Gulf Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars, Volume 1

CONTENTS
......Page 6
FIGURES......Page 18
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 22
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: THE NEW BALANCING ACT IN THE GULF......Page 24
KEY FACTORS CHANGING GULF SECURITY DYNAMICS......Page 25
A Southern Gulf Divided against Itself......Page 27
The Self-Destructive North......Page 28
The Destabilizing Outside Stabilizers......Page 31
A FUTURE OF DISCORD AND DEPENDENCE?......Page 33
Islamic Extremism, Terrorism, and Insurgency......Page 34
Yemen at the Margins......Page 35
SECURITY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SOUTHERN GULF......Page 36
The Key Factors Shaping Southern Gulf Forces......Page 37
Key Issues in Force Development......Page 41
MILITARY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE NORTHERN GULF......Page 46
Broad Trends Affecting the Balance......Page 47
FIGURE 1.6: POPULATION GROWTH IN THE GULF, 1950–2050......Page 48
FIGURE 1.7: MAJOR MEASURES OF KEY COMBAT EQUIPMENT STRENGTH IN 2006......Page 49
FIGURE 1.10: TOTAL GULF MILITARY MANPOWER BY SERVICE, 2006......Page 52
FIGURE 1.12: TOTAL OPERATIONAL MAIN BATTLE TANKS IN ALL GULF FORCES, 1979–2006......Page 54
FIGURE 1.13: MEDIUM- TO HIGH-QUALITY MAIN BATTLE TANKS BY TYPE, 2006......Page 55
FIGURE 1.15: GULF OTHER ARMORED FIGHTING VEHICLES BY CATEGORY, 2006......Page 57
FIGURE 1.28: GULF NAVAL SHIPS BY CATEGORY, 2006......Page 71
The Threat of Asymmetric Warfare and Nonstate Actors......Page 79
The Vulnerability of Conventional Military Power......Page 84
Nonstate Actors as a Transnational Threat......Page 86
CHAPTER 2: BAHRAIN......Page 88
MILITARY MANPOWER......Page 91
Armor and Antiarmor Weapons......Page 94
Antiaircraft Weapons......Page 95
Combat Air Strength......Page 96
THE BAHRAINI NAVY......Page 98
FIGURE 2.5: BAHRAINI NAVY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 99
PARAMILITARY, SECURITY, AND INTELLIGENCE FORCES......Page 100
FIGURE 2.6: BAHRAINI PARAMILITARY FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 101
Socioeconomic Challenges......Page 103
Relations with Neighboring States......Page 104
Bahrain’s Struggle against Terrorism......Page 106
Ongoing Internal Stability......Page 107
Balancing Internal Security and Conventional Military Needs......Page 109
CHAPTER 3: KUWAIT......Page 110
MILITARY SPENDING AND ARMS IMPORTS......Page 112
FIGURE 3.2: KUWAIT’S NEW ARMS AGREEMENTS BY SUPPLIER, 1993–2004......Page 114
Force Structure......Page 115
Armor and Antiarmor Weapons......Page 117
Artillery......Page 118
THE KUWAITI AIR FORCE......Page 119
Overall Assessment......Page 121
FIGURE 3.5: KUWAITI AIR DEFENSE’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 122
THE KUWAITI NAVY......Page 123
FIGURE 3.6: KUWAITI NAVY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 124
FIGURE 3.7: KUWAITI COAST GUARD: FORCE STRUCTURE......Page 125
Main Security and Paramilitary Forces......Page 126
Kuwait’s Struggle against Terrorism......Page 129
KUWAIT’S CONTINUING STRATEGIC CHALLENGES......Page 133
Political Challenges......Page 134
Socioeconomic Challenges......Page 136
Relations with Neighboring States......Page 139
CHAPTER 4: OMAN......Page 142
OMAN’S EMERGENCE AS A STRATEGIC PLAYER IN THE GULF......Page 144
Internal Politics and Stability......Page 145
Economic Reform, Diversification, and Stability......Page 146
FIGURE 4.1: OMAN’S ARMS DELIVERIES BY SUPPLIER, 1993–2004......Page 147
FIGURE 4.2: OMAN’S NEW ARMS AGREEMENTS BY SUPPLIER, 1993–2004......Page 148
Armor and Antiarmor Weapons......Page 149
Overall Assessment......Page 152
Overall Assessment......Page 153
