Handbook of Molecular Chaperones: Roles, Structures and Mechanisms (Cell Biology Research Progress)

HANDBOOK OF MOLECULAR CHAPERONES: ROLES, STRUCTURES AND MECHANISMS......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
Abstract......Page 22
Introduction......Page 23
Thermodynamics of Protein Folding......Page 27
Kinetics of Protein Folding......Page 28
The ER......Page 29
Chemical Composition......Page 30
Redox Buffering of the ER......Page 31
ER Luminal Molecular Chaperones......Page 33
The HSP70 Class Molecular  Chaperones Bip and Lhs1p......Page 37
Structure and Function of the SBD and the NBD......Page 41
Communication between the SBD and NBD in BiP......Page 44
HSP40/DnaJ co-Chaperones for BiP......Page 45
Nucleotide Exchange Factors (NEFs)......Page 47
Regulation of BiP by Posttranslational Modification......Page 50
The HSP90 Class ER-Resident Molecular Chaperone GRP94......Page 53
Structure and Function of Calnexin and Calreticulin......Page 58
-Glucosidase II......Page 62
UGGT......Page 63
Exit from the Calnexin/Calreticulin Cycle......Page 64
Conclusion......Page 65
References......Page 66
Abstract......Page 100
Biogenesis of a Functional Nanomachine......Page 101
Secreted Substrate Cargo......Page 103
The Cytoplasmic Heat Shock Response......Page 104
Sec-Dependent Secretion and the Phage Shock Response......Page 105
Type III Chaperones – A Brief Introduction......Page 106
Class I Chaperones......Page 113
Miscellaneous Classes of Additional T3S Chaperones......Page 114
Class I Chaperone – Substrate Interactions......Page 116
Class II Chaperone – Substrate Interactions......Page 119
Other Chaperone – Substrate Interaction Classes......Page 120
Partioning Factors – Masking Substrate Interaction Domains......Page 121
Shielding the Membrane-Localization Domain of Effector Substrates......Page 123
Anti-Polymerization Factors......Page 124
T3S Chaperones Confer Substrate Secretion-Pathway Specificity......Page 125
Prioritizing Early Substrate Secretion – The Specificity Switch......Page 126
Creating Secretion Order Among Middle and Late Substrates –  T3S Chaperones and Beyond......Page 127
Coupling of Secretion with System Regulation......Page 128
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa T3SS......Page 129
Yersinia T3SS......Page 130
Chaperone-Independent N-Terminal Secretion Signals......Page 132
Substrate-Chaperone Recognition by the T3S Machinery......Page 134
T3S Chaperones for Protein Export  in Flagella Assembly......Page 135
Establishing Ordered Substrate Secretion......Page 136
Coordinating Gene Expression with Flagella Assembly......Page 137
Type IV Substrate Secretion......Page 139
Type VI Substrate Secretion......Page 140
Conclusion......Page 141
References......Page 142
Abstract......Page 170
Introduction......Page 171
Chaperones, Cancer and Proteomics......Page 173
Molecular Chaperones, Cardiovascular Disease and Proteomics......Page 177
Molecular Chaperones, Immunopathology and Proteomics......Page 182
Molecular Chaperones, Neuropathology and Proteomics......Page 185
Conclusion......Page 186
References......Page 187
Abstract......Page 200
The Twin Arginine Translocase (Tat) System......Page 201
Discovery of REMPs......Page 203
TMAO Reductase (TorD)......Page 204
Proposed TorD functions......Page 205
TorD interactions with TorA......Page 206
Other TorD substrates and binding partners......Page 207
TorD structure......Page 208
DMSO Reductase (DmsD)......Page 209
DmsD interactions with DmsA......Page 210
DmsD interactions with the Tat system and other proteins......Page 211
DmsD structure......Page 212
Cytoplasmic nitrate reductases (NarJ and NarW)......Page 214
Periplasmic nitrate reductase (NapD)......Page 215
Formate Dehydrogenase (FdhD, FdhE)......Page 216
Hydrogenase (HyaE HybE)......Page 217
Bioinformatics......Page 218
Structures......Page 219
Concluding Comments......Page 220
References......Page 221
Abstract......Page 230
