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ویرایش: 1 نویسندگان: Eduardo Jacob-Lopes (editor), Mariana Manzoni Maroneze (editor), Maria Isabel Queiroz (editor), Leila Queiroz Zepka (editor) سری: ISBN (شابک) : 0128185368, 9780128185360 ناشر: Academic Press سال نشر: 2020 تعداد صفحات: 897 زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 27 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Handbook of Microalgae-Based Processes and Products: Fundamentals and Advances in Energy, Food, Feed, Fertilizer, and Bioactive Compounds به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب کتابچه راهنمای فرآیندها و محصولات مبتنی بر ریزجلبک: مبانی و پیشرفتها در انرژی، غذا، خوراک، کود و ترکیبات زیست فعال نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
راهنمای فرآیندها و محصولات مبتنی بر ریزجلبک یک نمای کلی از تمام جنبههای مربوط به تولید و استفاده از منابع ریزجلبک در مقیاس تجاری ارائه میدهد. این کتاب که به چهار بخش (مبانی، فرآیندهای مبتنی بر ریزجلبک، محصولات مبتنی بر ریزجلبک، و رویکردهای مهندسی اعمال شده در فرآیندها و محصولات ریزجلبکی) تقسیم میشود، به بررسی میکروبیولوژی و جنبههای متابولیک ریزجلبکها، سیستمهای تولید میکروجلبک، تصفیه فاضلاب مبتنی بر ریزجلبکها، CO2 میپردازد. ضبط با استفاده از ریزجلبک، تکنیکهای برداشت ریزجلبک، و استخراج و خالصسازی مولکولهای زیستی از ریزجلبکها. بیشترین تعداد محصولات ریزجلبکی مرتبط تجاری، از جمله بیوگاز، بیودیزل، بیواتانول، بیوهیدروژن، پروتئین تک سلولی، روغن تک سلولی، کودهای زیستی، رنگدانه ها، اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع چندگانه، پروتئین های زیست فعال، پپتیدها و اسیدهای آمینه، پلی ساکاریدهای فعال زیستی، استرول ها، پلاستیک های زیستی، ترکیبات غربالگری UV و ترکیبات آلی فرار. علاوه بر این، ابزارهای مهندسی موجود به کار رفته در بیوتکنولوژی ریزجلبکها، مانند یکپارچهسازی فرآیند، تشدید فرآیند، و تجزیه و تحلیل فنی-اقتصادی اعمال شده در فرآیندها و محصولات ریزجلبکی، پالایشگاههای زیستی میکروجلبکی، ارزیابی چرخه حیات، و تحلیل اگزرژی فرآیندهای مبتنی بر ریزجلبکها را ارائه و مورد بحث قرار میدهد. و محصولات.
پوشش طیف وسیعی از فرآیندها و محصولات ریزجلبک بالقوه در یک جلد، این کتاب راهنما را به مرجعی ضروری برای محققان مهندسی در دانشگاه و صنعت در زمینههای انرژی زیستی، توسعه پایدار و بالا تبدیل میکند. - ارزش ترکیبات حاصل از زیست توده، و همچنین دانشجویان فارغ التحصیل در حال کاوش در آن مناطق. متخصصان مهندسی در صنایع مبتنی بر زیست نیز اطلاعات ارزشمندی را در هنگام برنامهریزی یا اجرای استفاده از فناوریهای ریزجلبکی در اینجا پیدا خواهند کرد.
The Handbook of Microalgae-based Processes and Products provides a complete overview of all aspects involved in the production and utilization of microalgae resources at commercial scale. Divided into four parts (fundamentals, microalgae-based processes, microalgae-based products, and engineering approaches applied to microalgal processes and products), the book explores the microbiology and metabolic aspects of microalgae, microalgal production systems, wastewater treatment based in microalgae, CO2 capture using microalgae, microalgae harvesting techniques, and extraction and purification of biomolecules from microalgae. It covers the largest number of microalgal products of commercial relevance, including biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, single-cell protein, single-cell oil, biofertilizers, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, bioactive proteins, peptides and amino acids, bioactive polysaccharides, sterols, bioplastics, UV-screening compounds, and volatile organic compounds. Moreover, it presents and discusses the available engineering tools applied to microalgae biotechnology, such as process integration, process intensification, and techno-economic analysis applied to microalgal processes and products, microalgal biorefineries, life cycle assessment, and exergy analysis of microalgae-based processes and products.