Amphibious Forces......Page 155
FIGURE 4.5: OMANI NAVY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 156
OMANI PARAMILITARY, SECURITY, AND INTELLIGENCE SERVICES......Page 157
FIGURE 4.8: OMANI ROYAL FLIGHT’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 159
Oman’s Struggle against Terrorism......Page 161
Economic Challenges and Diversification......Page 162
Oil and Stability......Page 163
FIGURE 4.10: OMAN’S DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, 2006......Page 164
Ongoing Internal Stability......Page 165
Balancing Internal Security and Conventional Military Needs......Page 166
CHAPTER 5: QATAR......Page 168
MAP 5.1: QATAR......Page 169
MILITARY MANPOWER......Page 170
THE QATARI ARMY......Page 171
THE QATARI AIR FORCE......Page 173
FIGURE 5.3: QATARI AIR DEFENSE’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 175
CONTINUING STRATEGIC CHALLENGES......Page 177
Qatar, Iran, and the North Field......Page 178
Qatar’s Uncertain Domestic Environment......Page 179
Qatar and Terrorism......Page 180
The Youth Explosion and the Radicalization of Qatar’s Youth......Page 182
CHAPTER 6: SAUDI ARABIA......Page 186
SAUDI STRATEGIC DYNAMICS......Page 188
The Search for Jointness......Page 191
Slow Improvement in Jointness in the Regular Services......Page 192
Establishing Broader Jointness for Counterterrorism......Page 193
The Importance of Consensus and Consultation......Page 194
SAUDI MILITARY AND SECURITY SPENDING......Page 196
Finding the Proper Level of Expenditure......Page 197
SAUDI ARMS IMPORTS......Page 199
The Impact of the Gulf War......Page 201
Arms Imports since the Late 1990s......Page 202
THE SAUDI ARMY......Page 204
Force Strength and Structure......Page 207
Saudi Armored Forces......Page 208
Saudi Antitank Weapons......Page 210
Saudi Light and Medium Air Defense Weapons......Page 211
Saudi Army Aviation......Page 212
Facilities and Infrastructure......Page 214
Overall Capabilities......Page 216
THE SAUDI NATIONAL GUARD......Page 217
Strength and Organization......Page 218
Modernization and New Mission Requirements......Page 220
Overall Capabilities......Page 221
Main Surface Combatants......Page 222
Smaller Combat Ships, Mine Warfare, and Support Forces......Page 225
Naval Aviation......Page 226
Saudi Border Guard......Page 227
Roles, Missions, and Capability......Page 228
THE SAUDI AIR FORCE......Page 229
Combat Aircraft......Page 230
Possible Upgrades to RSAF Combat Aircraft......Page 234
Upgrading the RSAF Tornados?......Page 235
The Eurofighter Typhoon......Page 236
Reconnaissance and Early Warning......Page 237
Refueling, Transport, and Support......Page 238
Overall Capabilities......Page 239
SAUDI LAND-BASED AIR DEFENSES......Page 240
FIGURE 6.7: SAUDI AIR DEFENSE’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 241
The Patriot and the I-Hawk......Page 242
Overall Capabilities......Page 243
SAUDI MISSILE FORCES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF SAUDI WMD......Page 244
Modernizing the CSS-2......Page 245
What Comes Next?......Page 248
SAUDI PARAMILITARY, SECURITY, AND INTELLIGENCE SERVICES......Page 250
The Pivotal Role of the Ministry of Interior......Page 251
The Police and Security Services......Page 253
The General Intelligence Presidency......Page 256
The Changing Role of the GIP......Page 257
The Future Role and Capabilities of the GIP......Page 258
Border and Coastal Security......Page 259
FIGURE 6.10: BORDER GUARDS APPREHENSION OF WEAPONS AND EXPLOSIVES, 1995–2003......Page 260
Saudi Border Guard Development Program......Page 261
The Judicial System and Internal Security......Page 263
The "Mutawwa’in" or Religious Police......Page 264
