Green Materials and Advanced Manufacturing Technology: Concepts and Applications

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 Parametric Optimization of Surface Roughness and Surface Temperature during Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) and Conventional Flood Lubrication Techniques in Surface Grinding of Mild Steel: A Performance Comparison and Analysis
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Materials and Experimental Setup
		1.2.1 Dry Grinding Operation
		1.2.2 Flood Grinding Operation
		1.2.3 MQL Grinding Operation
			1.2.3.1 MQL Grinding with Both Nozzles Same Side [MQL(BNSS)]
			1.2.3.2 MQL Grinding with Both Nozzles on Opposite Sides [MQL(BNOS)]
	1.3 Results and Discussion
		1.3.1 Surface Temperature in Dry Grinding Operation
			1.3.1.1 Dry Grinding Operations with Maximum Temperature per Pass
		1.3.2 Surface Temperature during Flood Grinding Operation
			1.3.2.1 Flood Grinding Operations with Maximum Temperature per Pass
		1.3.3 Surface Temperature in MQL Grinding Operation
		1.3.4 Temperature Comparison in Various Grinding Operations
		1.3.5 Temperature Comparison in Various MQL Grinding Operations
		1.3.6 Measurement of Surface Roughness
			1.3.6.1 Surface Roughness in Dry Grinding Operation
			1.3.6.2 Surface Roughness in Flood Grinding Operation
			1.3.6.3 Surface Roughness in Various MQL Grinding Operations
		1.3.7 Surface Roughness Comparison in Various Grinding Operations
	1.4 Conclusion
	Declaration of Conflict of Interest
	Funding
	Ethical Approval
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 2 Importance of Dust Collectors in Waste Management and Recycling in Industries
	2.1 Introduction to Dust Collectors
	2.2 Electrostatic Precipitator
	2.3 Fabric Filters
	2.4 Unit Collectors
	2.5 Wet Scrubbers
	2.6 Inertial Separators
		2.6.1 Baffle Chambers
		2.6.2 Settling Chamber and Centrifugal Collectors
	2.7 Cyclone Separator
		2.7.1 Cyclone Separator Working Principle
		2.7.2 Tangential Inlet Cyclone Separator
		2.7.3 Axial-Flow Cyclone Separator
		2.7.4 Bottom Inlet Cyclone Separator
		2.7.5 Cut-Off Diameter and Pressure Drop
		2.7.6 Applications
		2.7.7 Advantages of the Cyclone Separator
		2.7.8 Disadvantages of the Cyclone Separator
	References
Chapter 3 Influence of Nickel-Based Cladding on the Hardness and Wear Behaviour of Hard-Faced Mild Steel Using E-7014 Electrode Using Shielded Metal Arc Welding
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Material and Methodology
		3.2.1 Selection of Electrode
		3.2.2 Selection of Metal Powders
		3.2.3 Selection of Welding Process
			3.2.3.1 Welding Equipment
	3.3 Results and Discussion
	3.4 Conclusion
	Declaration of Conflict of Interest
	Funding
	Ethical Approval
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 4 Erosion Response of Martensitic Stainless Steel Subjected to Slurry Flow
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Materials and Methods
	4.3 Experimental Analysis
	4.4 Results and Discussions
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5 Optimization of Machining Parameters during the Drilling of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Critical Review
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Drilling of Hybrid Polymer Composites
	5.3 Input and Output Parameters
	5.4 Conclusions
	Declaration of Conflict of Interest
	Funding
	Ethical Approval
	References
Chapter 6 Mechanical Properties of the Palmyra Fibre Epoxy Composites
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Materials and Methods
	6.3 Influence of Fibre Loading on Composite Tensile Strength
	6.4 Influence of Fibre Loading on Composite Impact Strength
	6.5 Influence of Fibre Loading on Composite Flexural Strength
	6.6 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 7 ANFIS-Based Prediction of MRR and Surface Roughness in Electrical Discharge Machining of HAMMC
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Materials Selection and Methodology
		7.2.1 Selection of Base Materials
		7.2.2 Powder Metallurgy
		7.2.3 Electrical Discharge Machining
		7.2.4 Taguchi’s Technique for Experimental Design
		7.2.5 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)
	7.3 Results and Discussions
	7.4 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 8 Experimental Investigation and Optimization of EDM Process Parameters on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Using Taguchi-Based GRA and Modelling by RSM
