Handbook of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery

Handbook of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery......Page 1
Title Page......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Foreword......Page 17
Preface......Page 19
Acknowledgments......Page 21
Contributors......Page 23
Section 1 General Otolaryngology......Page 29
1.0 Approach to the Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Patient......Page 31
1.1 Diagnostic Imaging of the Head and Neck......Page 34
1.2 Hematology for the Otolaryngologist......Page 41
1.3 Obstructive Sleep Apnea......Page 48
1.4 Benign Oral and Odontogenic Disorders......Page 53
1.5 Temporomandibular Joint Disorders......Page 62
1.6 Geriatric Otolaryngology......Page 66
1.7 Lasers in Otolaryngology......Page 71
1.8 Complementary and Alternative Otolaryngologic Medicine......Page 75
Section 2 Perioperative Care and Anesthesia for the Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Patient......Page 79
2.0 Preoperative Assessment......Page 81
2.1 Airway Assessment and Management......Page 82
2.2.1 Principles of Anesthesia......Page 98
2.2.2 Regional Anesthesia Techniques......Page 101
2.2.3 Anesthesia Drugs......Page 104
2.2.4 Anesthetic Emergencies......Page 114
2.3 Fluids and Electrolytes......Page 117
2.4 Common Postoperative Problems......Page 119
Section 3 Otology and Neurotology......Page 127
3.0 Embryology and Anatomy of the Ear......Page 129
3.1.1 Sudden Hearing Loss......Page 136
3.1.2 Ear and Temporal Bone Trauma......Page 138
3.1.3 Acute Facial Paresis and Paralysis......Page 143
3.1.4 Ear Foreign Bodies......Page 148
3.2.1 Acute Otitis Media......Page 150
3.2.2 Chronic Otitis Media......Page 154
3.2.3 Complications of Acute and Chronic Otitis Media......Page 160
3.2.4 Cholesteatoma......Page 168
3.3.1 Uncomplicated Otitis Externa......Page 173
3.3.2 Malignant Otitis Externa......Page 177
3.4.1 Basic Audiologic Assessments......Page 182
3.4.2 Pediatric Audiologic Assessments......Page 187
3.4.3 Objective/Electrophysiologic Audiologic Assessments......Page 191
3.5.1 Conductive Hearing Loss......Page 193
3.5.2 Sensorineural Hearing Loss......Page 197
3.5.3 Hearing Aids......Page 202
3.5.4 Cochlear Implants......Page 205
3.5.5 Other Implantable Hearing Devices......Page 208
3.6.1 Balance Assessment......Page 210
3.6.2 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo......Page 214
3.6.3 Ménière’s Disease......Page 218
3.6.4 Vestibular Neuritis......Page 221
3.6.5 Migraine-Associated Vertigo......Page 224
3.7 Tinnitus......Page 228
3.8 Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors......Page 231
3.9 Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome......Page 238
3.10 Otologic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases......Page 241
Section 4 Rhinology......Page 247
4.0 Anatomy and Physiology of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses......Page 249
4.1.1 Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis......Page 252
4.1.2 Orbital Complications of Sinusitis......Page 256
4.1.3 Intracranial Complications of Sinusitis......Page 258
4.1.4 Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea......Page 261
4.1.5 Epistaxis......Page 265
4.2.1 Acute Rhinosinusitis......Page 269
4.2.2 Chronic Rhinosinusitis......Page 272
4.3.1 Nonallergic Rhinitis......Page 278
4.3.2 Allergy......Page 281
4.4 Inverted Papillomas......Page 284
4.5 Anosmia and Other Olfactory Disorders......Page 288
4.6 Taste Disorders......Page 290
4.7 Rhinologic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases......Page 292
Section 5 Laryngology and the Upper Aerodigestive Tract......Page 297
5.0 Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract......Page 299
5.1.1 Stridor......Page 305
5.1.2 Laryngeal Fractures......Page 308
5.1.3 Caustic Ingestion......Page 310
5.1.4 Laryngeal Infections......Page 313
5.2 Neurolaryngology......Page 317
5.3.1 Papillomatosis......Page 323
5.3.2 Vocal Fold Cysts, Nodules, and Polyps......Page 326
5.3.3 Vocal Fold Motion Impairment......Page 328
5.3.4 Voice Rehabilitation......Page 331
5.4.1 Zenker's Diverticulum......Page 335
5.4.2 Dysphagia......Page 338
5.4.3 Aspiration......Page 341
5.5 Acid Reflux Disorders......Page 346
5.6 Laryngeal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases......Page 349
Section 6 Head and Neck Surgery......Page 353
6.0 Anatomy of the Neck......Page 355
6.1.1 Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections of the Head and Neck......Page 358
6.1.2 Ludwig's Angina......Page 360
6.1.3 Deep Neck Infections......Page 362
6.1.4 Neck Trauma......Page 365
6.2 Approach to Neck Masses......Page 370
6.3 Head and Neck Cancer......Page 374
6.3.1 Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer......Page 380