The coverage of a broad range of potential microalgae processes and products in a single volume makes this handbook an indispensable reference for engineering researchers in academia and industry in the fields of bioenergy, sustainable development, and high-value compounds from biomass, as well as graduate students exploring those areas. Engineering professionals in bio-based industries will also find valuable information here when planning or implementing the use of microalgal technologies.
Cover Handbook of Microalgae-Based Processes and Products: Fundamentals and Advances in Energy, Food, Feed, Fertilizer, and Bioactive Compounds Copyright Dedication Contributors Foreword by Michael A. Borowitzka Part 1: Fundamentals 1 Microalgae biotechnology: A brief introduction Introduction A brief history of everything Algae as human food Microalgae and seafood Nitrogen for sustainable agriculture Potential biofuels and other organic chemicals Carbon sequestration by microalgae Algae-based treatment of wastewaters Harmful algae Commercial production and processing of microalgal biomass Concluding remarks References 2 Morphophysiological, structural, and metabolic aspects of microalgae Introduction Morphological aspects of microalgae Cell ultrastructure of microalgae Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells General considerations on microalgae Prokaryotic microalgae (cyanobacteria) Eukaryotic microalgae The green algae (Chlorophyta/Charophyta) Euglenophyta Haptophyta Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) The diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) Eustigmatophyceae The red algae (Rhodophyta) Metabolic aspects of microalgae Photosynthetic metabolism Photosynthetic pigments Chlorophyll Carotenoids Phycobiliproteins Photosynthesis Respiration Nitrogen fixation Concluding remarks References 3 Microalgae culture collections, strain maintenance, and propagation Living biological collections The operation of microalgae culture collections Basic laboratory infrastructure Identification of cultures Propagation of cultures Conditions of keeping microalgae in culture collections Strain quality control and routine problems Cryopreservation of microalgae in culture collections Microalgae as models of organisms in genomics, proteomics, and GMO studies-The role of culture collections Some microalgae culture collections across the world Concluding remarks References 4 Synthetic biology applied to microalgae-based processes and products Introduction Aspects of synthetic biology Feasibility of microalgae for synthetic biology to produce various products Biofuels Various other bioactive products Challenges to developing microalgae as a chassis for synthetic biology Future perspective Conclusion Acknowledgments References Part 2: Microalgae-Based Processes 5 Photobioreactor design Chemical reactors versus photobioreactors The chemical reactor The photobioreactor Kinetics of photo-biosynthesis P-I charts Other kinetic models PSF Fluid dynamics relevance The effects of fluid dynamics on photosynthesis Photosynthesis and ordered mixing Ingenuity and inventiveness Advanced models Conclusions Acknowledgment References 6 Microalgae production systems Introduction Major factors on microalgae production Microalgae requirements Light Temperature pH/CO2 Dissolved oxygen Overall growth model Photobioreactor capacity Geometry Fluid-dynamic Mass transfer Heat transfer Photobioreactor types Raceway reactors Tubular reactors Other designs Flat panels Thin-layer reactors Future trends References 7 Wastewater treatment based in microalgae Introduction Wastewater treatment Microalgae for WW treatment Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus Heavy metal removal Elimination of colorants Elimination of emerging pollutants Conclusion References Further reading 8 Carbon dioxide capture and utilization using microalgae Introduction Photosynthesis and carbon dioxide fixation by microalgae The light reactions of photosynthesis CO2 fixation: The Calvin-Benson cycle and the CO2 concentrating mechanism Cultivation systems for CO2 capture using microalgae CO2 sources and physicochemical properties Strains Physicochemical aspects involved in CO2 capture by microalgae Light and nutrients Temperature pH Mixing Culture systems for CO2 capture with microalgae Carbon balances for evaluation of microalgae-based CO2 capture systems Gaseous carbon Dissolved carbon Carbon in biomass Strategies for CO2 capture improvement Genetic engineering and metabolic modifications for the improvement of CO2 capture Photobioreactors: Enhancing design for CO2 capture improvement Increasing mass transfer and reactor configurations Manipulation of bubble dynamics Modifying the liquid medium: Alkalinization and addition of adsorbent/absorbent materials Built-in materials for photobioreactors Hybrid photobioreactors