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Materials and Methods
	8.3 Results and Discussions
		8.3.1 Optimization of Process Parameters by Taguchi Method and GRA
		8.3.2 Examination of EDM Process Parameters on the EWR
		8.3.3 Examination of EDM Process Parameters on the MRR
		8.3.4 Examination of EDM Process Parameters on Ra
		8.3.5 Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
		8.3.6 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
		8.3.7 Confirmation Experiment
	8.4 Conclusions
	Declaration of Conflict of Interest
	Funding
	Ethical Approval
	References
Chapter 9 High-Temperature Tribological Behaviour of Surface-Coated Tool Steel
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Experimental Materials
	9.3 Configuration and Sliding Contact
	9.4 Test Setting and Procedures
	9.5 Results and Discussion
		9.5.1 Characterization of Surface Topography
		9.5.2 Friction Results
			9.5.2.1 Friction of Coating Initially
			9.5.2.2 Friction of Coatings during 10 Minutes
		9.5.3 Wear Resistances
			9.5.3.1 Wear Resistance at 40°C
			9.5.3.2 Wear Resistance at 800°C
		9.5.4 Surface Damages
			9.5.4.1 Surface Damage at 40°C
			9.5.4.2 Surface Damage at 800°C
		9.5.5 Oxidation of Sliding Surfaces
	9.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 10 Process Modelling and Optimization of Hardness in Laser Cladding of Inconel® 625 Powder on AISI 304 Stainless Steel
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Experimental Methods
	10.3 Process Model Development by Curve Fitting Method
	10.4 ANN for Model Development
	10.5 Parametric Optimization by First Derivative Test
	10.6 Generalized Reduced Gradient for Process Optimization
	10.7 Grey Relational Analysis for Parametric Optimization
	References
Chapter 11 Effect of Wire Electric Discharge Machining Process Parameters on Surface Roughness of Monel 400 Alloy
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Experimental Method
		11.2.1 Wire Electrical Discharge Machining
		11.2.2 Material Used: Monel 400
		11.2.3 Tool Electrode Material: Brass
		11.2.4 Dielectric Fluid: Deionized Water
		11.2.5 Measuring Apparatus
		11.2.6 Parameters and Its Range
		11.2.7 Design of Experiments
	11.3 Results and Discussion
		11.3.1 Effect of Pulse On Time
		11.3.2 Effect of Pulse Off Time
		11.3.3 Effect of Wire Tension
		11.3.4 Effect of Wire Feed
		11.3.5 Effect of Surface Roughness on Machining Parameters
		11.4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 12 Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Various Chemical Treatments on Agave angustifolia Marginata Fibre
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Materials and Experiments
		12.2.1 Natural Fibre Material
		12.2.2 Extraction of Fibre From Plants
	12.3 Chemical Treatment of Fibre
		12.3.1 NaOH Treatment
		12.3.2 NaClO Treatment
		12.3.3 H2O2 Treated
	12.4 Physical Properties of Fibre
		12.4.1 Fibre Density
		12.4.2 Fibre Diameter
		12.4.3 Chemical Properties of Fibre
		12.4.4 Wax Content
		12.4.5 Moisture Content
		12.4.6 Cellulose Content
		12.4.7 Lignin Content
		12.4.8 Hemicellulose Content
		12.4.9 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR)
		12.4.10 Tensile Strength of Agave Angustifolia ‘Marginata’ Fibre
		12.4.11 Thermal Analysis
	12.5 Results and Discussion
		12.5.1 Physical Properties of AAM Fibre
			12.5.1.1 Fibre Density
			12.5.1.2 Fibre Diameter
			12.5.1.3 Chemical Properties of Fibre
			12.5.1.4 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR)
	12.6 Tensile Properties of AAM Fibre
	12.7 Thermal Analysis
	12.8 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 13 Defect Identification in Casting Surface Using Image Processing Techniques
	13.1 Introduction to Surface Inspection
	13.2 Challenges and Issues in Defect Detection
	13.3 Proposed Method
	13.4 Contrast Enhancement
	13.5 Image Segmentation
	13.6 Feature Extraction
	13.7 Classification of Defects
	13.8 Conclusion
	13.9 Applications
	Bibliography
Chapter 14 Effect of Y2O3 Doping on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Al2O3/10wt.% SiC Ceramic Composites Synthesized by Microwave Sintering
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Microwave Sintering
		14.2.1 Basics of Microwave Heating
		14.2.2 Interaction of Microwaves with Materials
			14.2.2.1 Transparent
			14.2.2.2 Opaque
			14.2.2.3 Absorbent
		14.2.3 Heating Pattern
