Handbook of Neurosurgery

Cover......Page 1
Handbook of Neurosurgery 9e......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 8
Contributors......Page 9
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Abbreviations and Symbols......Page 14
Conventions......Page 26
Contents......Page 28
Part I Anatomy and Physiology......Page 65
1 Gross Anatomy, Cranial and Spine......Page 66
2 Vascular Anatomy......Page 84
3 Neurophysiology and Regional Brain Syndromes......Page 100
Part II General and Neurology......Page 117
4 Neuroanesthesia......Page 118
5 Sodium Homeostasis and Osmolality......Page 124
6 General Neurocritical Care......Page 141
7 Sedatives, Paralytics, Analgesics......Page 149
8 Endocrinology......Page 160
9 Hematology......Page 169
10 Neurology for Neurosurgeons......Page 191
11 Neurovascular Disorders and Neurotoxicology......Page 211
Part III Imaging and Diagnostics......Page 229
12 Plain Radiology and Contrast Agents......Page 230
13 Imaging and Angiography......Page 245
14 Electrodiagnostics......Page 255
Part IV Developmental Anomalies......Page 263
15 Primary Intracranial Anomalies......Page 264
16 Primary Spinal Anomalies......Page 282
17 Primary Craniospinal Anomalies......Page 294
Part V Coma and Brain Death......Page 313
18 Coma......Page 314
19 Brain Death and Organ Donation......Page 326
Part VI Infection......Page 335
20 Bacterial Infections of the Parenchyma and Meninges and Complex Infections......Page 336
21 Skull, Spine, and Post-Surgical Infections......Page 357
22 Other Nonbacterial Infections......Page 381
Part VII Hydrocephalus and
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)......Page 397
23 Cerebrospinal Fluid......Page 398
24 Hydrocephalus – General Aspects......Page 410
25 Treatment of Hydrocephalus......Page 433
Part VIII Seizures......Page 459
26 Seizure Classification and Anti-Convulsant Pharmacology......Page 460
27 Special Types of Seizures......Page 481
Part IX Pain......Page 495
28 Pain......Page 496
Part X Peripheral Nerves......Page 507
29 Peripheral Nerves......Page 508
30 Entrapment Neuropathies......Page 519
31 Non-Entrapment Peripheral Neuropathies......Page 546
Part XI Neurophthalmology and
Neurotology......Page 563
32 Neurophthalmology......Page 564
33 Neurotology......Page 580
Part XII Primary Tumors of the
Nervous and Related
Systems......Page 591
34 Primary Tumors – Classification and TumorMarkers......Page 593
35 Syndromes Involving Tumors......Page 610
36 Diffuse Astrocytic & Oligodendroglial Tumors......Page 620
37 Other Astrocytic Tumors......Page 646
38 Ependymal, Choroid Plexus, & Neuronal Tumors and Other Gliomas......Page 657
39 Pineal Region and Embryonal Tumors......Page 674
40 Tumors of Cranial, Spinal, and Peripheral Nerves......Page 685
41 Meningeal, Mesenchymal and Melanocytic Tumors......Page 709
42 Lymphomas, Histiocytic Tumors, Germ Cell Tumors & Tumors of the Sellar Region......Page 727
Part XIII Tumors of Non-Neural
Origin......Page 739
43 Pituitary Tumors – General Information and Classification......Page 741
44 Pituitary Adenomas – Evaluation and Nonsurgical Management......Page 752
45 Pituitary Adenomas – Surgical Management, Outcome, and Recurrence Management......Page 771
46 Esthesioneuroblastoma, Cysts & Tumor-Like Lesions......Page 782
47 Pseudotumor Cerebri and Empty Sella Syndrome......Page 796
48 Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Skull......Page 806
49 Tumors of the Spine and Spinal Cord......Page 815
50 Metastatic and Hematopoietic Tumors......Page 833
Part XIV Head Trauma......Page 859
51 Head Trauma – General Information, Grading, Initial Management......Page 860
52 Concussion, High-Altitude Cerebral Edema, Cerebrovascular Injuries......Page 878
53 Neuromonitoring in Head Trauma......Page 893