Other bioreactor configurations Remarks and conclusion Acknowledgments References 9 Dewatering and drying of algal cultures Introduction Historic timeline of algal biomass production Conventional dewatering methods of algae processing Flocculation Centrifugation Filtration Gravity sedimentation Flotation Electrophoresis methods Conventional drying methods for algae processing Solar drying Convective drying Spray-drying Freeze-drying Other drying methods Latest trends in dewatering and drying of algae for commercialization Future perspective Conclusion References 10 Microalgae harvesting techniques Introduction Challenges in microalgal biomass harvesting Effective harvesting techniques for microalgal biomass recovery Harvesting methods Gravity sedimentation Flocculation Autoflocculation Chemical flocculation Bioflocculation Physical flocculation Flotation Dissolved air flotation Dispersed air flotation Electrolytic flotation Dispersed ozone flotation Centrifugation Filtration methods Selection of the most appropriate harvesting technique Research needs Conclusions Acknowledgments 11 Extraction of biomolecules from microalgae Introduction Extraction approaches for carotenoids Cell disruption Mechanical methods Bead milling High-pressure homogenization Ultrasonication Microwave Nonmechanical disruption methods Acid, alkali, osmotic shock, and ionic liquids Enzyme-based approaches Extraction methods Organic solvent extraction Supercritical fluid extraction Purification Biofuels production Biodiesel Lipid extraction Organic solvent Ionic liquids Supercritical fluid extraction Transesterification Bioethanol Pretreatment Hydrolysis and fermentation Bio-crude oil Pyrolysis HTL Future perspectives and conclusions Acknowledgment Part 3: Microalgae-Based Products 12 Biogas from microalgae Chapter outline Introduction Anaerobic digestion of microalgae Bacteria and archaea in the AD of microalgae Main drawbacks affecting AD of microalgae Complex cell walls Low C/N ratios Humidity of microalgal biomass Salinity AD of spent microalgae Nutrient and CO2 recycling: Toward a sustainable closed loop Biorefinery concept Conclusions 13 Biodiesel from microalgae Introduction Strains of microalgae for biodiesel production Lipid-rich microalgae as a biodiesel feedstock Cultivation of high lipid bearing microalgae Process parameters affecting microalgae cultivation Practical techniques for stimulating lipid production in microalgae Nutrient starvation Temperature stress Salinity induction Stress of pH Stress of heavy metals Light irradiation stress UV irradiance Genetically engineered strains of microalgae for biodiesel production Microalgae preparation for biodiesel production Harvesting microalgae Chemical flocculation Physical separation Ultrasonic sedimentation Drying microalgae Lipid extraction Microalgal biodiesel production Transesterification of microalgal lipids Supercritical alcohol transesterification for algal biodiesel production Process parameters of in situ supercritical transesterification of microalgal lipids Chemical composition of microalgal lipids Processing parameters Effect of water and FFAs in feedstock Summary and perspectives 14 Bioethanol production from microalgae Introduction Microalgae Bioethanol Bioethanol production from microalgal biomass Microalgae cultivation Harvesting and drying Pretreatments and saccharification Fermentation and distillation Conclusion 15 Biohydrogen from microalgae Introduction Pathways of hydrogen production from microalgae Biophotolysis Direct biophotolysis Indirect biophotolysis Enzymes involved in photobiological hydrogen production from microalgae [Fe-Fe] hydrogenase [Ni-Fe] bidirectional hydrogenase [Ni-Fe] uptake hydrogenase Nitrogenase Factors influencing photobiological hydrogen production from microalgae pH Temperature Light intensity Nutrient media Biohydrogen production using microalgal biomass as a feedstock in dark fermentation Dark fermentation process Microalgal biomass as a feedstock Pretreatment of microalgal biomass for hydrogen production Challenges and future perspectives of biohydrogen production from microalgae Conclusion Acknowledgment 16 Microalgae single cell oil Introduction Term definition A brief history of MSCO development Microalgae regarded as MSCOPS, their major fatty acid compositions and potential applications Potential application of MSCO as biofuel feedstock Potential application of MSCO in PUFA production Biosynthetic pathway for MSCO biosynthesis and its regulation Biosynthetic pathway for MSCO biosynthesis Regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic pathway for improved MSCO production by manipulating the environmental stre ... Cultivation system of microalgae for MSCO production Current market, challenges, and future prospects of MSCO Conclusions 17 Microalgal bio-fertilizers Introduction Microalgae as bio-fertilizer