Handbook of advanced magnetic materials. 3, Advanced magnetic materials : fabrication and processing

Preface ......Page 5
Contents ......Page 9
List of Contributors ......Page 15
1.1 Introduction ......Page 17
1.2 HDDR Phenomena in Nd-Fe-B ......Page 19
1.2.2 Disproportionate in Nd2Fe14B ......Page 20
1.2.3 Recombination of Disproportionated Nd2FeuB ......Page 24
1.3 Anisotropy in HDDR Treated Nd-Fe-B Magnets ......Page 27
1.4.1 Sm2Fe17Nx Compound ......Page 37
1.4.2 ThMn12-type Compound ......Page 39
1.4.3 Nd3(Fe, Ti)29-Type Compound ......Page 40
References ......Page 41
2.1 Introduction ......Page 48
2.2.1 Isotropic NdFeB Powders ......Page 50
2.2.2 Lean Neo Isotropic Powders ......Page 54
2.2.3 Anisotropic NdFeB Powders for Bonded Magnets ......Page 55
2.2.4 SmCo Powder for Bonded Magnet Applications ......Page 56
2.2.5 Other Magnetic Powders ......Page 59
2.3.1 Bonded Magnets Produced by Compression Molding Process ......Page 60
2.3.2 Hot Compression Molding Process ......Page 65
2.3.3 Bonded Magnets Produced by Injection Molding Process ......Page 68
2.3.4 Bonded Magnets Produced by Extrusion Process ......Page 69
2.4 Polymers and Polymer Additives for Bonded Rare-Earth Magnets ......Page 71
2.5 Environmental Stability of Polymer Bonded Magnets ......Page 73
2.6 Summary ......Page 77
References ......Page 81
3.1 Introduction ......Page 85
3.2.1 Laser Characteristics ......Page 86
3.2.2 Lasers Available for Materials Processing ......Page 87
3.3 Laser Surface Treatment of Magnetic Thin Films ......Page 90
3.3.1 Precise Grain Size Control of Magnetic Thin Films ......Page 91
3.3.2 Alignment of Magnetic Grains by Laser Annealing ......Page 94
3.4 Interferometric Laser Lithography ......Page 95
3.4.1 Multi-Step ILL ......Page 96
3.4.2 Direct Patterning Using ILL ......Page 98
References ......Page 101
4.2 Basic Considerations on Processing Techniques ......Page 104
4.3 Preparation of Amorphous or Nanostructured Precursors ......Page 107
4.4 Transformation of Amorphous or Nanostructured Precursors ......Page 113
4.5 Direct Preparation of Nanocomposite Permanent Magnets ......Page 115
4.6 Effects of Additive Elements on Crystallization Behavior ......Page 116
4.6.1 Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B ......Page 117
4.6.2 Advanced Nanocomposite Permanent Magnets Based on Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B ......Page 119
4.6.3 cc-Fe/Nd2Fe14B ......Page 120
4.7.1 Magnetic Properties ......Page 122
4.7.2 Corrosion Behaviors ......Page 123
4.7.3 Magnetizability ......Page 124
4.8 Application Examples ......Page 125
4.9 Future Subjects ......Page 126
References ......Page 127
5.1 Introduction ......Page 131
5.2 Magnetic Properties: Magnetization Process ......Page 136
5.2.1 Amorphous Ribbons: Effect of the Composition and Applied Stress ......Page 137
5.2.2 Amorphous Wires: Large Barkhausen Effect ......Page 139
5.2.3 Nanocrystalline Materials: Coercivity ......Page 144
5.3 Processing: Induced Magnetic Anisotropy ......Page 148
5.3.1 Amorphous Metallic Alloys ......Page 151
5.3.2 Nanocrystalline Alloys ......Page 155
5.3.3 Induced Magnetic Anisotropy in Glass-Coated Amorphous Microwires ......Page 158
5.4.1 Amorphous Materials ......Page 161
5.4.2 Nanocrystalline Materials ......Page 167
5.5 Giant Magneto Impedance Effect ......Page 170
5.6 Sensor Applications ......Page 181
5.6.1 Magnetometers Using Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials ......Page 182
5.6.2 Magnetoelastic Sensors: Sensors Based on Magnetic Bistability ......Page 183
