Handbook of Materials for Product Design

Front Matter......Page 1
About the Editor......Page 3
Table of Contents......Page 4
Contributors......Page 9
Preface......Page 10
1.1 Introduction......Page 12
1.2 The Structure of Iron......Page 13
1.3 Steelmaking......Page 17
1.4 Carbon and Alloy Steels......Page 22
1.5 Selection of Alloy Steels......Page 40
1.6 Selection and Specification......Page 54
1.7 Welding Ferrous Metals......Page 72
1.8 Summary......Page 102
References......Page 103
2.1 Introduction......Page 104
2.2 Alloy and Temper Designation System......Page 108
2.3 Physical Properties......Page 130
2.4 Mechanical Properties......Page 144
2.5 Corrosion Resistance......Page 195
2.6 Product Forms......Page 210
2.7 Fabrication......Page 232
2.8 Joining......Page 241
2.9 Finishes......Page 265
2.10 Glossary......Page 277
References......Page 280
3.1 Introduction......Page 282
3.2 Basic Metallurgy......Page 285
3.3 Alloy Classification and Overview......Page 293
3.4 Properties......Page 297
3.5 Corrosion and Corrosion Resistance......Page 308
3.6 Alloys for Cryogenic Applications......Page 314
3.7 Titanium Alloys for High-Temperature Applications......Page 315
3.8 Casting Alloys......Page 322
3.9 Precipitate and Dispersoid Strengthened Alloys......Page 324
3.10 Wrought Alloy Processing......Page 325
References......Page 341
4.1 Introduction......Page 343
4.2 The Nature of Plastics......Page 348
4.3 Polymer Structures and Polymerization Reactions......Page 350
4.4 Plastic-Processing Methods and Design Guidelines......Page 352
4.5 Thermosetting Plastics......Page 360
4.6 Thermoplastics......Page 376
4.7 Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics......Page 417
4.8 Plastic Films and Tapes......Page 418
4.9 Plastic Surface Finishing......Page 420
4.10 Material Selection......Page 422
References......Page 448
5.1 Introduction......Page 451
5.2 Material Systems......Page 455
5.3 Ply Orientations, Symmetry, and Balance......Page 475
5.4 Quasi-isotropic Laminate......Page 481
5.5 Analysis......Page 482
5.6 Composite Failure and Design Allowables......Page 485
5.7 Composite Fabrication Techniques......Page 490
5.8 Analysis......Page 526
5.9 Design of Composite Structures......Page 528
5.10 Damage Tolerance......Page 535
5.11 Composite Repairs......Page 538
5.12 Adhesive Bonding and Mechanical Fastening......Page 541
5.13 Environmental Effects......Page 546
5.14 Composite Testing......Page 548
5.15 Safety Issues with Composite Materials......Page 553
References......Page 555
6.1 Historical......Page 559
6.2 Properties of Polymers......Page 561
6.3 General-Purpose Rubbers......Page 563
6.4 Specialty Rubbers......Page 565
6.5 Thermoplastic Elastomers......Page 567
6.6 Characterizing Heat and Oil Resistance......Page 568
6.7 Other Properties......Page 573
6.8 Compounding Rubber......Page 586
Suggested Readings......Page 589
6.10 Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs)......Page 593
6.11 Polyurethane Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPUs)......Page 603
6.12 Polyamides......Page 614
6.13 Melt Processable Rubber (MPR)......Page 616
6.14 Thermoplastic Vulcanizate (TPV)......Page 618
6.15 Synthetic Rubbers (SRs)......Page 625
6.16 Natural Rubber (NR)......Page 641
References......Page 643
7.1 Introduction......Page 646
7.2 Ceramic Fabrication......Page 648
7.3 Surface Properties of Ceramics......Page 651
7.4 Thermal Properties of Ceramic Materials......Page 654
7.5 Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Substrates......Page 659
7.6 Electrical Properties of Ceramics......Page 667
7.7 Metallization of Ceramic Substrates......Page 674
7.8 Ceramic Materials......Page 685
7.9 Composite Materials......Page 694
7.10 Forming Ceramics and Composites to Shape......Page 702
References......Page 705
8.1 Commercial Glass Families......Page 706
8.2 Special Glasses......Page 742
8.3 Glass Making I-Glass Melting......Page 787
8.4 Glass Making II-Glass Forming......Page 807
8.5 Annealing and Tempering......Page 824
8.6 Glass Fiber......Page 850
8.7 Optical Communications Fiber......Page 868
References......Page 875
Bibliography......Page 877
9.1 Introduction......Page 879
9.2 Environment and Safety......Page 883
9.3 Surface Preparation......Page 884
9.4 Coating Selection......Page 890
9.5 Coating Materials......Page 900
9.6 Application Methods......Page 919
9.7 Curing......Page 933
9.8 Summary......Page 936
References......Page 937
10.1 Fundamentals......Page 938
10.2 Metallic Finishes and Processes......Page 939
10.3 Aluminum Coatings......Page 942
10.4 Cadmium Coatings......Page 964
10.5 Chromium Coatings......Page 972
10.6 Copper Coatings......Page 981
10.7 Copper Alloy Coatings......Page 987
10.8 Tin and Tin Alloy Coatings......Page 991
10.9 Silver Coatings......Page 1000
References......Page 1003
11.1 Introduction......Page 1011
11.2 General Types of Plastic Materials......Page 1012
11.3 Types of Plastic Joining Processes......Page 1014
11.4 Direct Heat Welding......Page 1015
11.5 Indirect Heating Methods......Page 1030
11.6 Friction Welding......Page 1035
11.7 Solvent Cementing......Page 1047
11.8 Methods of Mechanical Joining......Page 1050
11.9 Recommended Assembly Processes for Common Plastics......Page 1060
11.10 More Information on Joining Plastics......Page 1071
References......Page 1072
12.1 Introduction to Adhesives......Page 1074
12.2 Design and Test of Adhesive Joints......Page 1088
12.3 Surface Preparation......Page 1105
12.4 Types of Adhesives......Page 1133
12.5 Selecting an Adhesive......Page 1155
12.6 Effect of the Environment......Page 1168
12.7 Processing and Quality Control of Adhesive Joints......Page 1180
References......Page 1192
13.1 Introduction......Page 1194
Typical Paint and Coating Test Program......Page 1199
13.2 Chemical Characterization......Page 1207
13.3 Thermal Analysis......Page 1217
13.4 Thermal Testing......Page 1225
13.5 Mechanical Testing......Page 1229
13.6 Miscellaneous Testing......Page 1237
References......Page 1247
14.1 Introduction......Page 1248
14.2 Collection of Materials for Recycling......Page 1265
14.3 Ferrous Metal Recycling......Page 1269
14.4 Aluminum Recycling......Page 1273
14.6 Glass Recycling......Page 1276
14.7 Paper Recycling......Page 1279
14.8 Plastics Recycling......Page 1297
14.9 Recycling of Rubber......Page 1344
14.10 Recycling of Textiles......Page 1345
14.11 Recycling of Wood......Page 1346
References......Page 1347
A......Page 1354
B......Page 1358
C......Page 1359
E......Page 1369
F......Page 1371
G......Page 1374
I......Page 1376
L......Page 1377
M......Page 1378
N......Page 1379
P......Page 1380
R......Page 1388
S......Page 1391
T......Page 1397
V......Page 1405
W......Page 1406
Z......Page 1408