Nitrogen fixation Improving availability of phosphorus Improving physical properties of soil Reclamation of saline soil Plant growth promoters Microalgae-based bio-fertilizer Cultivation Open ponds and high-rate algal ponds (HRAP) Closed photo-bioreactors (PBRs) Harvesting Bulk harvesting Thickening Biomass valorization Microalgae cultivation in wastewater Integration of microalgae biomass production with wastewater treatment Conclusions References 18 Pigments from microalgae Introduction Industrial application of microalgal pigments Pharmaceutical use and prospecting Food and nutraceuticals Feed Other applications Pigments bioprocesses Phycocyanin β-Carotene Astaxanthin Lutein Economical interest and challenges Market size Constraints Prospects and solutions Acknowledgments References 19 Nutritional quality and bioactive properties of proteins and peptides from microalgae Introduction Microalgae proteins Microalgae protein extraction Microalgae cell lysis Bioactive peptides from microalgae Nutritional quality of microalgae proteins Microalgae amino acid profile Digestibility of microalgae proteins Protein utilization parameters Challenges and opportunities References 20 Bioactive polysaccharides from microalgae Chapter outline Introduction Structural diversity of polysaccharides from microalgae Processes production, extraction, and purification of EPS from microalgae and cyanobacteria Polysaccharides from microalgae as antiinfectious agents Antiviral activity of PS from microalgae and cyanobacteria Antibacterial activity of PS from microalgae and cyanobacteria Antifungal activities of PS from microalgae and cyanobacteria Bioactivity and structure-activity relationships Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging Anticancer activity Immunomodulatory activity Antiinflammatory activity Anticoagulant activity Antitussive activity Antilipidemic and antiglycemic activities Antiaging activity Future perspectives References 21 Sterols from microalgae Introduction Structural aspects of sterols Sterol biosynthesis Sterols Sterols in cyanobacteria Environmental influence on microalgae sterols production Sterols analysis Bioactivity of sterols Industrial sterol production Conclusion References 22 ``Bioplastics from microalgae´´-Polyhydroxyalkanoate production by cyanobacteria Introduction Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters as a potential remedy of today's plastic scenario General aspects about PHA biopolyesters Raw materials available for economic and sustainable PHA biopolyester production Cyanobacteria as PHA-producing cell factories General aspects of PHA biosynthesis by cyanobacteria Enzymatic background of PHA biosynthesis by cyanobacteria Factors affecting cyanobacterial PHA composition, production, and other storage compounds Composition of PHA produced by cyanobacteria Production and intracellular degradation conditions for PHA in cyanobacteria Other storage compounds produced by cyanobacteria in parallel with PHA biosynthesis Comparison of autotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of cyanobacteria Spirulina sp. under different carbon-supply regimes Nostoc sp. under different carbon-supply regimes Anabaena sp. under different carbon-supply regimes Synechocystis sp. under different carbon-supply regimes Aulosira sp. Extremophilic cyanobacterial PHA producers PHA production by thermophilic cyanobacteria PHA production by halophilic cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria cultivated at extreme pH conditions Mixed microbial culture cultivations Genetic engineering-A tool to boost PHA biosynthesis by cyanobacteria Production scales and production techniques for cyanobacterial PHA production Conclusion References 23 UV-screening from microalgae Chapter outline Introduction UV-induced skin problems UV-absorbing compounds from microalgae Carotenoids Mycosporine-like amino acids Scytonemin Industrial applications of UV screening from microalgae Conclusions References 24 Volatile organic compounds from microalgae Chapter outline Introduction Biosynthesis mechanism of volatile organic compounds in microalgae Environmental factors affecting VOCs production from microalgae Application of VOCs from microalgae Techniques for VOCs recovery Conclusions and future perspectives References 25 Microalgae as enzymes biofactories Chapter outline Introduction Microalgal enzymes Amylases Peroxidases Proteases Lipases Phytases Superoxide dismutases (SODs) Carbonic anhydrase Laccases Galactosidases l-asparaginase Final considerations References Part 4: Engineering Approaches Applied to Microalgal Processes and Products 26 Process integration applied to microalgae-based systems Introduction A general overview of microalgae-based processes and products Process integration fundamentals Energy integration Mass integration Water integration Environmental