Growth and Structuring

Front Matter....Pages I-XVII
1 Introduction to semiconductor quantum structures....Pages 1-3
2 Growth of quasi two-dimensional structures....Pages 4-18
3 Growth and preparation of quasi one-dimensional systems....Pages 19-24
4 Growth and preparation of quasi zero-dimensional structures....Pages 25-36
5.1 General remarks on group IV semiconductors and industrial needs....Pages 37-47
5.2 Layer growth by epitaxy....Pages 48-56
5.3 Quasi-two-dimensional systems (quantum wells)....Pages 57-69
5.4 One-dimensional systems (quantum wires)....Pages 70-74
5.5 Zero-dimensional systems (quantum dots)....Pages 75-88
6.1 Growth and preparation of quantum wells on GaAs substrates....Pages 89-95
6.2 Structuring and growth of quantum wires and nano-rods on GaAs....Pages 96-101
6.3 Growth and preparation of quantum dots and nano crystals on GaAs substrates....Pages 102-114
6.4.1 The role of substrates....Pages 115-117
6.4.2 Different growth techniques....Pages 118-119
6.4.3 Group III–nitride quantum wells....Pages 120-122
6.4.4 Group III–nitride based quantum wires....Pages 123-125
6.4.5 Group III–nitride based quantum dots....Pages 126-127
6.4.6 Devices based on group III–nitrides....Pages 128-129
6.5.1 Growth of GaInAs quantum wells on InP substrates....Pages 130-132
6.5.2 Lithographically defined nanowires....Pages 133-134
6.5.3 Growth and fabrication of InGaAsP nanowhiskers on InP and silicon substrates....Pages 135-136
6.5.4 Site-controlled fabrication of nanowhiskers on InP substrate....Pages 137-138
6.5.5 Epitaxial quantum dots grown on InP substrate....Pages 139-143
6.5.6 Growth of InAs quantum dashes....Pages 144-147
6.5.7 Site-selective growth of InAs quantum dots on InP....Pages 148-149
6.6 Growth of quantum wells and quantum dots on GaSb substrates....Pages 150-151
6.6.1 Growth of quantum wells in GaSb-based diode lasers....Pages 152-155
6.6.2 Growth of quantum wells in GaSb-based type-II diode lasers....Pages 156-157
6.6.3 Growth of quantum wells in GaSb-based quantum cascade laser structures....Pages 158-159
6.6.4 Growth of quantum wells in GaSb-based interband cascade lasers....Pages 160-162
6.6.5 Growth of quantum wells in GaSb-based superlattice detectors....Pages 163-166
6.6.6 Growth of quantum dots on GaSb....Pages 167-168
6.7 Growth and preparation of quantum dots and quantum wells on GaP substrates....Pages 169-176
6.8 Properties of III-V materials on Si substrate....Pages 177-181
6.9 Examples of III-V layers and nanostructures with diluted semiconductor materials....Pages 182-192
7 Examples for the growth of nano-structures based on IIB-VI compounds....Pages 193-195
7.1.1 Quantum wells and superlattices containing Hg....Pages 196-200
7.1.2 Quantum wells and superlattices based on CdTe and its alloys....Pages 201-207
7.1.3 Quantum wells and superlattices based on CdSe and its alloys....Pages 208-213
7.1.4 Quantum wells and superlattices based on CdS and its alloys....Pages 214-218
7.1.5 Quantum wells and superlattices based on ZnTe and its alloys....Pages 219-224
7.1.6 Quantum wells and superlattices based on ZnSe and its alloys....Pages 225-234
7.1.7 Quantum wells and superlattices based on ZnS and its alloys....Pages 235-236
7.1.8 Quantum wells and superlattices based on ZnO and its alloys....Pages 237-242
7.1.9 Quantum wells and superlattices containing diluted magnetic semiconductors in barrier and/or well....Pages 243-252
7.2.1 Quantum wires containing Hg....Pages 253-255
7.2.2 Quantum wires and nano rods based on CdTe and its alloys....Pages 256-259
7.2.3 Quantum wires and nano rods based on CdSe and its alloys....Pages 260-264
7.2.4 Quantum wires and nano rods based on CdS and its alloys....Pages 265-271
