 499
Current Needs and Future Directions......Page 500
Enuresis......Page 506
Psychosocial Factors......Page 507
Treatment......Page 508
Encopresis......Page 509
Psychosocial Factors......Page 510
Treatment......Page 511
Summary......Page 512
Normal Sleep in Children and Adolescents......Page 516
Preschoolers (3–5 Years)......Page 517
Sleep History......Page 518
Additional Measures of Sleep Problems......Page 519
Behavioral Insomnia of Childhood......Page 520
Circadian Rhythm Disorder, Delayed Sleep Phase Type......Page 521
Obstructive Sleep Apnea......Page 522
Sleep-­Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder......Page 523
Medical Issues......Page 524
Psychiatric Issues......Page 526
Summary......Page 527
Autism Spectrum Disorders......Page 533
Diagnostic Standards and Epidemiology......Page 534
Etiological Considerations......Page 536
Assessment Methods and Procedures......Page 539
Approaches to Intervention......Page 540
Intellectual and Other Developmental Disabilities......Page 541
Diagnostic Standards and Epidemiology......Page 542
Phenotypic “Profiling”......Page 543
Psychopharmacological Interventions......Page 546
Summary and Conclusions......Page 547
35. Behavior Problems in a Pediatric Context......Page 551
Assessment Goals......Page 552
Common Assessment Methods......Page 553
Behavioral Interviews: Child Interview......Page 554
Parent Training......Page 557
Cognitive-­Behavioral Therapy......Page 558
Conclusions......Page 559
Prevalence......Page 565
Developmental Issues......Page 566
Assessment......Page 567
General Considerations......Page 568
Assessment Tools......Page 569
Pharmacotherapy......Page 571
Behavioral Treatment......Page 572
Preschool ADHD Interventions......Page 574
A Look Ahead......Page 575
37. Child Maltreatment......Page 581
Scope of the Problem......Page 582
Psychological Maltreatment......Page 583
Neglect......Page 584
Physical Abuse......Page 585
Sexual Abuse......Page 586
Assessment and Treatment......Page 587
Reporting......Page 589
Child Protection Teams......Page 590
Conclusions......Page 591
Part IV - Public Health Issues......Page 598
38. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities and Access to Care......Page 600
A Social-­Ecological Framework for Understanding Health Disparities......Page 601
Access to Care......Page 602
Individual Behaviors......Page 603
Family and Community Influences......Page 604
Societal Factors......Page 606
Summary and Future Directions for Practice, Policy, and Research......Page 607
39. Prevention of Unintentional Injury inChildren andAdolescents......Page 611
Demographic Variables......Page 612
Child and Parental Characteristics Associated with Injury......Page 614
Approaches to Preventing Pediatric Injury......Page 615
Environmental and Legislative Interventions......Page 616
Modification in Human Behavior......Page 619
Conclusions......Page 621
The Need to Target Health-­Promoting and Health-­Compromising Behaviors......Page 628
An Integrated Model of Health Promotion......Page 629
Interventions Based on SCT......Page 631
Interventions Based on Motivational Theories......Page 632
Interventions Based on the TTM......Page 633
Ecological and Biopsychosocial Approaches to Health Promotion......Page 634
Family-Based Approaches (Microsystemic Factors)......Page 635
School-Based Approaches (Mesosystemic Factors)......Page 636
Community-Based Approaches (Exosystemic Factors)......Page 637
Public Policy Approaches (Macrosystemic Effects)......Page 638
Summary and Conclusions......Page 639
Vaccination Practices in the United States......Page 643
Health Beliefs......Page 645
Media Coverage......Page 646
HCP Interventions......Page 647
Structural Interventions......Page 648
Parental Interventions......Page 649
Conclusions......Page 650
42. Pediatric Psychology and Primary Care......Page 655
Historical Context......Page 656
How Do Integrated Mental Health Primary Care Services Differ from Traditional Care?......Page 657
Opportunities for Pediatric Psychologists in Primary Care Settings......Page 658
Screening: Identifying and Monitoring Children with Developmental and Behavioral Problems......Page 659
Identifying Resources Available for Evaluation and Treatment......Page 660
