Groundwater Quality: Assessment and Environmental Impact

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Arsenic in Groundwater: Occurrences, Implications  and Mitigation Strategies
	Abstract
	Introduction
		Global Scenario
		Indian Sub-Continent Scenario
		Forms of Arsenic and Their Mobilization
		Geochemistry of Arsenic
	Sources of Arsenic
	Arsenic in the Environment
	Arsenic in Consolidated  and Unconsolidated Formations
		Arsenic in Consolidated Formations
			Case Study of Chhattisgarh State, India
		As in Unconsolidated Formations
		Arsenic Issues in Agriculture and Irrigation
	Experimental Artificial Recharge Studies
		Dilution Study
		Impact of Pumping
	Isotope Studies
		Case Study in Bengal Delta
		Surface Water
		Groundwater Samples
	Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Occurrences
	Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation in Various Hydrogeological Terrains
		Generation of Arsenic Sludge
		Techniques for Arsenic Sludge Disposal
		Geomelt Technique
			Ex-Situ Remediation
			In-Situ Remediation
	Socio-Economic Survey on Implications of  High Arsenic on Human and Crop Health
		A Case Study in Bengal Delta
		Health Surveillance
	Recommendations for Future Research  and Sustainable Mitigation Strategies
		General Perspectives of Arsenic Remediation
			Recommendations
		Source, Genesis, Migration/Ground Water Security
			Recommendations
		Arsenic in Food Chain and Food Safety
			Recommendations
		Technology/Mitigation Options-I
			Recommendations
		Technology Options/Mitigation Options-II
			Recommendations
		Socio-Economic and Health Issues and Communication Strategies
			Recommendations
		Human Health Risk and Impact of Arsenic Exposure  from Groundwater
			Recommendations
		Industry Related Presentations on Technology Options
			Recommendations
		Monitoring, Surveillance, and Risk Management
			Recommendations
		Policies and Implementation Strategies for Arsenic
			Policies
			Implementation Strategies
		Source, Monitoring, Surveillance, and Risk Management
			Recommendations
		Health and Food Chain
			Recommendations
		Socio-Economic Issues and Communication Strategies
			Recommendations
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 2
Groundwater Quality in the Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh: Assessment and Environmental Impact
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Geological Setting of Dhaka
	3. Climate of Dhaka
	4. Hydrogeological Setting of Dipu Tila Aquifer
	5. Trends in Groundwater Levels,  Water Quality and Pollution
		5.1. Significance of Falling Groundwater Levels  in the Dipu Tila Aquifer
		5.2. Groundwater Quality
		5.3. Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Dipu Tila Aquifer
			5.3.1. Leathering Processing and Its Impact on Groundwater
			5.3.2. Textile Manufacturing and Its Impact on Groundwater
			5.3.3. Brick Manufacturing and Its Impact on Groundwater
			5.3.4. Faecal Contamination of Groundwater
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
	Biographical Sketch
Chapter 3
From Rainwater to Groundwater Chemistry. Case Study:  Mt. Cameroon Area
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Materials and Methods
		2.1. Description of the Study Area
			2.1.1. Location of the Study Area
			2.1.2. Geology of the Study Area
			2.1.3. Climate
			2.1.4. Hydrogeology
		2.2. Sampling and Analytical Methods
	3. Results and Discussion
		3.1. Physical Characteristics
		3.2. Chemical Characteristics
			3.2.1. Cations
			3.2.2. Anions
				3.2.2.1. Cations
				3.2.2.2. Anions
		3.3. Origin of Major Ions
			3.3.1. Correlation Factors
			3.3.2. Correlation Analysis
		3.4. Hydrochemistry
			3.4.1. Hydrochemical Facies
			3.4.2. Mechanisms Controlling Water Chemistry
			3.4.3. Hydrochemical Evolution
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4
High Exposure Dose of Fluoride Owing to Risk of Fluorosis  in Inhabitants of Sareni Block Located at the Ganga River Basin Uttar Pradesh (India)
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Materials and Methods
		Study Area
		Sample Collection and Analysis
		Statistical Analysis
		Exposure Dose Assessment of Fluoride and Water Intake
		Quality Control and Quality Assurance
	Results and Discussion
		Evaluation for Drinking Water Quality
		Fluoride Contamination
		Statistical Analysis
		Fluoride Exposure Dose Assessment from Drinking Water
	Preventive Measures
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Index
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