Green IT Strategies and Applications: Using Environmental Intelligence

Contents......Page 8
Foreword......Page 20
Preface......Page 22
Readers......Page 24
Mapping to a Workshop......Page 26
Contents and Chapter Summaries......Page 28
Language......Page 30
Acknowledgments......Page 32
Endorsements (In Praise of Green IT Strategies and Applications)......Page 34
Author......Page 36
Part A: Strategies and Applications......Page 38
Introduction......Page 40
The Environment Today......Page 43
Information Technology and Environment......Page 46
Business and Environment......Page 51
Green Enterprise Characteristics......Page 52
Green Vision......Page 54
Green Value......Page 55
Green IT Opportunity......Page 56
Challenges of a Carbon Economy......Page 59
Business Intelligence......Page 62
Application in Environmental Domain......Page 63
Envisioning the Green Future......Page 66
References......Page 67
Introducing Green Strategies......Page 72
Green Strategic Mindset......Page 74
Philosophical Considerations in Green IT Strategy......Page 76
Green IT Strategies: Range of Impact......Page 78
Green Strategic Alignment......Page 83
Green IT Strategies Mix......Page 84
Green IT Drivers......Page 85
Regulatory and Legal......Page 87
Sociocultural and Political......Page 89
Enlightened Self-Interest......Page 90
Responsible Business Ecosystem......Page 91
Economy......Page 93
Technologies......Page 95
Processes......Page 96
People......Page 97
Developing an ERBS......Page 98
Wide-Ranging Considerations in ERBS......Page 100
Steps in Developing an ERBS......Page 101
Green Business Objectives......Page 102
Strategy Descriptions......Page 103
Policy-Based Conditions......Page 104
Iterations and Risks......Page 105
KPIs in Green Strategies......Page 106
Discussion Points......Page 109
References......Page 110
Key Points......Page 114
Introduction......Page 115
Policies and Practices in ERBS......Page 118
Lean Impact on Green......Page 120
Breadth of Environmental Policies (Areas Covered)......Page 122
Length of Environmental Policies (Duration of Coverage)......Page 124
Green Values in Practice......Page 126
Green Practice: A Balancing Act......Page 127
Mobility and Environment......Page 129
Challenges to Environment......Page 130
Relating Environmental Business Policies to Goals......Page 131
Renewable Energy Resources......Page 133
Mind Map for the Role of a Chief Green Officer (CGO)......Page 135
Environmental Practices......Page 136
Green IT Metrics and Measurements......Page 138
Carbon Metrics Coverage......Page 140
Green IT Measurement Challenges......Page 143
Framework for Green IT Metrics......Page 144
Measuring the Carbon Footprint of Your Organization......Page 146
Green Balanced Scorecard......Page 147
Green IT Readiness and CMM......Page 150
Context Sensitivity and Automation in Green IT Measures......Page 152
Discussion Points......Page 154
References......Page 155
Key Points......Page 158
Introduction......Page 159
Green Assets......Page 161
Building and Facility Management......Page 163
Green IT Hardware......Page 164
Green Data Centers......Page 167
Data Center Building—Design, Layout, and Location......Page 169
Data Center ICT Equipment—Server Strategies......Page 170
Data Strategy and the Carbon Emitting Bit......Page 172
Data Servers Optimization......Page 173
Data Servers Virtualization......Page 174
Physical Data Server Organization and Cooling......Page 176
Cloud Computing and Data Centers......Page 177
Networking and Communications Infrastructure......Page 178
Smart Meters in Real Time......Page 180
Managing Devices for Central Green Services......Page 183
Devices and Organizational Boundaries for Measurements......Page 184
Mobile Devices and Sustainability......Page 185
References......Page 188
Key Points......Page 190
Introduction......Page 191
Green Business Process Management......Page 193
Green Reengineering......Page 194
Green Processes: Individual, Organizational, and Collaborative......Page 196
Green BPM and Standards......Page 198
Green Business Analysis......Page 201
Green Requirements Modeling......Page 202
Green IT Governance......Page 204
Green Business Processes—Incremental Complexity......Page 206
Modeling Green Business Processes (UML, BPMN)......Page 208
Quality of Service (QoS) and Green Business Processes......Page 209
Achieving Green BPM......Page 210
Green Mobile Business Processes......Page 211
Environmental–Economic Mobile Use......Page 213
Environmental–Process Mobile Use......Page 214
Example—Digital Library GPR......Page 216
Discussion Points......Page 218
References......Page 219
Key Points......Page 222
Introduction......Page 223
Green Enterprise Architecture......Page 224
Views of Green Enterprise Architecture......Page 226
Green Enterprise Architecture—Categories of Requirements......Page 227
Organizational Systems......Page 229
Green Solutions Architecture......Page 230
Evolving Green Systems Architecture......Page 232
Aspects of Green Solutions Architecture......Page 233
Cloud Computing......Page 234
Real-Time Decision Making......Page 235
Contents and Integration with Service-Oriented Architecture......Page 236
Green Supply Chain Management......Page 239
Building Environmental Criteria into Supplier Contract Conditions......Page 241
Green Portals in Green Enterprise Architecture......Page 242
Business Intelligence and Green IT......Page 243
Th e Environmental Intelligence Domain......Page 245
Environmental Intelligence Systems’ Evolving Complexity......Page 246
Communication Channels in Environmental Intelligence......Page 248
Environmental Intelligence Implementation with Web Services......Page 249
Environmental Intelligence with Mobility......Page 250
An Example of Green Enterprise Architecture......Page 252
Discussion Points......Page 253
References......Page 254
