Handbook of Media Psychology: The Science and The Practice

Foreword
Reference
Media Psychology and Technology: An Overview
References
Contents
About the Editors
Chapter 1: A Brief History of Media Psychology (1.0)
	Author’s Reflections
	Making Media Psychology Legitimate: A Personal Journey
	The Association for Media Psychology
	AMP Morphs into APA’s Division 46
	Then Things in the Media Itself Began to Change
	The Internet and Beyond (Media Psychology 2.0)
	References
Chapter 2: Major Theories and Constructs in Media Psychology
	Introduction
	Cognitive and Affective Effects and Processes
		The Hypodermic Needle Theory
		Cultivation Theory
		Two-Step Flow Theory
		Agenda-Setting Theory
		Priming
		Framing
		Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT)
		Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT)
		Information Processing Theories
		Cognitive Load Theory
		Cognitive Dissonance Theory
		Selective Perception and Selective Attention Theories
		Mood Management Theory
	Theories of Persuasion and Attitude Change
		Heuristic-Systematic Model (HSM)
		Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
		General Aggression Model (GAM)
		Social Identity Theory (SIT)
		Social Influence
		Narrative Transportation
		Parasocial Relationships (PSR)
	Theories of Motivation
		Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
		Self Determination Theory (SDT)
		Flow Theory
	Commonly Studied Constructs in Media Psychology Research
		Addiction
		Aggression
		Body Image
		Depression and Anxiety
		Personality
		Self-Efficacy
		Self-Esteem
		Social Comparison
		Well-being
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3: Social Media and the Developing Brain
	Introduction
	Social Media and the Developing Brain
		The Developing Brain May Shape Social Media Experiences
		Social Media May Shape the Developing Brain
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 4: Political Advertising, Persuasion, and False News
	Introduction
		Confidence and Credibility of Media
	Key Media Effects Theories
	Information Pollution
		Truth Decay
		Prominent Disinformation Tactics
		Misinformation Amplification
		The Role of Algorithms
		Political Advertising
		Artificial Intelligence
	Strategies to Protect the Public from Information Pollution
		Interventions for Inoculation
	The Path Forward
	References
Chapter 5: Foundations in Media Psychology: Course and Curriculum
	Significance of Media Psychology
	Foundation Concepts and Theories in Media Psychology
	The Need for Scholars and Scholar-Practitioners
		Examining Neuropsychology and Media
		Distinctions in the Theory
	General Course Syllabus: Media Psychology and Social Change
		Example Catalog Course Description
		Course Learning Outcomes
		Expanded Sample Outline, Schedule, and Deadline Dates
		Required Reading: (A Textbook May or May Not Be Required)
		Recommended Selected and Optional Reading
		Articles by Luskin, Bernard
		Optional Article Titles
	Summary and Conclusions
	References
Chapter 6: Banned Books: Past, Present, and Future
	Introduction
	Book Banning: Historical Examples from Around the Globe
	Book Banning: Past and Present in the USA
	Research on Book Banning: Psychology and Related Disciplines
	Conclusions and Directions for Future Research
	References
Chapter 7: Ways that Audience Members Respond to Media: A Framework for Studying Audience Effects
	Parasocial Experiences
	Identification
	Transportation
	Social Responses of Audiences
	Parasocial Breakup
	Demographic and Social Factors that Influence the Way Audiences Respond to Media
	References
Chapter 8: The Impact of Online Pornography Consumption on Youth
	Online Pornography: Use, Motivations, and Compulsion Among Youth
	Theoretical Frameworks for Investigating the Effects of Pornography Use
	Implications of Youth’s Online Pornography Consumption
		Sexual Self-Development Outcomes
		Sexual Beliefs and Attitudes
	Sexual Behavior
	Pornography Use Outcomes in Couple Settings
		Outcomes of Problematic Pornography Use
	Challenges and Future Directions
	References
Chapter 9: Gender and Media
	Body Image in the Media
		Research Findings
		Implications for the Media and Providers
	Sexuality in the Media
		The Influence of Social Media on Sexuality
			Development of Sexuality
			Discrimination on Social Media
		Portrayal of Sexual Minorities on Television
