Handbook of African Philosophy of Difference (Handbooks in Philosophy)

Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Contributors
1 Africa and the Unfolding of Difference: An Introduction
	Conceptualizing Difference in African Thought
	Whites, Blacks, and Difference
	Other Key Issues
	Disability, Gender, and the Non-human Other
	Difference in Specific African Places
	References
Part I: Conceptualizing Difference in African Spaces
	2 Exploring African Philosophy of Difference
		Introduction
		Conceptualizing Difference
		African Accounts of Difference
		African Philosophy of Difference
			Ontological Questions
			Epistemological Questions
			Axiological/Moral Questions
		Conclusion
		References
	3 African Communitarianism and Difference
		Introduction
		Incompatibility Between African Values and Individual Difference
			Sources of Incompatibility
			Four Ways to Suppress Difference
		An African Ethic of Communion
		Compatibility Between the Afro-Communal Ethic and Difference
			Legal Coercion
			Unequal Opportunity
			Social Pressure
			Perceived Obligation
		Concluding Remarks: Unresolved Issues?
		References
Part II: Whites, Blacks, Racism, and Difference
	4 White´s Anti-black Racism and the Attitude of Tolerating Racial Differences
		Introduction
		On the Nature of Racism
		The Attitude of Tolerance Toward Racial Differences
		The Moral Value of Tolerance and Intolerance
		Conclusion
		References
	5 The Burden of Being a Black Philosopher in a White World
		Section I: Conceptual Analyses
			Eurocentrism
			Afrocentrism
			Psychosocial Investment
			The Black Hypothesis
		Section II: The Burden of Being a Black Philosopher
			How Should Kofi Respond to Eurocentrism?
			An Argument for the Black African Hypothesis
		Empirical Support for P2 via a Jurisprudential Interrogative Approach
			Mathematics and Logic
			Science and Metaphysics
			Egyptian Ethics and Its Application to Law and Politics
		Conclusion
		References
	6 Decolonization of the West, Desuperiorization of Thought, and Elative Ethics
		Introduction
		Mythology of the Colonized
		Decolonization of the West?
		Decolonization as Overcoming Violence
		Forced Anachronism and Forced Obscurity - Consequences of the Western Refusal to Decolonize Itself
		Untrustworthy Thought
		Superiority and Contempt
		Dangerous Thought
		The Practice of Decolonizing the West: Desuperiorization and Elative Ethics of Matters of the Heart
			Western Society Must Overcome Contempt
			Practice of Elative Ethics: Material Difference, Formal Identity
			Practically Adhering to Moral Values
		Conclusion
		References
	7 V.Y. Mudimbe´s Archaeological Reading of Africa´s Difference in Cultural History
		The Legacy of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Michel Foucault
		Representations of Africa´s Difference in Sixteenth-Century European Culture
		The Anthropological Critique of Foucault´s Account of Sixteenth-Century Culture
		The Limits of Foucault´s Model of the Other
		Foucault´s Archaeological Documentation of the Other
		The Blind Spots of Foucault´s Archaeology of Sixteenth-Century Culture
		The Limits of Mudimbe´s Archaeological Reading of Africa´s Difference
		Mudimbe´s Recuperation of Africa´s Identity and Difference
		References
	8 Toward a Postcolonial Universal Ontology
		Introduction: Knowing the Author
		Ontology and Difference
			Pre-colonial Conception of Alterity
			Colonial African Conception of Alterity
		Race and Difference
			The Logic of Race
			The Creation of Blackness
			Black Thought and Difference
		Toward a Postcolonial Universal Ontology
			The Postcolonial
			A Universal Responsibility
		References
	9 Alterity, African Modernity, and the Critique of Change
		Introduction
		Some Poetic Expression of Africa´s Forced Change
		The Conception of African Modernity as a Predicament
		African Modernity and Radical Differences
		Conclusion
		References
Part III: Ontological, Epistemological, Ethical, Linguistic, and Aesthetic Issues
	10 Enriching the Knowledge of the Other Through an Epistemology of Intercourse
		Introduction
		Theories of Representation
		The Cartesian Theory of Representation
		The Lockean Theory of Representation
		Hegel´s Epistemology
		The Theory of Knowledge as Intercourse
		Conclusion
		References
	11 African Arts and Difference
		Introduction
		The Importance of Signs and Symbols in African Cultures
		The Institutionalization of Difference with Signs and Symbols
		Names as Symbolic
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	12 Difference in African Educational Contexts
		Introduction
		Philosophy´s Hopeful Gaze
		Critical Theory as Eye-Opener
		Positionality: Focusing on Personal Preparation for Sensitivity to Difference
		Multiculturalism to Make Seeing Believing
		Conclusion
		References
	13 Intrinsic Versus Earned Worth in African Conception of Personhood
		Introduction
		Personhood, Intrinsic Worth, and Resulting Rights
		Earning Self-Worth and Pursuing Rights
			Melanin-Privileged Africans Versus Africans with Albinism
			White Privileged Persons Versus Black Persons
			African Men Versus African Women
		Conclusion
		References
	14 Justice and the Othered Minority
		Introduction
		Philosophizing the Notion of ``the Other´´ and ``Othering´´
		Othering and Human Peaceful Coexistence
		Justice and Othering
		African Communalism and Otherness
		Conclusion
		References
	15 To Be Is Not to Be Alone: Interrogating Exclusivism from an African Context
		Introduction
		The Social-Self and Its Mode of Existence in Africa and the World
		A Synopsis on Ibuanyidanda (Complementary) Ontology
		An Ibuanyidanda Critique of Exclusivism in a Heterogeneous and Interconnected World
		Conclusion
		References
	16 Suffering and the Encounter of the Other in African Spaces
		Introduction
		The Suffering of the Other in African Communities
		The Other as a Source of Suffering
		Hospitality and Our Moral Duty Toward the Other
		Conclusion
		References
	17 Pragmatics and Difference in the Social Othering of African Colonial Experience
		Introduction
		Pragmatics: Doing Things with Words
		The Syntax of the One, the Other, and Difference
		The African Experience
		Difference and the African Otherness
		Difference and the Pragmatic Othering of African Colonial Experience
		Conclusion
		References
	18 Language and Othering in African Contexts
		Introduction
		Language and the Stranger in an African Place
		Language and the Friend in an African Place
		Language and the Forming of Relations Among Africans in a Foreign Land
		Language and the Conceptualization of the Other in African Traditions
		Concluding Remarks
		References
Part IV: Disability, Gender, and Nonhuman Othering
	19 The Animal Other in Thaddeus Metz´s Modal Ubuntu Ethics
		Introduction
		The Recent Debate on Animals in African Ethics
		The Basis of Right Action: Promoting Shared Identity and Solidarity
		A Conception of Moral Status: Unequal Degrees in Beings
		Moral Modal-Relationism on the Moral Status of Animals
		Trade-Off Situations and the Moral Consideration of Animals
		Avoiding Extreme Moral Anthropocentrism?