54 Skull Fractures......Page 919
55 Traumatic Hemorrhagic Conditions......Page 928
56 Gunshot Wounds and Non-Missile Penetrating Brain Injuries......Page 946
57 Pediatric Head Injury......Page 951
58 Head Injury – Long-Term Management, Complications, Outcome......Page 958
Part XV Spine Trauma......Page 969
59 Spine Injuries – General Information, Neurologic Assessment, Whiplash and Sports-Related Injuries, Pediatric Spine Injuries......Page 970
60 Management of Spinal Cord Injury......Page 989
61 Occipitoatlantoaxial Injuries (Occiput to C2)......Page 1002
62 Subaxial (C3 through C7) Injuries / Fractures......Page 1028
63 Thoracic, Lumbar and Sacral Spine Fractures......Page 1043
64 Penetrating Spine Injuries and Long Term Considerations of Spine Injuries......Page 1059
Part XVI Non-Traumatic Spine and
Spinal Cord Conditions......Page 1065
65 Low Back Pain and Radiculopathy......Page 1067
66 Lumbar and Thoracic Intervertebral Disc Herniation / Radiculopathy......Page 1089
67 Cervical Disc Herniation......Page 1117
68 Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease and Cervical Myelopathy......Page 1131
69 Thoracic and Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease......Page 1144
70 Adult Spinal Deformity and Degenerative Scoliosis......Page 1161
71 Special Conditions Affecting the Spine......Page 1173
72 Other Non-Spine Conditions with Spine Implications......Page 1196
73 Special Conditions Affecting the Spinal Cord......Page 1202
Part XVII Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
and Aneurysms......Page 1217
74 Aneurysms – Introduction, Grading, Special Conditions......Page 1218
75 Critical Care of Aneurysm Patients......Page 1232
76 SAH from Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture......Page 1253
77 Aneurysm Type by Location......Page 1272
78 Special Aneurysms and Non-Aneurysmal SAH......Page 1284
Part XVIII Vascular Malformations......Page 1301
79 Vascular Malformations......Page 1302
Part XIX Stroke and Occlusive
Cerebrovascular Disease......Page 1331
80 Stroke – General Information and Physiology......Page 1332
81 Evaluation and Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke......Page 1349
82 Special Conditions......Page 1372
83 Cerebral Arterial Dissections......Page 1396
Part XX Intracerebral Hemorrhage......Page 1403
84 Intracerebral Hemorrhage......Page 1404
Part XXI Outcome Assessment......Page 1437
85 Outcome Assessment......Page 1438
Part XXII Differential Diagnosis......Page 1443
86 Differential Diagnosis by Location or Radiographic Finding – Intracranial......Page 1444
87 Differential Diagnosis by Location or Radiographic Finding – Spine......Page 1471
88 Differential Diagnosis (DDx) by Signs and Symptoms – Primarily Intracranial......Page 1477
89 Differential Diagnosis (DDx) by Signs and Symptoms – Primarily Spine and Other......Page 1489
Part XXIII Procedures, Interventions,
Operations......Page 1507
90 Intraoperative Dyes, OR Equipment, Surgical Hemostasis & Bone Extenders......Page 1509
91 Craniotomies – General Information & Cortical Mapping......Page 1519
92 Posterior Fossa Craniotomies......Page 1527
93 Supratentorial Craniotomies......Page 1538
94 Approaches to the Lateral and Third Ventricles, Decompressive Craniectomies & Cranioplasty......Page 1547
95 Spine, Cervical......Page 1561
96 Spine, Thoracic and Lumbar......Page 1580
97 Miscellaneous Surgical Procedures......Page 1600
98 Functional Neurosurgery & Stereotactic Neurosurgery......Page 1625
99 Pain Procedures......Page 1663
100 Seizure Surgery......Page 1675
101 Radiation Therapy (XRT)......Page 1682
102 Endovascular Neurosurgery......Page 1696
Part XXIV Appendix......Page 1723
103 Quick Reference Tables and Figures......Page 1724
Index......Page 1733