1. Introduction......Page 231
2. Molecular Imaging......Page 232
Direct target imaging......Page 233
Pathway probes......Page 236
Cell labeling......Page 237
2.1.2. Indirect imaging approach......Page 238
2.2.2. Optical imaging......Page 240
2.2.4. Computed tomography......Page 241
2.2.5. Ultrasonography......Page 242
3. Role of Molecular Biology Research in Molecular Imaging......Page 243
3.1. Role in Development of Targeting Agents......Page 244
3.2. Role in Development of Animal Models of Disease......Page 247
3.3. Development of Peptide Based Molecular Imaging Agents......Page 248
4.1. Molecular Imaging in Diagnostics......Page 251
4.3. Molecular Imaging in Drug Development......Page 252
References......Page 253
Abstract......Page 262
Introduction......Page 263
Strains and Plasmids......Page 265
Preparation and Analysis of Cell Lysate Pellets......Page 266
Model Experiments with Insulin Fibrils......Page 267
Mass Spectrometry and Protein Identification......Page 268
Results......Page 269
References......Page 287
Abstract......Page 292
Introduction......Page 293
CyP40 Structure......Page 295
Interaction with Hsp90......Page 297
Role in Steroid Receptor Function......Page 298
Specific Functions......Page 299
Cyp40 and Cancer......Page 300
Other Interactors......Page 301
Other Substrates......Page 302
Future Prospects......Page 303
References......Page 305
Abstract......Page 314
Introduction......Page 315
Acanthamoebae......Page 316
Salinity Studies......Page 319
Electrophoresis and Western Blotting......Page 320
Constitutive Level of HSP70 in Cells......Page 321
Salinity and Thermal Stresses......Page 322
Constitutive Level of HSP70 in the Cells and Thermal Stresses......Page 323
Paramecium nephridiatum......Page 325
Tetrahymena pyriformis......Page 327
References......Page 330
Abstract......Page 334
Introduction......Page 335
Calreticulin and Calnexin......Page 336
ERp57......Page 339
ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD)......Page 340
The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)......Page 341
Protein Quality Control in the ER: Calreticulin/Calnexin Cycle......Page 343
References......Page 344
Abstract......Page 354
Introduction......Page 355
Discovery of HspB8, Tissue Distribution and Regulation of Expression......Page 357
Structure of HspB8 and Its Interaction with Other Small Heat Shock Proteins......Page 358
Chaperone-like activity of HspB8......Page 362
Probable involvement of HspB8 in regulation of protein degradation......Page 363
Effects of HspB8 on gene expression, carcinogenesis and apoptosis......Page 365
Probable involvement of HspB8 in immune response......Page 366
References......Page 367
Abstract......Page 374
Introduction......Page 375
Human Disease and Stress Proteins......Page 376
Molecular Structure of Human Alphab Crystallin – Archetype for sHSP and Stress Proteins......Page 378
Identification of Interactive Sequences  and the Function of sHSPS......Page 380
Exposed Surface Domains and Protective Interactions......Page 382
Synthesis and Functional Evaluation of Bioactive Peptides......Page 384
The Alphab Crystallin Peptide –  Amyloid Protein Complex......Page 385
Surface Accessible Interactive Domains and the Protective Mechanism of Human Alphab Crystallin......Page 388
Conclusion......Page 389
References......Page 390
Abstract......Page 398
Structure of CCT......Page 399
Mechanisms of Action......Page 401
CCT as a Component of Chaperone Networks......Page 402
A Question of Specificity: Substrate Diversity and Substrate Recognition......Page 404
1). Obligate CCT Substrates (Figure 3A)......Page 405
3). Components of Oligomers (Figure 3C)......Page 406
4). Regulatory Proteins......Page 407
CCT Function: Implications for a Wide Range of Cellular Events......Page 408
Conclusion......Page 409
References......Page 410
Abstract......Page 414
Hsp100/Clp Family......Page 415
Hsp90 Family......Page 416
Hsp70 Family......Page 417