		14.2.4 Microwave Heating Mechanisms
			14.2.4.1 Resistive Heating
			14.2.4.2 Bipolar Rotation
			14.2.4.3 Electromagnetic Heating
			14.2.4.4 Dielectric Heating
		14.2.5 Microwave Heating Methods
			14.2.5.1 Microwave-Assisted Heating
			14.2.5.2 Direct Microwave Heating
		14.2.6 Advantages of Microwave Sintering
	14.3 Synthesis of Al2O3/10 wt.% SiC with Y2O3 Ceramic Composite Samples Using Microwave Sintering
		14.3.1 Materials
		14.3.2 Weighing and Milling
		14.3.3 Powder Compaction and Green Pellet Fabrication
		14.3.4 Sintering
	14.4 Mechanical Testing and Characterization
		14.4.1 Relative Density
		14.4.2 Average Matrix Grain Size
		14.4.3 Vickers Hardness
		14.4.4 Fracture Toughness
		14.4.5 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
		14.4.6 Microscopy Using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
	14.5 Results and Discussion
	14.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 15 Multiobjective Optimization of BSL 165 Aluminium Composite For Aeronautical Applications
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Optimization by Using Genetic Algorithm
	15.3 Surface Roughness
	15.4 Material Removal Rate (MRR)
	15.5 Experimental Outline
	15.6 Selection of Controllable Parameters
		15.6.1 Selection of Tool
		15.6.2 Limits of Process Parameters
	15.7 Design Matrix
	15.8 Experimentation
	15.9 Response Surface Model for the Prediction of Surface Roughness
		15.9.1 Surface Roughness
	15.10 Results and Discussion on Surface Roughness
		15.10.1 Parameter Interaction Effects
	15.11 Response Surface Model for the Prediction of MRR
		15.11.1 Material Removal Rate (MRR)
	15.12 Results and Discussion on MRR
		15.12.1 Parameter Interaction Effects
		15.12.2 An Optimized Set of Parameters
	15.13 Genetic Algorithm Optimization
		15.13.1 Validation of the Model
	15.14 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 16 Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Titanium and Ceramic-Coated Titanium
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Titanium
	16.3 Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Titania (TiO2)
	16.4 Abrasive Wear Behaviour of TiO2 + 5 SiC Coating
	16.5 Abrasive Wear of TiO2 + 10 SiC Coating
	16.6 Abrasive Wear of TiO2 + 15 SiC Coating
	16.7 Summary
	References
Chapter 17 Impact of Friction Stir Welding Process on Mechanical and Microstructural Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy Joint – A Review
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Literature Survey
		17.2.1 Effect of Friction Stir Welding Parameters
		17.2.2 Postweld Heat Treatment of FSW Joints
		17.2.3 Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Joint
		17.2.4 Friction Stir Welding of Metal Matrix Composite
		17.2.5 Under Water Friction Stir Welding Process
	17.3 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 18 Effect of Solution Treatment and Artificial Ageing on Strength Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA2014-T6 Aluminium Alloy
	18.1 Introduction to Effect of Solution Treatment and Artificial Ageing on Friction Stir Welding Joints
	18.2 Method of Manufacturing Advance Material
	18.3 Strength and Microstructural Properties of Joint
	18.4 Analysis of Precipitate Morphology of FSW Joints
	18.5 Summary of Effect of Solution Treatment and Artificial Ageing on FSW Joints
	References
Chapter 19 Effect of Oscillation Frequency on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Linear Friction Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Joints
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Experimental Details
	19.3 Results
		19.3.1 Macrostructure Analysis
		19.3.2 Tensile Properties
		19.3.3 Microhardness Variations across the Joints
		19.3.4 Microstructural Features of the LFW Joint
		19.3.5 Analysis of SEM Microstructure
		19.3.6 Fracture Surface Analysis
	19.4 Discussion
	19.5 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 20 Linear Friction Welding of Ni-Co-Cr Superalloy for Blisk Assembly
	20.1 Introduction
		20.1.1 Friction Welding
			20.1.1.1 Linear Friction Welding Process
	20.2 Experimental Conditions
	20.3 Results and Discussion
		20.3.1 Transverse Tensile Properties
		20.3.2 Microhardness Measurement
		20.3.3 Impact Testing
		20.3.4 Macrostructural and Microstructural Features of Inconel-100 Weld Joint
		20.3.5 Elemental Analysis (EDS) of Welded Joints
	20.4 Conclusion
	References
Index