An Effective Internal Security Force?......Page 265
SAUDI ARABIA’S CONTINUING STRATEGIC CHALLENGES......Page 266
Saudi Internal Security before 9/11......Page 271
Saudi Response to 9/11......Page 272
Saudi Counterterrorism Efforts since May 2003......Page 274
Al Qa’ida in Saudi Arabia......Page 276
Saudi Petroleum Security Apparatus......Page 277
Asymmetric Threat to Energy Security......Page 278
Assessing the Saudi Security Forces’ Performance at Abqaiq......Page 279
The Uncertain Future of Iraq......Page 282
Iraq as a Conventional Military Threat to Its Neighbors?......Page 283
The Creation of a "Shi’ite Block" in the Gulf?......Page 284
Saudi Views on Iran’s Role in Iraq’s Internal Affairs......Page 286
The Threat from Foreign Fighters......Page 288
The Threat of a Fragmented Iraq?......Page 290
The Threat from Iran......Page 292
Key Iranian Threat......Page 293
Saudi Reaction to Iran’s Nuclear Program......Page 294
Collective Security and Relations with the GCC......Page 295
Counterterrorism Cooperation......Page 296
Socioeconomic Challenges......Page 298
Economic Reforms......Page 299
Addressing the Demographic Pressures and Unemployment......Page 302
Prospects for Saudi Stability......Page 304
CHAPTER 7: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES......Page 306
MILITARY SPENDING......Page 308
FIGURE 7.2: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES’ NEW ARMS AGREEMENTS BY SUPPLIER, 1993–2004......Page 310
Armor......Page 313
Artillery......Page 314
Air Defense Holdings......Page 315
Overall Assessment......Page 316
Helicopters......Page 317
Uncertain Strength and Capabilities......Page 320
Recent Developments and Acquisitions......Page 321
Summary Assessment......Page 322
FIGURE 7.5: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AIR DEFENSE’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 323
The Façade of Integration......Page 324
Ship Strength......Page 325
Naval Modernization......Page 327
PARAMILITARY, SECURITY, AND INTELLIGENCE SERVICES......Page 329
Political Uncertainty......Page 332
Iran and the United Arab Emirates......Page 333
The GCC and the United Arab Emirates......Page 334
Territorial Dispute with Saudi Arabia......Page 335
Economic Challenges......Page 336
Demographic Challenges......Page 337
IRAN’S CHANGING ROLE IN REGIONAL SECURITY......Page 362
MILITARY SPENDING AND ARMS IMPORTS......Page 365
THE IRANIAN ARMY......Page 367
Iranian Tank Strength......Page 368
Other Iranian Armor......Page 374
Iranian Antiarmor Weapons......Page 375
Iranian Artillery Strength......Page 376
Iranian Army Air Defense Systems......Page 379
Other Aspects of Iranian Army Capability......Page 380
IRGC Land Forces......Page 381
The IRGC Naval Forces......Page 382
The Quds (Qods) Forces......Page 383
Role in Iran’s Industries......Page 384
THE IRANIAN AIR FORCE......Page 385
Iranian Air Strength......Page 388
Iranian Aircraft Development......Page 389
Iranian Air Force Readiness and Effectiveness......Page 390
Iranian Land-Based Air Defense......Page 392
THE IRANIAN NAVY......Page 395
Iranian Antiship Missiles and Missile Craft......Page 397
Iranian Mine Warfare Capabilities......Page 400
Iranian Naval Air......Page 401
Iran’s Submarine Forces......Page 402
Naval Force Deployments......Page 404
IRAN’S WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD) PROGRAM......Page 405
Official Estimates of Iranian Capability......Page 406
NGO Estimates of Iranian Capability......Page 408
Biological Weapons......Page 409
Possible Early Indicators That Iran Might Have a BW Program......Page 410
Continuing Alarms and Excursions......Page 411
The Possible Role of Outside Suppliers......Page 412
Possible CBW War-Fighting Capability......Page 413
