Green, Pervasive, and Cloud Computing: 15th International Conference, GPC 2020, Xi'an, China, November 13–15, 2020, Proceedings

Preface
Organization
Contents
Device-Free Sensing
Wavelet Analysis Based Noncontact Vital Signal Measurements Using mm-Wave Radar
	1 Introduction
	2 FMCW Radar Signal
	3 Noncontact Vital Signals Detection Program
		3.1 Theory of FMCW Radar Vital Signals Measurement
		3.2 Instantaneous Vital Signals Detection Algorithm
	4 Experiments and Results
		4.1 Experimental Equipment and Parameters
		4.2 Measurement Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study on Feasibility of Remote Metal Detection Using Millimeter Wave Radar for Convenient and Efficient Security Check
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Overview
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Preliminaries: Radar Fundamental
		4.2 The Establishment of Human Body Model
		4.3 Metal Detection
	5 Experiment
		5.1 Dataset
		5.2 Implementation Details
		5.3 System Performance
		5.4 System Practicability
	6 Discussion and Future Work
	7 Conclusion
	References
Long-Range Gesture Recognition Using Millimeter Wave Radar
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Overview
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Point Cloud Model of Gesture
		4.2 The Model of Convolutional Neural Network
	5 Experiment
		5.1 Implementation Details
		5.2 Performance Analysis
		5.3 Forecast Accuracy for New Users
		5.4 Practical Application Analysis
	6 Discussion
		6.1 Distance Influence
		6.2 Multiple People Influence
		6.3 Real-Time Consideration
	7 Conclusion
	References
Towards Fine-Grained Indoor White Space Sensing
	1 Introduction
	2 Indoor TV Spectra Measurement
		2.1 Equipment and Setup
		2.2 Synchronous Measurement
		2.3 Asynchronous Measurement
	3 System Design
		3.1 System Overview
		3.2 Multitask Gaussian Process Based Spatial Interpolation
		3.3 Determining the Positions of Candidate Locations
	4 Performance Evaluation
		4.1 Evaluation Setup
		4.2 Performance of Gaussian Process Based Interpolation
		4.3 Different Positions of Candidate Locations
	5 Related Work
	6 Conclusion
	References
Evaluating mmWave Sensing Ability of Recognizing Multi-people Under Practical Scenarios
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
		2.1 Application Prospect of MmWave
		2.2 Recognition Using mmWave Signals
	3 System Design and Experimental Process
		3.1 Overview of Main Experiment
		3.2 Hardware Configuration and Data Acquisition
	4 Experiment Evaluation and Analysis
		4.1 Basic Working Performance of mmWave FMCW Radar
		4.2 Minimum Effective Clustering Distance Between Two Persons
		4.3 Occlusion Relationship Effect
	5 Limitations
		5.1 Reflecting by Flat Surfaces
		5.2 Scope of Monitoring
	6 Conclusion
	References
Machine Learning
GradSA: Gradient Sparsification and Accumulation for Communication-Efficient Distributed Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Problem Setting
	3 Design Overview
	4 Layer-Level Gradient Sparsification
	5 Staleness-Compensated Historical Gradient Accumulation
		5.1 Historical Gradient Approximation
		5.2 Historical Gradient Accumulation
	6 Evaluation
		6.1 Experiment Setup
		6.2 Overall Training Performance Comparison
		6.3 Scalability Evaluation
	7 Related Work
	8 Conclusion
	References
An Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm with Multiple Search Strategy
	1 Introduction
	2 Original Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
	3 The Proposed ABC Algorithm
		3.1 Initialization Phase
		3.2 Employed Bees Phase
		3.3 Onlooker Bees Phase
		3.4 Scout Bee Phase
	4 Validation and Comparison
		4.1 Benchmark Functions
		4.2 Simulation and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Efficient Data Prefetch Strategy for Deep Learning Based on Non-volatile Memory
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Optimizations for Data Bottleneck in DL Systems
		2.2 Development of NVRAM
	3 NVRAM-Based Cache Sliding Strategy for Data Prefetch
		3.1 NVRAM Data Initialization
		3.2 NVRAM Data Sliding
		3.3 NVRAM Refilling for Next Sliding Stage
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Experiment Environment
		4.2 Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclutions and Future Work
	References
A Drift Detection Method Based on Diversity Measure and McDiarmid’s Inequality in Data Streams
	1 Introduction
	2 The Diversity Measure and McDiarmid Drift Detection Method
		2.1 Diversity Measure
		2.2 Drift Detection Method
		2.3 McDiarmid’s Inequality
		2.4 Parameters Analysis
	3 Experiment Evaluation
	4 Conclusion
	References
An Improved Sparse Representation Classifier Based on Data Augmentation for Time Series Classification
	1 Introduction
	2 SRC and ESRC
	3 Improved Extend SRC
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Experiments on UCR Archive
		4.2 Experiments on Predicting the Effect of Aerobic Exercise Intervention on 24 Young Patients with Hypertension
	5 Conclusion
	References