6.3.2 Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer......Page 384
6.3.3 Sinonasal Cancer......Page 388
6.3.4 Nasopharyngeal Cancer......Page 393
6.3.5 Oral Cavity Cancer......Page 398
6.3.6 Oropharyngeal Cancer......Page 406
6.3.7 Human Papillomavirus and Head and Neck Cancer......Page 409
6.3.8 Cancer of Unknown Primary......Page 413
6.3.9 Hypopharyngeal Cancer......Page 416
6.3.10 Laryngeal Cancer......Page 420
6.3.11 Speech Options after Laryngectomy......Page 429
6.3.12 Referred Otalgia in Head and Neck Disease......Page 431
6.3.13 Neck Dissection......Page 434
6.3.14 Robotic-Assisted Head and Neck Surgery......Page 437
6.3.15.1 Basal Cell Carcinoma......Page 440
6.3.15.2 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma......Page 445
6.3.15.3 Melanomas of the Head, Face, and Neck......Page 451
6.3.16 Malignant Neoplasms of the Ear and Temporal Bone......Page 458
6.3.17 Lymphomas of the Head and Neck......Page 462
6.3.18 Idiopathic Midline Destructive Disease......Page 468
6.3.19 Paragangliomas of the Head and Neck......Page 470
6.3.20 Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors......Page 473
6.4.0 Embryology and Anatomy of the Salivary Glands......Page 475
6.4.1 Salivary Gland Disease......Page 480
6.4.2 Benign Salivary Gland Tumors......Page 484
6.4.3 Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors......Page 488
6.4.4 Sialendoscopy......Page 494
Section 7 Endocrine Surgery in Otolaryngology......Page 497
7.0 Embryology and Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland......Page 499
7.1 Physiology of the Thyroid Gland......Page 501
7.2 Thyroid Evaluation......Page 503
7.3 Thyroid Nodules and Cysts......Page 507
7.4 Hyperthyroidism......Page 511
7.5 Hypothyroidism......Page 515
7.6 Thyroid Storm......Page 519
7.7 Thyroiditis......Page 520
7.8 Thyroid Cancer......Page 524
7.9 Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Parathyroid Glands......Page 537
7.10 Hyperparathyroidism......Page 540
7.11 Hypoparathyroidism......Page 545
7.12 Calcium Disorders......Page 546
Section 8 Pediatric Otolaryngology......Page 551
8.1 Pediatric Airway Evaluation and Management......Page 553
8.2 Laryngomalacia......Page 557
8.3 Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis......Page 559
8.4 Laryngeal Clefts......Page 562
8.5 Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia......Page 565
8.6 Vascular Rings......Page 569
8.7 Subglottic Stenosis......Page 573
8.8 Pierre Robin's Sequence......Page 577
8.9 Genetics and Syndromes......Page 580
8.10.1 Adenotonsillitis......Page 588
8.10.2 Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy......Page 591
8.11 Congenital Nasal Obstruction......Page 595
8.12 Pediatric Hearing Loss......Page 599
8.13 Infectious Neck Masses in Children......Page 610
8.14 Hemangiomas, Vascular Malformations, and Lymphatic Malformations of the Head and Neck......Page 614
8.15 Branchial Cleft Cysts......Page 617
8.16 Congenital Midline Neck Masses......Page 621
8.17 Congenital Midline Nasal Masses......Page 624
8.18 Choanal Atresia......Page 627
8.19 Cleft Lip and Palate......Page 629
Section 9 Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery......Page 637
9.1.1 Nasal Fractures......Page 639
9.1.2 Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Fractures......Page 642
9.1.3 Zygomaticomaxillary and Orbital Fractures......Page 646
9.1.4 Frontal Sinus Fractures......Page 649
9.1.5 Midface Fractures......Page 652
9.1.6 Mandible Fractures......Page 656
9.1.7 Burns of the Head, Face, and Neck......Page 662
9.2 Facial Paralysis, Facial Reanimation, and Eye Care......Page 667
9.3.1 Skin Grafts......Page 676
9.3.2 Local Cutaneous Flaps for Facial Reconstruction......Page 679
9.3.3 Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer......Page 685
9.3.4 Bone and Cartilage Grafts......Page 689
9.3.5 Incision Planning and Scar Revision......Page 693
9.4.1 Neurotoxins, Fillers, and Implants......Page 697
9.4.2 Rhytidectomy......Page 702
9.4.3 Brow and Forehead Lifting......Page 705
9.4.4 Chemical Peels and Laser Skin Resurfacing......Page 710
9.4.5 Blepharoplasty......Page 715
9.4.6 Otoplasty......Page 720
9.4.7 Rhinoplasty......Page 723
9.4.8 Deviated Septum and Septoplasty......Page 728
9.4.9 Liposuction of the Head, Face, and Neck......Page 731
9.4.10 Hair Restoration......Page 733
A1 Bronchoscopy......Page 739
A2 Esophagoscopy......Page 740
A3 Rigid Direct Microscopic Laryngoscopy with or without Biopsy......Page 741
A4 Tonsillectomy......Page 743
A5 Adenoidectomy......Page 744
A6 Open Surgical Tracheotomy......Page 745
A7 Cricothyroidotomy......Page 746
Appendix B The Cranial Nerves......Page 749
Appendix C ENT Emergencies Requiring Immediate Diagnostic and/or Therapeutic Intervention......Page 761
Index......Page 763