Small Hsp Family(Smhsp)......Page 418
Abiotic Stress......Page 419
ER Stress in Rice......Page 421
References......Page 422
Abstract......Page 432
Biophysical and Structural Properties of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins......Page 433
Biological Function of IDPs......Page 434
Protein Chaperone Activity......Page 435
RNA Chaperones......Page 437
Chemically Induced Deactivation of Lysozyme......Page 438
Heat-Induced Aggregation of Firefly Luciferase......Page 440
Conclusions......Page 441
Janus Chaperone Activity of Ribosomal Proteins......Page 442
Specificity and Characteristics of IDP Chaperones......Page 443
Molecular Mechanism of Chaperone Activity......Page 444
References......Page 445
Abstract......Page 450
Introduction......Page 451
Experimental......Page 452
Tryptophan Fluorescence......Page 453
Thermal aggregation......Page 454
Photo-aggregation......Page 457
Chaperon complex of -crystallin with insulin......Page 458
Light Scattering......Page 460
Tryptophan fluorescence of -crystallin......Page 461
Fluorescence of ANS in insulin aggregates......Page 462
Fluorescence of ANS in the presence of -crystallin upon denaturation of insulin......Page 463
References......Page 464
Abstract......Page 466
2. Bicyclol: A Novel Anti-Hepatitis Drug......Page 467
3. Heat Shock Proteins......Page 468
4. The Relationship of Hepatic HSPs and Hepatoprotective Activity of Bicyclol......Page 469
4.1. Bicyclol Induces Hepatic HSP27 and HSP70 Expression in Protein and mRNA Levels in Mice......Page 470
5.1. Role in Protection against Acetaminophen Induced Liver Injury in Mice......Page 473
5.2. Role in Protecting against ConA-Induced Liver Injury in Mice......Page 474
6. Bicyclol-Induced HSP27 and HSP70 Inhibits NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation in ConA  Treated Mice......Page 476
7. The Role of Bicyclol-Induced HSP27 and HSP70 in the Regulation of Hepatocyte Apoptosis......Page 478
8. Conclusions and Perspective......Page 479
References......Page 480
Abstract......Page 484
The role of Hsps in plants......Page 485
Regulation of hsp expression......Page 486
Molecular chaperones......Page 487
Hsp70......Page 488
Mitochondrial and chloroplast Hsp70......Page 490
smHsps......Page 491
Hsp90......Page 492
Development of the thermotolerance......Page 493
Conclusion......Page 495
References......Page 496
Abstract......Page 500
Introduction......Page 501
High Conservatism is not a Common Feature of Hsp70 Gene Cluster in Different Drosophila Species......Page 502
Role of Mobile Elements in the Evolution of Hsp70 Gene Cluster in the virilis Group of Drosophila......Page 504
Role of Transposable Elements in the Regulation of Hsp70 Genes Expression......Page 505
Regulatory Regions of Heat Shock Genes Represent Hot Spots for Transposon Insertions......Page 506
Different Evolutionary Trends in the Regulation of Expression of the Hsp70 Cluster Providing Adaptation to Adverse Environmental Conditions......Page 508
Conclusion......Page 510
References......Page 513
Introduction......Page 518
Transportation Stress Experiments......Page 520
RNA Isolation and Northern Blot Analysis......Page 521
Hsp Response to Elevated Temperature in Homethermic Livestock......Page 522
Hsp Response to Transportation in Pig and Cattle......Page 524
Hsp Response to Food Restriction in Cattle......Page 525
Conclusions......Page 526
References......Page 527
Abstract......Page 532
Introduction......Page 533
Variable Phenotype with Mutation of CCT Subunits......Page 534
Variable Expression of CCT Subunits......Page 535
Variable Subcellular Localization of CCT Subunits......Page 536
Direct Evidence of Biologic Activity of Individual Subunits......Page 537
References......Page 539
Abstract......Page 542
Introduction......Page 543
Western-Blotting Assay......Page 544
Results and Discussion......Page 545
Acknowledgements......Page 549
References......Page 550
Index......Page 554