Delivering Psychological Services in Nontraditional Ways......Page 661
Pediatricians’ Responses to Needs for Care of Children with Mental Health Concerns......Page 662
Training Pediatric Psychologists to Work in Primary Care......Page 664
Challenges to Collaborative Care......Page 665
Concluding Comments......Page 667
Part V - Systems......Page 672
43. An Overview of Systems in Pediatric Psychology Research and Practice......Page 674
Microsystems......Page 675
Exosystems......Page 676
Social-­Ecological Theory in Practice Settings......Page 677
Implications for Training and Research in Pediatric Psychology......Page 678
Summary......Page 679
44. Families and Other Systems in Pediatric Psychology......Page 681
A Social-­Ecological Framework Applied to Pediatric Psychology......Page 682
The Child......Page 683
Siblings......Page 684
Marital Relationships......Page 685
Families......Page 686
The Health Care System......Page 688
Family/Systems Assessments and Interventions in Pediatric Psychology......Page 689
Summary......Page 692
45. Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on the Peer Relationships of Children with Chronic Conditions......Page 697
Physical Restrictions......Page 698
Physical Appearance......Page 703
Cognitive Impairment......Page 704
Theoretical Models......Page 705
How Is Peer Functioning Assessed?......Page 706
What Do We Need to Know?......Page 708
46. Schools and Integration/Reintegration into Schools......Page 714
Educational Reform Efforts......Page 715
The Public Health Model and Positive Behavior Support......Page 716
Academic Functioning......Page 717
Monitoring Medication Effects......Page 718
Facilitating School Integration/Reintegration......Page 719
Nutrition Education and Physical Fitness Development......Page 720
Social and Emotional Development/Violence Prevention......Page 721
Promoting Sexual Health......Page 723
Conclusions......Page 724
47. Families’ Interactions with the Health Care System......Page 728
Interacting with the Health Care System......Page 729
Barriers to Care......Page 730
The Clinical Encounter......Page 732
Implementing the Care Plan......Page 733
Navigating the System......Page 735
The Clinical Encounter......Page 736
Future Research......Page 737
Implications for the Pediatric Psychologist’s Role......Page 739
Part VI - Emerging Issues......Page 744
48. Genetics and Genetic Testing......Page 746
Implications for Child and Family Health......Page 747
Genetic Testing......Page 748
Genetic Health Care......Page 749
Diabetes......Page 750
Heart Disease......Page 751
Cancer......Page 752
Other Medical Conditions......Page 753
Tobacco Use......Page 754
Cross-­Cutting Issues......Page 755
Conclusion......Page 756
Diagnostic Categories and Dimensional Definitions......Page 762
Clinical Neuroscience and the Description of Endophenotypes......Page 763
Brief Overview of Techniques......Page 764
Social Perception and Motivation......Page 766
Neural Connectivity......Page 768
Clinical Neuroscience Applications to Treatment of ASDs......Page 769
Attention-­Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder......Page 770
Response Inhibition......Page 771
The Dopamine System and Response to Stimulants......Page 772
Clinical Neuroscience Applications to Treatment of ADHD......Page 773
Summary......Page 774
Description of the Allergic Response......Page 780
Treatment......Page 781
Challenges for Children with Allergies and Their Families......Page 782
Role of Pediatric Psychologists in Treating Children with Allergies......Page 784
Future Directions......Page 785
51. Positive Psychology in Pediatric Psychology......Page 788
Positive Psychology and Adult Health Psychology......Page 789
Resilience in Children with Chronic Conditions......Page 790
Protective Factors for Children with Chronic Conditions......Page 791
Conclusions......Page 794
52. Individual and Organizational Collaborations......Page 799
Disciplinary, Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary, and Transdisciplinary: What Is the Difference?......Page 800
Clinical Collaboration......Page 801
Research Collaboration......Page 802
Organizational Collaboration......Page 804
Conclusions and Implications......Page 806
Index......Page 810