Handbook of aerospace electromagnetic compatibility

Content: Preface ix Acknowledgments xii List of Contributors xiii In Memoriam xiv 1 Introduction to E3 Models and Techniques in Aerospace Systems 1Ira Kohlberg 1.1 Introduction and Topics of Interest 1 1.2 Autonomous Systems 8 1.3 Coupled Air and Space Survivable Systems 30 1.4 EMC Considerations of Chaos 41 1.5 EMC Effects on and Technology for Aerospace Systems 52 References 73 2 Deterministic and Statistical EMC Models for Field-to-Wire Coupling and Crosstalk in Wire Harness 79Sergio Pignari 2.1 Introduction 79 2.2 DeterministicModeling 79 2.3 StatisticalModeling 99 References 115 3 HEMP Protection and Verification 121William D. Prather 3.1 Introduction 121 3.2 High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse 122 3.3 HEMP Coupling to Aircraft 129 3.4 Shielding and Shielding Topology 133 3.5 EM Protection Technology 135 3.6 System-Level Specifications and Measurements 137 3.7 Hardening Component Specifications and Measurements 169 3.8 Hardness Maintenance/Hardness Surveillance 180 3.9 Conclusion 182 References 183 4 HIRF and Lightning Effects and Testing 187Martin Gabrisak 4.1 Introduction 187 4.2 Coupling Analysis 190 4.3 HIRF Electromagnetic Environment and Its Effects 249 4.4 Electromagnetic Effects of Lightning 280 4.5 Precipitation Static (P-Static) 321 4.6 Lightning Effects and Protection in Aerospace 330 References 340 5 Techniques to Design Robust Lightning Protection Circuits for Avionics Equipment 347Dr. ClayMcCreary 5.1 Introduction 347 5.2 Clean Sheet Design 347 5.3 Evaluating and Hardening Existing Protection 368 5.4 Design Examples 372 5.5 Conclusion 378 References 378 6 Pyrotechnic Systems in Aerospace Applications 381Karen Burnham 6.1 Introduction 381 6.2 Component-Level Concerns 383 6.3 Vehicle-Level Concerns 390 6.4 Conclusion 404 References 404 7 Assembly-Level EMC Testing of Space Components/Subsystems 407Leslie R.Warboys 7.1 Preliminary Steps 407 7.2 Basic Testing Concepts 408 7.3 Commonly Performed Tests 409 7.4 Test Plan 410 7.5 Testing Sequence 414 References 444 8 System-Level Testing of Spacecraft 445JohannesWolf 8.1 Classification of System-Level Testing 445 8.2 System-Level Requirements Definition 452 8.3 Test Execution at the System Level 461 References 479 9 Subsystem EMC for Aircraft 483Paul Kay 9.1 Introduction: The Aim of Subsystem-Level Testing 483 9.2 Motivations for Testing: Safety of Flight and Success of Mission 486 9.3 Emissions Tests 492 9.4 Immunity Tests 511 9.5 Test Plans for Avionics Subsystems 524 Further Reading 535 10 EMI Effects in Flight Control Systems and Their Mitigations 537IrfanMajid 10.1 Introduction 538 10.2 Nature of EMI Experienced by Aerospace Vehicles 540 10.3 Reported Catastrophic EMI Occurrences in FCS 545 10.4 Anatomy of FBWFCS 548 10.5 Flight Management System 554 10.6 EMC Test Standards 556 10.7 EMC Test Methodologies of FCS 566 10.8 How EMI Couples to FCS 580 10.9 Modeling and Simulation 586 10.10 FCS of UAVs 590 10.11 Some Special Considerations for EMI Mitigation 593 References 598 11 EMC Considerations for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 603Paul Kay 11.1 Introduction 603 11.2 Small UAVs 605 11.3 Payloads 610 11.4 Small UAV Navigation and Control Systems 616 11.5 Electromagnetic Environment for Small UAVs 617 12 DC Magnetic Cleanliness Description for Spaceflight Programs 621Pablo S. Narvaez 12.1 Magnetic Cleanliness Introduction 621 12.2 Magnetic Cleanliness and Control Philosophy 622 12.3 Magnetics Cleanliness Program Description 623 12.4 Early Magnetic Cleanliness Involvement 626 12.5 Design Requirements and Practices 629 12.6 Magnetic Assessment and Control 632 12.7 Magnetic Control Design Practices 639 12.8 Test FacilitiesMeasurement and Methods 653 12.9 Analytical Determination of Magnetic Fields 671 13 Spacecraft Charging 673Robert C. Scully 13.1 Introduction 673 13.2 Historical Background 676 13.3 General Description of the Near-Earth Electromagnetic Environment 677 13.4 Introduction to Spacecraft Charging 689 13.5 Types of Spacecraft Charging 695 13.6 Potential Damage 697 13.7 Ways and Means of Protection/Mitigation 699 13.8 Concluding Material 701 References 701 Bibliography 703 14 Analysis and Simulations of Space Radiation-Induced Single-Event Effects and Transients 705Reinaldo J. Perez 14.1 Introduction 705 14.2 The Space Radiation Environment 706 14.3 Single-Event Effects 706 14.4 Single-Event Transient 708 14.5 Generation and Modeling a SET 710 14.6 Use of Upset Rates for Analyzing Vulnerabilities of Designs to SEE 713 14.7 Circuit Modeling of SETs 716 14.8 SETs in Digital Devices 718 14.9 SET-Induced Clock Jitter and False Clock Pulse 722 14.10 Designing Digital Circuits for SET Survivability 723 14.11 Crosstalk Noise from SET Events and Delay Effects 726 14.12 SET in Voltage Regulators 729 14.13 SET Propagation through Multiple Circuits 731 14.14 SET Hardening of Interconnects 733 14.15 Modeling Subsystem- and System-Level Effects from SET 733 14.16 Analyses and Protection for SET for Electronic Devices 737 14.17 SEE Testing of Spacecraft Hardware Electronics 741 14.18 Conclusions 743 References 744 Index 749