Possible Nuclear Weapons Programs......Page 416
Problems in Analyzing Iran’s WMD Program: A Case Study......Page 417
Uncertainty and Credibility of Sources......Page 419
Plutonium Production......Page 421
Uranium Enrichment......Page 422
A Continuing Process of Discovery......Page 430
IRAN’S LONG-RANGE MISSILE ARSENAL......Page 432
Shahab-1/SCUD-B......Page 434
Shahab-2/SCUD-C......Page 436
Missile Development......Page 438
Uncertain Performance......Page 440
Shahab-3A/3M/3D/IRIS......Page 443
Shahab-4......Page 444
Shahab-5 and Shahab-6......Page 445
Ghadr 101 and Ghadr 110......Page 446
Raduga KH-55 Granat/Kh-55/AS-15 Kent......Page 447
FIGURE 8.7: IRAN’S PARAMILITARY FORCES’ FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 448
The Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS)......Page 449
The Basij Resistance Force......Page 450
IRAN’S CONTINUING STRATEGIC CHALLENGES......Page 451
Economic Sanctions......Page 455
Military Strikes......Page 458
Iranian Defense against U.S. Strikes......Page 459
Iranian Retaliation against U.S. Strikes......Page 461
The Future of Iraq......Page 464
Other Challenges......Page 468
A PATTERN OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL VIOLENCE......Page 470
IRAQ’S STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE......Page 473
IRAQI MILITARY DEVELOPMENT......Page 475
Military Spending and Arms Imports......Page 479
Iraqi Military Manpower......Page 483
THE IRAQI ARMY......Page 485
FIGURE 9.5: GROWTH IN INDEPENDENT AND COMBINED COMBAT OPERATIONS (COMPANY LEVEL AND ABOVE)......Page 488
Support Forces......Page 490
THE IRAQI AIR FORCE......Page 491
FIGURE 9.6: IRAQI AIR FORCE CAPABILITIES AS OF AUGUST 2006......Page 493
FIGURE 9.7: IRAQI NAVAL CAPABILITIES AS OF AUGUST 2006......Page 495
The Ministry of Interior as a "Threat"......Page 496
FIGURE 9.8: THE MANPOWER OF IRAQ’S MINISTRY OF INTERIOR FORCES BEFORE THEIR MID-2006 REORGANIZATION......Page 498
FIGURE 9.9: MOI AND MOD FORCE LEVELS AS OF AUGUST 2006......Page 499
FIGURE 9.10: IRAQ’S ESTIMATED MOI NATIONAL POLICE FORCE CAPABILITIES BEFORE THE SPRING 2006 REORGANIZATION......Page 500
Steps toward Reform......Page 501
The Regular Police......Page 502
The "Year of the Police"......Page 503
Ongoing Reform......Page 504
Equipment and Training......Page 505
Facility Construction......Page 506
Coalition Border Transition Teams......Page 507
Uncertain Progress in Facilities......Page 508
The Facilities Protection Services......Page 509
The Infrastructure Protection Forces and Other Non-MOD/MOI Paramilitary Elements......Page 510
The Growing Level of Violence in Iraq......Page 512
The Dangers of Strategic Uncertainty......Page 514
Socioeconomic Challenges......Page 517
An Aging Energy Sector......Page 521
Political Conciliation vs. Civil War......Page 524
Insurgent Attacks Push Iraq toward More Intense Civil War......Page 527
The "Nationalist" Need for Compromise......Page 529
The "Islamist" Need for Civil War......Page 530
The Threat from Shi’ite Death Squads and Militias......Page 531
Links to the Iraqi Police and Special Security Forces......Page 532
Questionable Loyalties......Page 534
The Kurdish Question......Page 537
Tensions between the Kurds and Other Iraqis......Page 538
Uncertain Kurdish Unity......Page 541
The Problem of Resources and Oil......Page 542
Creating a "Shi’ite Crescent"?......Page 543
Jordan......Page 544
Turkey......Page 546
Iran......Page 547
Syria......Page 553
CHAPTER 10: YEMEN......Page 558
MILITARY SPENDING AND ARMS IMPORTS......Page 560
FIGURE 10.2: YEMEN’S NEW ARMS AGREEMENTS BY SUPPLIER, 1993–2004......Page 562
Armor and Antiarmor Weapons......Page 563