and economic indicators of microalgae integrated systems Life cycle assessment Economic outlooks Concluding remarks References Further reading 27 Process intensification applied to microalgae-based processes and products Introduction Process intensification at different phases of bulk production of microalgae Selection of microalgae strain Cultivation Harvesting Coagulation/flocculation Sedimentation Flotation Electrical base process Centrifugation Filtration Cell drying Cell disruption methods Bead milling High-pressure homogenization High-speed homogenization Ultrasonication Microwave Supercritical fluid extraction Biological extraction Pulsed electric field (PEF) Process intensification methods applied to different microalgae-based products Biodiesel Bioethanol Biohydrogen/biogas Process intensification in wastewater treatment using microalgae Process intensification in carbon dioxide capture using microalgae Process intensification in microalgal pigments extraction Single-cell protein for food application Conclusions Acknowledgments References 28 Microalgal biorefineries Introduction Biorefinery concept Microalgae-based biorefinery Wastewater treatment Carbon dioxide mitigation Biofuel generation Thermochemical conversion Biochemical conversion Transesterification Photosynthetic microbial fuel cell Valuable products obtained from microalgae Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates Pigments Carotenoids Chlorophylls Phycobiliproteins Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) Microalgae-based bioplastics Microalgae-based biofertilizers Examples of microalgae-based biorefinery Nannochloropsis sp. biorefinery Anabaena sp. biorefinery Chlorella vulgaris biorefineries Chlorella protothecoides biorefinery Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biorefinery Dunaliella salina biorefinery Dunaliella tertiolecta biorefinery Arthrospira (Spirulina) biorefinery Spirogyra sp. biorefinery Scenedesmus obliquus biorefinery Tetraselmis sp. biorefinery Conclusions Acknowledgments References 29 The bioeconomy of microalgae-based processes and products Chapter outline Introduction Algae bioeconomy and sustainability Algae products and circularity Supply chain characteristics Algae production and trade Conclusions References 30 Life cycle assessment of microalgae-based processes and products Introduction What is life cycle assessment (LCA) and in which respects can LCA be useful? Application of peer-reviewed life cycle assessment to microalgae-based products and processes Biofuels Biodiesel Hydrocarbons generated by B. braunii Microalgal fuels obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction Microalgal fuels produced by other high-temperature thermochemical processes Biojet fuel Biogas Hydrogen Applications in the food and feed sector Feed for aquaculture Proteins Cyanobacterial hydrolysate N-3 fatty acids Phycocyanin Other applications Fertilizer Extracted microalgal residue for polylactic acid (PLA) blends Wastewater treatment Conclusions References 31 Exergy analysis applied to microalgae-based processes and products Chapter outline Introduction Benefits of algae biofuel Basic algae biology Cultivation and harvesting technologies Cultivation systems Harvesting technologies Extraction technologies Current state of microalgae-feedstock biorefineries Products from algae Exergy analysis in microalgae-feedstock biorefineries Main concepts of exergy Exergy formulation Exergy applied to biomass processes Exergy analysis in a microalgae-feedstock biorefinery Case studies Case 1: Biodiesel production from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae through acid esterification and basic transesteri ... Case 2: Biodiesel production from C. vulgaris microalgae through a pretreatment with ZnCl2 and basic transesterif ... References Further reading 32 Scale-up of microalgae-based processes Chapter outline Basic microalgal metabolism Autotrophic production Heterotrophic production Mixotrophic production Physical processes in microalgal reactors Mixing Mass transfer in photobioreactors Measurement of kLa The outgassing method The continuous method Shear stress in photobioreactors Sensitivity to shear stress Light in photobioreactors Light path Translucency, transparency Materials for photobioreactor construction Enhancing light flux into photobioreactors The influence of discontinuous irradiation Scalability of cultivation systems Tubular photobioreactors Tube length Tube diameter Flat panels Height Depth Width Closely spaced flat panel photobioreactor Raceway ponds Area Depth Cascade flumes Scale and productivity Large diameter tubular reactor Small diameter tubular reactor Medium diameter tubular reactor Flat panel Tube length and diameter in tubular reactors Tube diameter Tube length References Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Z Back Cover