		Speciesist? An Animal´s Capacity to Commune As Morally Irrelevant
		Conclusion
		References
	20 Personhood
		Introduction
		Women as Morally Deficient Beings
		Personhood
		Moral Accountability and Uniqueness
		The Uniqueness of Women
		Conclusion
		References
	21 Some Epistemological Issues in the Othering of Persons with Albinism in Africa
		Introduction
		African Theory of Knowledge and Elitist Virtue Epistemology
		The Epistemology of Ignorance
		Albinism, Bad Epistemic Practice, and the Well-Being of PWAS
		Conclusion
		References
	22 The Othering of Persons with Severe Cognitive Disabilities in Alexis Kagame´s Conceptualization of Personhood
		Kagame´s Conceptualization of Personhood
		Ableism as ``UnAfrican´´?
			Some Views of Disability in Africa
			A Theory Is Just a Theory
			But Theories Are Not Just Theories
			What´s Intersectionality Got To Do with Conceptions of Personhood?
		Conclusion: Toward an Inclusive Account of Personhood
		References
	23 Epistemic Injustice, Disability, and Queerness in African Cultures
		Introduction
		Conceptualizing Disability and Queerness in African Cultures
		Some Knowledge Claims About Disability and Queerness in African Cultures
		Discourse on African Epistemology
			African Epistemology as a Naturalized Epistemology
			African Epistemology as an Elitist Epistemology
			Knowledge as Shared or ``We´´ Enterprise
		Epistemic Injustice and Disability and Queerness in African Cultures
		Conclusion
		References
Part V: Difference and the Experience of the Other in Specific African Spaces
	24 The Stranger, Othering, and the Epistemology of Difference in African Space
		Introduction
		The Stranger: Western Conceptual Beginnings, African Spatial Realities
		The Other, Othering, and the Emergence of the Othered
		Othering and the Epistemology of Difference in Africa
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	25 Othering, Re-othering, and De-othering
		Introduction
		The Challenge of Othering
		Issakaba as a Case of Out-Group Identity Construction
		Re-othering: Are the Skolombo Fighting Back?
		A Conversational Proposal for Strategic De-othering
		Conclusion
		References
			Internet Sources
	26 The (Post-)colonial South African Present and the Meaning of Trauma for the Future
		Genealogy as Critique
		Traumdeutung: What´s in a Dream?
		From Oneiric Burning to Burning Rage
		Traumadeutung: Signs of Trauma?
		Victim or Agent?
		Genealogy as Cure
		References
	27 Class Identity, Xenophobia, and Xenophilia
		Deadly Xenophobia as a Socio-spatial Phenomenon
		(De)Valuing Cultural Capital in Xenophobia/Xenophilia
			Skin Color as Cultural Capital
			Linguistic Cultural Capital
		Borders and Translating Linguistic Cultural Capital
		``Cosmo´´-local CTZs, ``Coconuts,´´ and Global Culture
		Frontier Migrants and Socio-spatial Privilege in the CTZs of the Globalizing City
		Traversing the City: Migrant Experience Contrasted
		Conclusion: Xenophobia and Xenophilia as Dialectics
		References
	28 Seeing the Other in South Africa as a Promise
		The Other as a Threat
		The South African Public Imagination: 25 Years Post-Apartheid
		The Promise of the Other
		References
	29 Moral Good, the Self, and the M/other
		Introduction
		Moral Good for Self and Other
		Conversation with a Zulu Stranger
		When Other Is Like Self
		Embracing the Other as Self
		When the Other Becomes Self
		The Other Is Not Self
		References
	30 Creating the Other in the Context of Land Redistributions
		Introduction
		Land Redistribution as a Process of Decolonization
			Understanding Land Redistribution
			Understanding of Decolonization
		Land Redistribution as Common Good
			Understanding Common Good
				Values to Be Considered as Good
				Who Determines Common Good?
		The ``Othering´´ from Land Redistribution: Social Injustice and the Results of Thingifying
			Structural Injustice and Othering
			Land Redistributions: The Case of Zimbabwe
			Ending Thingification: The Importance of Democracy
		Conclusion
		References
Index