Antiaircraft Weapons......Page 567
THE YEMENI AIR FORCE......Page 568
Helicopters and Transport Aircraft......Page 570
Surface Combat Forces......Page 571
Overall Assessment......Page 574
FIGURE 10.7: YEMENI PARAMILITARY’S FORCE STRUCTURE TRENDS, 1990–2006......Page 575
Yemen’s Struggle against Terrorism......Page 576
Pattern of Attacks......Page 579
Political Unrest......Page 581
FIGURE 10.8: YEMEN’S DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, 2006......Page 582
Relations with Neighboring States......Page 584
Ongoing Internal Instability......Page 585
Balancing Internal Security and Conventional Military Needs......Page 588
CHAPTER 11: CONCLUSION: THE NEW BALANCING ACT IN THE GULF......Page 590
THE NEED FOR MORE EFFECTIVE SECURITY STRUCTURES......Page 591
TAKING RESPONSIBILITY VS. CONTINUING EXERCISES IN FUTILITY......Page 593
NOTES......Page 596
FIGURE 1.1: THE IRANIAN-IRAQI ARMS RACE DURING THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR, 1981–1988......Page 29
FIGURE 1.2: GULF MILITARY SPENDING, 1997–2005......Page 38
FIGURE 1.3: THE GULF ARMS RACE IN ARMS IMPORTS, 1997–2004 (IN MILLIONS OF CURRENT U.S. DOLLARS)......Page 39
FIGURE 1.4: GULF MILITARY FORCES, 2006......Page 42
FIGURE 1.5: A TRIGGER FOR MAJOR INCREASE IN MILITARY SPENDING AND ARMS TRANSFERS? THE RISE IN GULF OIL EXPORT EARNINGS, 1971–2007......Page 45
FIGURE 1.8: COMPARATIVE TRENDS IN GULF TOTAL ACTIVE MILITARY MANPOWER, 1979–2006......Page 50
FIGURE 1.9: TOTAL ACTIVE MILITARY MANPOWER IN ALL GULF FORCES, 1990–2006......Page 51
FIGURE 1.11: TOTAL GULF OPERATIONAL ARMORED FIGHTING VEHICLES, 2006......Page 53
FIGURE 1.14: TOTAL OPERATIONAL OTHER ARMORED VEHICLES (LT. TANKS, LAVS, AIFVS, APCS, AND RECCE) IN GULF FORCES, 1990–2006......Page 56
FIGURE 1.16: ARMORED INFANTRY FIGHTING VEHICLES, RECONNAISSANCE VEHICLES, LAVS, AND LIGHT TANKS BY TYPE, 2006......Page 58
FIGURE 1.17: ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIERS IN GULF ARMIES, 2006......Page 59
FIGURE 1.18: TOTAL OPERATIONAL SELF-PROPELLED AND TOWED TUBE ARTILLERY AND MULTIPLE ROCKET LAUNCHERS IN GULF FORCES, 1990–2006......Page 60
FIGURE 1.19: TOTAL OPERATIONAL GULF ARTILLERY WEAPONS, 2006......Page 61
FIGURE 1.20: GULF INVENTORY OF MULTIPLE ROCKET LAUNCHERS BY CALIBER, 2006......Page 62
FIGURE 1.21: TOTAL OPERATIONAL COMBAT AIRCRAFT IN ALL GULF FORCES, 1990–2006......Page 63
FIGURE 1.22: TOTAL GULF HOLDINGS OF COMBAT AIRCRAFT, 2006......Page 64
FIGURE 1.23: GULF HIGH- AND MEDIUM-QUALITY FIXED-WING FIGHTER, FIGHTER ATTACK, ATTACK, STRIKE, AND MULTIROLE COMBAT AIRCRAFT BY TYPE, 2006......Page 65
FIGURE 1.24: GULF RECONNAISSANCE AIRCRAFT, 2006......Page 66
FIGURE 1.25: SENSOR, AWACS, C4I, EW, AND ELINT AIRCRAFT, 2006......Page 67
FIGURE 1.26: GULF ATTACK, ANTISHIP, AND ASW HELICOPTERS, 2006......Page 68
FIGURE 1.27: GULF LAND-BASED AIR DEFENSE SYSTEMS, 2006......Page 69
FIGURE 1.29: GULF WARSHIPS WITH ANTISHIP MISSILES, 2006......Page 72
FIGURE 1.30: GULF MINE WARFARE SHIPS, 2006......Page 73
FIGURE 1.31: GULF AMPHIBIOUS WARFARE SHIPS, 2006......Page 74
FIGURE 1.32: GULF NAVAL AIRCRAFT AND HELICOPTER AIRCRAFT, 2006......Page 75
MAP 2.1: BAHRAIN......Page 89
FIGURE 2.2: BAHRAIN’S NEW ARMS AGREEMENTS BY SUPPLIER, 1993–2004......Page 92
FIGURE 2.3: BAHRAINI ARMY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 93
FIGURE 2.4: BAHRAINI AIR FORCE’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 97
FIGURE 2.7: BAHRAIN’S DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, 2006......Page 105
MAP 3.1: KUWAIT......Page 111
FIGURE 3.1: KUWAIT’S ARMS DELIVERIES BY SUPPLIER, 1993–2004......Page 113
FIGURE 3.3: KUWAITI ARMY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 116
