Green Chemistry: New Perspectives

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Green Chemistry: New Perspectives
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Table of Contents
1. Green Methods of Chemical Analysis and Pollutant Removal
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Green chemical analysis methods
		2.1 Volumetric method
		2.2 Spectrophotometric methods
			2.2.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS)
			2.2.2 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
			2.2.3 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
	3. Green methods for pollutant removal
	3.1 Coagulation
	3.2 Adsorption
	3.3 Advance oxidation processes (AOPs)
		3.3.1 Fenton/photo-Fenton processes
		3.3.2 Photocatalysis over TiO2
		3.3.3 By using nanomaterial oxidizing agents
	4. Conclusions
	Conflict of interest
	References
2. Fundamental Principles to Address Green Chemistry and Green Engine for Sustainable Future
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Methodology
		2.1 Green chemistry application and synthetic methodology
			2.1.1 Synthesis of polymer
			2.1.2 Alternative methods to classical synthesis
		2.2 Green engineering and its application
	3. Conclusion and future perspectives
	Acknowledgements
	Notes/Thanks/Other declarations
	Synonyms and abbreviations
	References
3. Green Synthesis of Chalcone Derivatives Using Chalcones as Precursor
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Experimental section
		2.1 Materials and methods
		2.2 General procedure for preparation of DBU based ionic liquid
		2.3 General procedure for preparation of chalcones (3a-c)
		2.4 Model reaction for preparation of pyrazole derivative (4a)
			2.4.1 Spectroscopic data of (4a)
		2.5 Model reaction for preparation of pyran derivative (5a)
			2.5.1 Spectroscopic data of (5a)
		2.6 Model reaction for preparation of cyanopyridine derivative (6a)
			2.6.1 Spectroscopic data of (6a)
		2.7 Model reaction for preparation of isoxazole derivative (7a)
			2.7.1 Spectroscopic data of (7a)
		2.8 Model reaction for preparation of pyrimidine derivative (8a)
			2.8.1 Spectroscopic data of (8a)
	3. Results and discussion
		3.1 Optimization of reaction conditions
		3.2 Reusability of ionic liquids
	4. Conclusion
	References
4. Mechanochemistry in Organocatalysis: A Green and Sustainable Route toward the Synthesis of Bioactive Heterocycles
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Mechanochemical organocatalytic reactions for the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles
		2.1 Synthesis of five-membered heterocycles containing one-heteroatom
			2.1.1 Synthesis of pyrroles
			2.1.2 Synthesis of furans
			2.1.3 Synthesis of thiophenes
		2.2 Synthesis of five-membered heterocycles containing two-heteroatoms
			2.2.1 Synthesis of pyrazoles
			2.2.2 Synthesis of thiazoles
			2.2.3 Synthesis of imidazoles
		2.3 Synthesis of five-membered heterocycles containing three-heteroatoms
			2.3.1 Synthesis of oxadiazoles
			2.3.2 Synthesis of thiadiazoles
	3. Mechanochemical organocatalytic reactions for the synthesis of six-membered heterocycles
		3.1 Synthesis of six-membered heterocycles containing one-heteroatom
			3.1.1 Synthesis of pyridines
			3.1.2 Synthesis of quinolines
			3.1.3 Synthesis of pyrans
		3.2 Synthesis of six-membered heterocycles containing two-heteroatoms
			3.2.1 Synthesis of quinoxalines
			3.2.2 Synthesis of pyrimidines
			3.2.3 Synthesis of quinazolinones
	4. Mechanochemical organocatalytic reactions for the synthesis of complex-fused poly-heterocycles
		4.1 Synthesis of indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine
		4.2 Synthesis of naphtho[2,3-b]thiophenes
		4.3 Synthesis of pyrano[4,3-b]pyrans
		4.4 Synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles
		4.5 Synthesis of triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine
	5. Mechanochemical organocatalytic reactions for the synthesis of complex spiro-heterocycles
	6. Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
5. Eco-Sustainable Catalytic System for Green Oxidation of Spirostanic Alcohols Using Hypervalent Iodine (III) Tempo-4-n-Acetoxyamine System
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Results and discussion
	3. Experimental section
		3.1 General procedure for the oxidation of spirostanic steroidal alcohols to their carbonyl analogs
		3.2 Model reaction II: (25R)-Spirost-5α-hydroxy-3,6-dione
	4. Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
6. Potassium Persulfate as an Eco-Friendly Oxidant for Oxidative Transformations
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Metal-free oxidative transformations with K2S2O8
		2.1 C–C bond formation
		2.2 C–N bond formation
		2.3 C–O/C–S/C–Se/C–halogen bond formation
	3. Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	Conflict of interest
	References
7. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Compounds as Photocatalyst in Organic Synthesis: A Metal-Free Greener Approach
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Cyclopropanation reactions
	3. Three-component C C and C N bond formation reaction
	4. Photoinduced C Si bond formation via decarboxylation of silacarboxylic acids
	5. TADF-photocatalyzed Minisci reactions
	6. Cross-dehydrogenative Minisci type reactions
	7. Cyclization reactions
	8. Ring opening reaction
	9. Deuteration reaction
	10. Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
8. Green Chemistry Applied to Transition Metal Chalcogenides through Synthesis, Design of Experiments, Life Cycle Assessment, and Machine Learning
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Strategies to make a nanoparticle synthetic process greener
		2.1 Strategy 1: safer reagents and solvents
		2.2 Strategy 2: use more efficient energy input sources
		2.3 Strategy 3: eliminate or minimize byproducts
		2.4 Strategy 4: avoid using unnecessary additives and steps
		2.5 Strategy 5: greener purification procedures
		2.6 Strategy 6: the use of design of experiments
		2.7 Strategy 7: The use of life cycle assessment (LCA)
		2.8 Strategy 8: the role of machine learning in predicting materials properties
	3. Applications of green chemistry principles in the synthesis of transition metal chalcogenides
		3.1 Solution-based synthesis of transition metal chalcogenides nanoparticles
		3.2 Biological approaches for the synthesis of transition metal chalcogenides
		3.3 Mechanochemistry synthesis of transition metal chalcogenides
	4. Applications of design of experiments for transition metal chalcogenides
	5. Applications of life cycle assessment for transition metal chalcogenides
	6. Applications of machine learning for transition metal chalcogenides
		6.1 Band gap diversity among materials containing p-block elements
		6.2 Property prediction using machine learning for transition metal chalcogenides
	7. Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	Conflict of interest
	References
9. Biopolymers
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Classification and basic applications of polymers
	3. Polymers of natural origin
		3.1 Proteins
		3.2 Collagen
		3.3 Silk fiber
	4. Structure and properties of silk
	5. Conclusions
	References
10. New Frontier of Plant Breeding Using Gamma Irradiation and Biotechnology
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Mechanism and types of mutation
		2.1 Mutagenesis mechanism
		2.2 Type of mutagens
	3. The use of radiation-induced mutations
	4. Technology in mutation breeding and tissue culture
		4.1 Induced mutation in the plant by irradiation
		4.2 Conventional plant breeding
		4.3 Induce mutation plant breeding
		4.4 Induced mutation in the plant by irradiation and tissue culture
	5. Application of molecular biology techniques for plant breeding
	6. Application of gamma irradiation on crop varieties
	7. Conclusions
	References
11. Green Preparation of Fe2O3 Doped Gum Acacia Derived Porous Carbon/Graphene Ternary Nanocomposite as a Supercapacitor Electrode
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Experimental
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Preparation of Fe2O3/porous carbon graphene ternary composite
		2.3 Material characterization
		2.4 Electrochemical measurements
	3. Results and discussion
		3.1 Material characterization
		3.2 Supercapacitor performance evaluation
	4. Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	Conflict of interest
	Appendix
	References
12. Recent Advances in the Green Synthesis of Lanthanide-Based Organic Compounds for Broad  Application Spectrum in Different Sectors: A Review
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Basic principles of greener chemistry
	3. Synthesis of various lanthanide-based complexes with their applications in different dimensions
		3.1 Green synthesis of lanthanide-doped nanophosphors
		3.2 Green synthesis of rare-earth Zirconates
		3.3 Greener synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles
		3.4 Greener synthesis of rare-earth ions-doped nanocrystals-based Photoluminescent substances
		3.5 Greener synthesis of self-assembled Nanospherical dysprosium metal: organic frameworks
		3.6 Green synthesis of nucleotide-based inner transition coordination polymers
	4. Conclusion and future perspectives
	Acknowledgements
	References
13. Ascorbic Acid-assisted Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: pH and Stability Study
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Experimental
		2.1 Chemicals
		2.2 Preparation of AgNPs
		2.3 Characterization of AgNPs
	3. Results and discussion
		3.1 Visual and UV-vis spectroscopy studies
		3.2 DLS and TEM analysis
		3.3 XRD and FTIR analysis
	4. Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	Conflict of interest
	References