		Implications for the Media and Practitioners
	Gender Violence in the Media
		Theoretical Frameworks
		Sexualization and Objectification of Women in Media
		Media Portrayal of Gender Violence
	Conclusions and Implications for the Media and Practitioners
	References
Chapter 10: Psychology and Popular Film
	The Influence of Films in Healing: Films in Psychotherapy
	The Influence of Films in Classrooms: Films as a Teaching Tool
	Racial and Ethnic Inclusion, Where Evolution Lies
	References
Chapter 11: Aggression and Popular Media: From Violence in Entertainment Media to News Coverage of Violence
	Introduction
	Media Violence and Aggression
		Film, Television, and Video Game Violence
	News Coverage of Violence
		Negative Affect
		Fear of Crime
		Desensitization
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 12: How Recognized Addiction Models and Our Relationships with Digital Media Intersect
	Introduction
		Internet Gaming Disorder/Gaming Disorder
		Addiction
		The Addiction Cycle: Means, Motive, and Opportunity
		Some Theoretical Bases
		Social Media and Online Gaming
		Assessment and Treatment
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 13: Apps and Care: Clinical and Societal Applications of Media
	Overview of Clinical Applications of Media
		Films in Clinical Practice
		Podcasts: A New Medium for Health Information
		Digital Media: Interactive and Informative
		Print Media: A Source of In-Depth Information
		Social Media
	There’s an App for That: Mobile Applications
		Social Media Apps
		Apps Focused on Mental Health Disorders
		Apps Focused on Neurodevelopmental Disorders
		Apps Focused on Special Medical Needs
		Artificial Intelligence
	Patient and Provider Privacy Concerns
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 14: Settling the Score: Virtual Reality as a Tool to Enhance Trauma-Focused Therapy for PTSD
	Introduction
	Virtual Reality Technology
	Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET)—Theory, Development, and Research
		Theory for VRET
		Theory Informed Development of the Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan and BRAVEMIND VR Systems
		VRET Research Summary
	Expansion of BRAVEMIND for Other Sources of Trauma
		Military Sexual Trauma
		Virtual Ukraine Project
	Conclusions
	Appendix—Video Links
		Original Images from Skip Rizzo’s Work
	References
Chapter 15: Ethical Issues in Media Psychology
	References
Chapter 16: The Impact of Misinformation, Conspiracy Theories, and Fake News during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Artificial Intelligence Can Contribute to Detect and Mitigate Their Proliferation
	Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Media
	Definitions of Health Misinformation, Conspiracy Theories, and Fake News
	Covid-19 Misinformation
	COVID-19 Vaccination Misinformation
	Conspiracy Theories and Misinformation
	Conspiracy Theories and COVID-19 Vaccination Misinformation
	Fake News and COVID-19
	Reviews Addressing Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as Potential Solutions to Curb Problems with Misinformation, Conspiracy Theories and Fake News
	AI Techniques in Detection of Misinformation, Conspiracy Theories, and Fake News
	AI Classification Methods
	AI Clustering Methods
	AI Prediction Methods
	AI Anomaly Methods
	Overview of AI Methods
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 17: Complex Dynamics of Cancel Culture in the Media
	Introduction
	How Do Brands Get Cancelled?
	The Gray Area: Getting Cancelled Versus Being Held Accountable
	Cancel Culture Is Timeless
		The Online Disinhibition Effect
		Who’s Who in the Dynamics of Cancel Culture
			The Target
			The Instigator
			The Trolls
			The Bystander
	Preventing Getting Canceled
		Device Intelligence
		Forgiveness
	Recovering and Moving On from Getting Canceled
		Look Within
		Evaluate Accuracy
		Uncover the Blind Spot
		Keep It Out of the Media
	Next Steps for Cancel Culture
	References
Chapter 18: Media and Psychological Science
	Possible Causes of Misinformation
		Something Posted in Jest
		Simplifying Technical Information for the Public Can Cause Information Distortion
		Using Sensational Titles and Positive Spinning
		Overselling and Overgeneralizing
	Some Advice from Sharon Begley on Reporting Science for Media
	Conclusions
	References
Index