Green Engineering: Environmentally Conscious Design of Chemical Processes

Cover
CONTENTS
PREFACE
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
PART I: A CHEMICAL ENGINEER'S GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND REGULATIONS
	1 AN INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 The Role of Chemical Processes and Chemical Products
		1.3 An Overview of Major Environmental Issues
		1.4 Global Environmental Issues
		1.5 Air Quality Issues
		1.6 Water Quality Issues
		1.7 Ecology
		1.8 Natural Resources
		1.9 Waste Flows in the United States
		Summary
		References
		Problems
	2 RISK CONCEPTS
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Description of Risk
		2.3 Value of Risk Assessment in the Engineering Profession
		2.4 Risk-Based Environmental Law
		2.5 General Overview of Risk Assessment Concepts
		2.6 Hazard Assessment
		2.7 Dose-Response
		2.8 Exposure Assessment
		2.9 Risk Characterization
		Summary
		References
		Problems
	3 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND REGULATIONS: FROM END-OF-PIPE TO POLLUTION PREVENTION
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Nine Prominent Federal Environmental Statutes
		3.3 Evolution of Regulatory and Voluntary Programs: From End-of-Pipe to Pollution Prevention
		3.4 Pollution Prevention Concepts and Terminology
		References
		Problems
	4 THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Responsibilities for Chemical Process Safety
		4.3 Responsibilities for Environmental Protection
		4.4 Further Reading in Engineering Ethics
		References
		Problems
PART II: EVALUATING AND IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES
	5 EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL FATE: APPROACHES BASED ON CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Chemical and Physical Property Estimation
		5.3 Estimating Environmental Persistence
		5.4 Estimating Ecosystem Risks
		5.5 Using Property Estimates to Estimate Environmental Fate and Exposure
		5.6 Classifying Environmental Risks Based on Chemical Structure
		References
		Problems
	6 EVALUATING EXPOSURES
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Occupational Exposures: Recognition, Evaluation, and Control
		6.3 Exposure Assessment for Chemicals in the Ambient Environment
		6.4 Designing Safer Chemicals
		References
		Problems
	7 GREEN CHEMISTRY
		7.1 Green Chemistry
		7.2 Green Chemistry Methodologies
		7.3 Quantitative/Optimization-Based Frameworks for the Design of Green Chemical Synthesis Pathways
		7.4 Green Chemistry Expert System Case Studies
		Questions for Discussion
		References
		Problems
	8 EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE DURING PROCESS SYNTHESIS
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Tier 1 Environmental Performance Tools
		8.3 Tier 2 Environmental Performance Tools
		8.4 Tier 3 Environmental Performance Tools
		References
		Problems
	9 UNIT OPERATIONS AND POLLUTION PREVENTION
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Pollution Prevention in Material Selection for Unit Operations
		9.3 Pollution Prevention for Chemical Reactors
		9.4 Pollution Prevention for Separation Devices
		9.5 Pollution Prevention Applications for Separative Reactors
		9.6 Pollution Prevention in Storage Tanks and Fugitive Sources
		9.7 Pollution Prevention Assessment Integrated with HAZ-OP Analysis
		9.8 Integrating Risk Assessment with Process Design—A Case Study
		Questions for Discussion
		References
		Problems
	10 FLOWSHEET ANALYSIS FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Process Energy Integration
		10.3 Process Mass Integration
		10.4 Case Study of a Process Flowsheet
		Summary
		References
		Problems
	11 EVALUATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF A FLOWSHEET
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Estimation of Environmental Fates of Emissions and Wastes
		11.3 Tier 3 Metrics for Environmental Risk Evaluation of Process Designs
		Summary
		References
		Problems
	12 ENVIRONMENTAL COST ACCOUNTING
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Definitions
		12.3 Magnitudes of Environmental Costs
		12.4 A Framework for Evaluating Environmental Costs
		12.5 Hidden Environmental Costs
		12.6 Liability Costs
		12.7 Internal Intangible Costs
		12.8 External Intangible Costs
		References
		Problems
PART III: MOVING BEYOND THE PLANT BOUNDARY
	13 LIFE-CYCLE CONCEPTS, PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP, AND GREEN ENGINEERING
		13.1 Introduction to Product Life Cycle Concepts
		13.2 Life-Cycle Assessment
		13.3 Life-Cycle Impact Assessments
		13.4 Streamlined Life-Cycle Assessments
		13.5 Uses of Life-Cycle Studies
		Summary
		Questions for Discussion
		References
		Problems
	14 INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Material Flows in Chemical Manufacturing
		14.3 Eco-Industrial Parks
		14.4 Assessing Opportunities for Waste Exchanges and Byproduct Synergies
		Summary
		References
		Problems
APPENDICES
	A: DETAILS OF THE NINE PROMINENT FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATUTES
	B: MOLECULAR CONNECTIVITY
	C: ESTIMATING EMISSIONS FROM STORAGE TANKS
	D: TABLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT POTENTIALS—TABLES D-1 TO D-4
	E: PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING HIDDEN (TIER II) COSTS—TABLES E-1 TO E-5
	F: ADDITIONAL RESOURCES—WEB RESOURCES/ONLINE DATABASES/SOFTWARE
INDEX
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W