5.6.3 Sensors Based on Giant Magneto-Impedance Effect ......Page 188
References ......Page 190
6.1 Introduction ......Page 198
6.2 Ion Beam Sputtering ......Page 200
6.3 Samples Preparation and Characterization ......Page 201
6.4 Structural Properties ......Page 203
6.5.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ......Page 205
6.5.2 Room Temperature Static Magnetization ......Page 209
6.5.3 dc and ac SQUID Measurements ......Page 210
6.5.4 Ferromagnetic Resonance ......Page 216
6.6 Transport and Magnetotransport Properties ......Page 218
6.6.1 Electric Conduction in Zero Magnetic Field ......Page 219
6.6.2 Room Temperature Magnetoresistance ......Page 221
6.6.3 Influence of the Number of Bilayers on Resistive and Magnetoresistive Properties ......Page 223
6.6.4 Temperature Dependence of Magnetoresistance ......Page 225
6.7 Conclusions ......Page 228
References ......Page 229
7.1 Introduction ......Page 233
7.2 Preparation of Monodisperse Fine Ferromagnetic Metal Particles by Chemical Routes ......Page 234
7.2.1 Mechanism of Particle Formation ......Page 235
7.2.2 Control of the Morphological Characteristics of the Particles ......Page 236
7.3.1 Morphological Characteristics ......Page 242
7.3.2 Crystal Structure ......Page 248
7.3.3 Chemical Composition ......Page 250
7.3.4 Core-Shell Microstructure ......Page 253
7.3.5 Static Magnetic Properties ......Page 258
7.4.1 Theoretical Background ......Page 264
7.4.2 Magnetic Resonance in Polyol Made Particles ......Page 268
7.5 Conclusions and Perspectives ......Page 277
References ......Page 278
8.1 Introduction ......Page 283
8.2.1 Heusler Alloys ......Page 284
8.2.2 The Half-Metals ......Page 286
8.2.3 The Case of NiMnSb ......Page 288
8.3.2 PtMnSb/NiMnSb Multilayers ......Page 291
8.3.3 Polycrystalline NiMnSb Thin Films ......Page 292
8.3.4 Epitaxial Growth of NiMnSb ......Page 295
8.3.5 Surface Morphology of the Epitaxial Films ......Page 298
8.4.1 Hysteresis Cycles ......Page 302
8.4.2 Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy ......Page 303
8.4.3 NiMnSb Thin Film Resistivity ......Page 305
8.5.1 Overview of Magnetic Excitations in Half-Metals ......Page 306
8.5.2 Electrical Resistivity ......Page 308
8.5.3 Magnetoresistance ......Page 309
8.5.4 Hall Effect ......Page 310
8.5.5 Magnetization ......Page 313
References ......Page 314
9.1 Introduction ......Page 319
9.2.1 Melt-Spinning Technique Used for the Preparation of \"Bulk\" Amorphous Ribbons ......Page 322
9.2.3 Methods and Techniques Used for Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Bulk Amorphous Magnetic Alloys ......Page 324
9.3.1 Background ......Page 329
9.3.2 The Formation of the Amorphous Phase in (Fe, Co, Ni)70(Zr, Nb, M)10 B20(M = Zr, Ti, Ta, Mo) Systems ......Page 330
9.3.3 Electric Resistivity of Fe-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys ......Page 333
9.3.4 Magnetic Properties of (Fe, Co, Ni)70(Zr, Nb, M)10B20 Bulk Amorphous Alloys in the As-quenched State ......Page 335
9.3.5 Magnetic Properties of Fe-Zr-B-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys Versus Annealing ......Page 337
9.4.1 Background ......Page 340
9.4.2 Glass-Forming Ability in Nd-Fe-(AI, SOSystems ......Page 341
9.4.3 X-ray and Neutron Diffraction Experiments on Nd90-X Fex AI10-ySiy Bulk Metallic Alloys ......Page 343
9.4.4 Magnetic Properties of Nd9o-xFexAI10-ySiy Bulk Amorphous Alloys ......Page 348
9.4.5 Mossbauer Spectra ......Page 358
9.5.1 Soft Magnetic Bulk Amorphous Alloys ......Page 360
9.5.2 High-Coercivity Bulk Amorphous Alloys ......Page 361
References ......Page 365
Index ......Page 369