FIGURE 3.4: KUWAITI AIR FORCE’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 120
FIGURE 3.8: KUWAITI PARAMILITARY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 127
FIGURE 3.9: KUWAIT’S DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, 2006......Page 137
MAP 4.1: OMAN......Page 143
FIGURE 4.3: OMANI ARMY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 150
FIGURE 4.4: OMANI AIR FORCE’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 154
FIGURE 4.7: OMANI ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 158
FIGURE 4.9: OMANI PARAMILITARY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 160
FIGURE 5.1: QATARI ARMY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 172
FIGURE 5.2: QATARI AIR FORCE’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 174
FIGURE 5.4: QATARI NAVY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 176
FIGURE 5.5: QATAR’S DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, 2006......Page 183
MAP 6.1: SAUDI ARABIA......Page 187
FIGURE 6.2: SAUDI ARABIA’S NEW ARMS AGREEMENTS BY SUPPLIER, 1993–2004......Page 200
FIGURE 6.3: SAUDI ARMY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 205
FIGURE 6.4: SAUDI NATIONAL GUARD’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 219
FIGURE 6.5: SAUDI NAVY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 223
FIGURE 6.6: SAUDI AIR FORCE’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 231
FIGURE 6.8: THE SAUDI INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY COMMUNITY......Page 252
FIGURE 6.9: SAUDI MINISTRY OF INTERIOR MANPOWER, 2006......Page 254
FIGURE 6.11: SAUDI ARABIAN BUDGET BALANCE, 1994–2006......Page 300
FIGURE 6.12: SAUDI’S DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, 2006......Page 303
MAP 7.1: THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES......Page 307
FIGURE 7.1: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES’ ARMS DELIVERIES BY SUPPLIER, 1993–2004......Page 309
FIGURE 7.3: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ARMY FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 311
FIGURE 7.4: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AIR FORCE’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 318
FIGURE 7.6: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES NAVY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 199–2006......Page 326
FIGURE 7.7: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES INTERNAL SECURITY’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 330
MAP 8.1: IRAN......Page 363
FIGURE 8.2: IRAN’S NEW ARMS AGREEMENTS BY SUPPLIER, 1993–2004......Page 366
FIGURE 8.3: IRANIAN ARMY’S FORCE STRUCTURE TRENDS, 1990–2006......Page 369
FIGURE 8.4: IRANIAN AIR FORCE’S FORCE STRUCTURE TRENDS, 1990–2006......Page 386
FIGURE 8.5: IRANIAN NAVY’S FORCE STRUCTURE TRENDS, 1990–2006......Page 396
FIGURE 8.6: ESTIMATED IRANIAN MISSILE PROFILES, 2006......Page 433
MAP 9.1: IRAQ......Page 474
FIGURE 9.1: IRAQ BEFORE THE GULF AND IRAQ WARS VS. MID-2006......Page 476
FIGURE 9.2: IRAQ’S MINISTRY OF DEFENSE FORCES’ ASSESSED CAPABILITIES......Page 486
FIGURE 9.4: IRAQI ARMY BATTALIONS IN COMBAT: AUGUST 2004 TO AUGUST 2006......Page 487
FIGURE 9.11: IRAQ’S DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, 2006......Page 519
MAP 10.1: YEMEN......Page 559
FIGURE 10.1: YEMEN’S ARMS DELIVERIES BY SUPPLIER, 1993–2004......Page 561
FIGURE 10.3: YEMENI ARMY’S FORCE STRUCTURE TRENDS, 1990–2006......Page 564
FIGURE 10.4: YEMENI AIR FORCE’S FORCE STRUCTURE, 1990–2006......Page 569
FIGURE 10.5: YEMENI AIR DEFENSE’S FORCE STRUCTURE TRENDS, 1990–2006......Page 572
FIGURE 10.6: YEMENI NAVY’S FORCE STRUCTURE TRENDS, 1990–2006......Page 573