Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy

Front Matter....Pages i-xxiii
Foundations of Confocal Scanned Imaging in Light Microscopy....Pages 1-17
Fundamental Limits in Confocal Microscopy....Pages 19-37
Quantitative Fluorescence Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)....Pages 39-53
The Pixilated Image....Pages 55-67
Laser Sources for Confocal Microscopy....Pages 69-97
Non-Laser Light Sources....Pages 99-109
Objective Lenses for Confocal Microscopy....Pages 111-126
The Specimen Illumination Path and Its Effect on Image Quality....Pages 127-137
The Intermediate Optical System of Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopes....Pages 139-154
Intermediate Optics in Nipkow Disk Microscopes....Pages 155-165
The Role of the Pinhole in Confocal Imaging System....Pages 167-182
Photon Detectors for Confocal Microscopy....Pages 183-196
The Collection, Processing, and Display of Digital Three-Dimensional Images of Biological Specimens....Pages 197-210
Visualization Systems for Multidimensional CLSM Images....Pages 211-254
Mapping and Measuring Surfaces Using Reflection Confocal Microscopy....Pages 255-266
Fluorophores for Confocal Microscopy....Pages 267-279
Image Contrast in Confocal Light Microscopy....Pages 281-310
Guiding Principles of Specimen Preservation for Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy....Pages 311-325
Confocal Microscopy of Living Cells....Pages 327-346
Lens Aberrations in Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy....Pages 347-354
Real-Time Stereo (3D) Confocal Microscopy....Pages 355-362
Signal-to-Noise in Confocal Microscopes....Pages 363-371
Comparison of Wide-Field/Deconvolution and Confocal Microscopy for 3D Imaging....Pages 373-387
Light Microscopic Images Reconstructed by Maximum Likelihood Deconvolution....Pages 389-402
Direct View Confocal Imaging Systems Using a Slit Aperture....Pages 403-415
Two New High-Resolution Confocal Fluorescence Microscopies (4Pi, Theta) with One- and Two-Photon Excitation....Pages 417-430
Optical Considerations at Ultraviolet Wavelengths in Confocal Microscopy....Pages 431-444
Two-Photon Molecular Excitation in Laser-Scanning Microscopy....Pages 445-458
Video-Rate Confocal Microscopy....Pages 459-478
Confocal Microscopy with Transmitted Light....Pages 479-490
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging, a New Tool in Confocal Microscopy....Pages 491-505
Imaging Immunogold Labels with Confocal Microscopy....Pages 507-513
Fiberoptics in Confocal Microscopy....Pages 515-523
Comparison of Various Optical Sectioning Methods....Pages 525-534
Mass Storage and Hard Copy....Pages 535-548
Tutorial on Practical Confocal Microscopy and Use of the Confocal Test Specimen....Pages 549-569
Bibliography of Confocal Microscopes....Pages 571-577
Back Matter....Pages 579-632