7.2.5 Quantum wires and nano rods based on ZnTe and its alloys....Pages 272-273
7.2.6 Quantum wires and nano rods based on ZnSe and its alloys....Pages 274-278
7.2.7 Quantum wires and nano rods based on ZnS and its alloys....Pages 279-283
7.2.8 Quantum wires and nano rods based on ZnO and its alloys....Pages 284-298
7.2.9 Quantum wires and nano rods of diluted magnetic semiconductors....Pages 299-303
7.3.1 Quantum dots and nano crystals containing Hg....Pages 304-305
7.3.2 Quantum dots and nano crystals based on CdTe and its alloys....Pages 306-309
7.3.3 Quantum dots and nano crystals based on CdSe and its alloys....Pages 310-317
7.3.4 Quantum dots and nano crystals based on CdS and its alloys....Pages 318-327
7.3.5 Quantum dots and nano crystals based on ZnTe and its alloys....Pages 328-329
7.3.6 Quantum dots and nano crystals based on ZnSe and its alloys....Pages 330-334
7.3.7 Quantum dots and nano crystals based on ZnS and its alloys....Pages 335-338
7.3.8 Quantum dots and nano crystals based on ZnO and its alloys....Pages 339-347
7.3.9 Quantum dots and nano crystals of diluted magnetic semiconductors....Pages 348-351
7.4.1 Self-assembled quantum dots: Introduction....Pages 352-354
7.4.2 CdSe/ZnSe quantum dots....Pages 355-360
7.4.3 CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots....Pages 361-363
7.4.4 Diluted magnetic II-VI quantum dots....Pages 364-366
7.4.5 Other II-VI heterosystems....Pages 367-369
8.1 Examples for I-VII semiconductor compounds: General properties....Pages 370-372
8.2 Quantum-well structures....Pages 373-383
8.3 Quantum dots....Pages 384-414
9.1 IV-VI semiconductors: General properties....Pages 415-421
9.2 Band-gap engineering by alloying....Pages 422-424
9.2.1 Pseudo-binary IV-VI alloys....Pages 425-426
9.2.2 Higher-band-gap alloys....Pages 427-429
9.3.1 Molecular beam epitaxy....Pages 430-434
9.3.2 Other epitaxial growth techniques....Pages 435-436
9.3.3 Substrate materials....Pages 437-438
9.3.4 Growth on BaF2 (111)....Pages 439-442
9.3.5 Growth on IV-VI substrates....Pages 443-445
9.3.6 Growth on KCl and NaCl....Pages 446-447
9.3.7 Growth on silicon....Pages 448-450
9.3.8 Growth on GaAs and CdTe....Pages 451-453
9.3.9 Doping....Pages 454-455
9.4.1 Growth and material systems....Pages 456-461
9.4.2 Structural properties....Pages 462-465
9.4.3 Theoretical description of confined states....Pages 466-472
9.4.4 Spectroscopic investigations of IV-VI quantum-well systems....Pages 473-479
9.4.5 Specific results for different material systems....Pages 480-492
9.4.6 Transport in 2D structures....Pages 493-495
9.5.1 Fabrication: lithography and nanowire growth....Pages 496-497
9.5.2 Transport in 1D structures....Pages 498-500
9.6 Self-assembled Stranski-Krastanow quantum dots....Pages 501-502
9.6.1 Growth of self-assembled lead-salt quantum dots....Pages 503-506
9.6.2 Ordering and stacking in quantum-dot superlattices....Pages 507-513
9.6.3 Ordering mechanisms....Pages 514-520
9.6.4 Optical and electronic properties....Pages 521-523
9.7 Quantum dots by phase separation and nanoprecipitation....Pages 524-526
9.7.1 Structural properties....Pages 527-528
9.7.2 Size control....Pages 529-530
9.7.3 Emission properties....Pages 531-534
9.7.4 Electroluminescence....Pages 535-537
9.8 Optoelectronic device applications....Pages 538-540
9.8.1 Mid-infrared diode lasers....Pages 541-546
9.8.2 Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers....Pages 547-552
9.8.3 Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers....Pages 553-555
9.8.4 Microdisk lasers....Pages 556-557
9.9 Thermoelectric devices....Pages 558-561
10 Conclusion and Outlook....Pages 562-562