Introduction......Page 256
Phases in a GIS Development and Deployment......Page 257
Features of GIS......Page 258
Modeling and Architecture GIS—Requirements, Design, Implementation, and Testing......Page 259
GIS Requirements......Page 260
Regulatory Standards Portal......Page 261
Stakeholders/Actors......Page 262
Package Diagrams and System Scope......Page 263
Use Case Diagram for GOP......Page 264
Use Cases for \"Green Organizational Portal\"......Page 270
Use Cases for \"Emissions Benchmark Maintenance Use Case Diagram\"......Page 273
Class Diagram for GOP......Page 275
Sequence Diagram for \"Emissions Check\"......Page 277
Implementation Diagrams for GIS......Page 278
GIS—Technical Requirements......Page 282
Action Points......Page 283
Key Points......Page 284
Introduction......Page 285
Learning Organization......Page 287
Green Social Stakeholders......Page 288
Role-Based View of Green IT......Page 290
Green User Practices......Page 293
Attitude and Subjectivity in Green IT......Page 294
Green IT Ethics and Code of Conduct......Page 296
Privacy and Security of Green Information......Page 298
Communications in Green Transformation Projects......Page 299
Green IT Project—Channels of Communication......Page 300
Green HR and Changing Organizational Structures......Page 301
Skills Framework for Information Age (SFIA) and Green HR......Page 304
SFIA Skill Set and Green Roles......Page 306
Green Virtual Communities......Page 308
References......Page 309
Key Points......Page 312
Introduction......Page 313
Green Enterprise Transformation......Page 314
Influence of Technical Dimension on GET......Page 316
Influence of Social Dimension on GET......Page 317
Transforming the Individual, Organizational, and Collaborative Processes......Page 318
A Green ICT Framework......Page 320
Procurement......Page 321
End-User Computing......Page 322
Enterprise and Data Center......Page 323
Networking and Communications......Page 324
IT for Enterprise......Page 325
Business Process Management......Page 326
Attitude......Page 327
Technology......Page 328
The Green Transformation Process......Page 329
Organizational Focus Areas for GET......Page 330
GET Program: Roles and Deliverables......Page 332
Setting Up a Business Transformation Office (BTO)......Page 333
Green Enterprise Transformation Champion (GTC)......Page 334
Business Architect and Variations......Page 335
Business Partners......Page 336
IT Governance......Page 337
Green IT Transformation—Deliverables......Page 338
GET: Diagnosis Phase......Page 339
Challenges......Page 340
Challenges......Page 343
GET: Planning and Scoping Phase......Page 346
Enterprise Lifecycle Plan......Page 347
Planning for End-User Efficiencies......Page 349
Challenges......Page 351
Output......Page 353
Planning for IT as a Low-Carbon Enabler for the Enterprise......Page 354
GET: Enactment Phase......Page 356
Technology-Driven Enactment......Page 357
Business Partner\'s Systems......Page 358
Business Process–Driven Enactment......Page 359
Discussion Points......Page 360
Action Points......Page 361
References......Page 362
Introduction......Page 364
Protocols and Standards......Page 365
Kyoto Protocol......Page 366
Copenhagen......Page 367
The ISO 14000:2004 Family of STANDARDS......Page 368
Compelling Regulation......Page 369
EPEAT—Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool......Page 371
Industry and Vendor Initiatives......Page 372
Global Reporting Initiative......Page 373
Green IT Audits......Page 374
Audit Types......Page 376
Undertaking Green IT Audits......Page 379
Audit and Use of Carbon Emissions Management Software......Page 380
Conclusion......Page 381
Action Points......Page 382
References......Page 383
Introduction......Page 384
Future Carbon Landscape......Page 385
Cloud Computing......Page 387
Nanotechnologies......Page 390
Security and Legal......Page 391
Biomimicry......Page 392
Green ICT—Business and Economic Trends......Page 393
Collaborative Environmental Intelligence......Page 395
References......Page 398
Part B: Case Studies......Page 400
GoodMead Hospital......Page 402
Preliminary Green Investigation......Page 403
Green Business Objectives......Page 404
Strengths......Page 405
Weaknesses......Page 406
Threats......Page 407
Strategic Concerns of Management......Page 408
Steps in Developing a Hospital\'s ERBS......Page 409
Green Transformational Elements......Page 410
The Green Transformation Project......Page 411
Technology Changes in Hospital......Page 414
Applying Mobile Technologies in GET......Page 415
Suppliers (e.g., Pharmacies)......Page 416
Lessons Learned in Implementing Green IT Strategies......Page 417
AuPack Scenario......Page 418
AuPack\'s Green IT Strategies......Page 420
Green IT Strengths......Page 422
Green IT Threats......Page 423
Diagnosis in AuPack......Page 424
Planning for GET......Page 425
Economic Dimension in AuPack......Page 426
Technical Dimension in AuPack......Page 427
Enactment of GET for AuPack......Page 428
Lessons Learned in GET for AuPack......Page 430
ZeeTel Telecom Scenario......Page 432
Strategic Approach to Green ICT......Page 435
Strengths......Page 437
Threats......Page 438
Diagnosing the \"As Is\" State......Page 439
Planning......Page 441
Enterprise Data Center Transformation Plan......Page 442
Enacting GET for ZeeTel......Page 443
Equipment Lifecycle......Page 444
References......Page 445
Appendix A: The Environmentally Responsible Business Strategies (ERBS) Research Project Survey......Page 446
Appendix B: Case Study Scenarios for Trial Runs......Page 456
Appendix C: Green IT Measurements from a CEMS......Page 460
Abbreviations......Page 464
Green Glossary......Page 466
B......Page 470
C......Page 471
E......Page 472
G......Page 473
I......Page 477
O......Page 478
S......Page 479
T......Page 480
W......Page 481