Concept Stability Based Isolated Maximal Cliques Detection in Dynamic Social Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminaries
		2.1 Clique
		2.2 FCA
		2.3 Concept Stability
	3 Problem Statement
	4 Concept Stability Based Isolated Maximal Clique Detection
		4.1 Formal Context Construction from Dynamic Social Network
		4.2 Isolated Maximal Clique Detection
	5 Experiments
		5.1 Data Set and Configurations
		5.2 Experimental Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Echo State Network Based on L0 Norm Regularization for Chaotic Time Series Prediction
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminaries
	3 ESN Based on L0 Norm Regularization
		3.1 Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP)
		3.2 OMP-ESN Algorithm
	4 Simulations
		4.1 Datasets Description
		4.2 Experimental Setup
		4.3 Results Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Recommendation Systems
MI-KGNN: Exploring Multi-dimension Interactions for Recommendation Based on Knowledge Graph Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 MI-KGNN
		3.1 Problem Definition
		3.2 Problem Analysis
		3.3 Implementation of MI-KGNN
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Dataset Description
		4.2 Baselines
		4.3 Experimental Settings
		4.4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
MGCN4REC: Multi-graph Convolutional Network for Next Basket Recommendation with Instant Interest
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Representation Learning
		2.2 Sequential Recommendation System
	3 MGCN4REC Framework
		3.1 Preliminaries
		3.2 Multi-graph-Based User-Item Representation
		3.3 User Preferences and Interests Modeling
		3.4 Attention-Based Preferences Aggregating
		3.5 Model Training
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Baselines
		4.3 Evaluation Metric
		4.4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclucion
	References
Urban Computing
Using Deep Active Learning to Save Sensing Cost When Estimating Overall Air Quality
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Problem Description
	4 Data Preprocessing
		4.1 Data Description and Missing Data Processing
		4.2 Data Feature Processing
	5 Proposed Method
		5.1 Acquisition Function for the First Phase of Active Learning
		5.2 The Second Phase of Active Learning
		5.3 Active Variational Adversarial Model
	6 Experiments
		6.1 Learning of AQI Level
		6.2 Active Learning of AQI Level
	7 Conclusion
	References
Interpretable Multivariate Time Series Classification Based on Prototype Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Multivariate Time Series Classification
		2.2 Interpretability
	3 Method
		3.1 Model Architecture Overview
		3.2 Data Encoding
		3.3 Prototype Learning
		3.4 Fully Connection
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Experimental Settings
		4.2 Result
		4.3 Interpretation
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Driver-Centric Vehicle Reposition Framework via Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Problem Statement
	4 Methodologies
		4.1 Multi-agent DDPG
		4.2 Geographic-Based MADDPG
	5 Experiments
		5.1 Simulator
		5.2 Performance Evaluation
		5.3 Consideration of ORR
		5.4 Passenger Satisfaction
		5.5 Ablation Study
	6 Conclusions
	References
Demand-Responsive Windows Scheduling in Tertiary Hospital Leveraging Spatiotemporal Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminary and Framework Overview
		2.1 Preliminaries
		2.2 Framework Overview
	3 Hospital Visit Demand Graph Modeling
		3.1 Taxi Trajectory and Hospital Location Based Hospital Visit Demand Extraction
		3.2 Spatiotemporal Hospital Visit Demand Graph Modeling
	4 Registration Windows Scheduling
		4.1 ST-GNN Based Hospital Visit Demand Forecasting
		4.2 Demand-Responsive Registration Windows Scheduling
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Dataset Description
		5.2 Evaluation on Visit Forecast
		5.3 Case Studies on Windows Scheduling
	6 Relative Work
		6.1 Spatiotemporal Sequence Forecast
		6.2 Graph Neural Networks
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Prediction Technology for Parking Occupancy Based on Multi-dimensional Spatial-Temporal Causality and ANN Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Real-Time On-Line Prediction
	3 Prediction Methodology
		3.1 Multidimensional Spatial-Temporal Causality Model
		3.2 Parking Occupancy Prediction
	4 Analysis of Experimental Results
		4.1 Data Selection and Normalization
		4.2 Neural Network Construction
		4.3 Analysis of Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Improved Leaky-ESN for Electricity Load Forecasting
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Preliminary
	4 AESN for Electricity Load Forecasting
		4.1 The Modular Control Strategy
		4.2 AESN-I with Initial Sparsely-Connected Reservoir
		4.3 AESN-II with Initial Fully-Connected Reservoir
	5 Experiments and Results
		5.1 Dataset Description
		5.2 Experimental Settings
		5.3 Results Discussion
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Human Computer Interaction
MateBot: The Design of a Human-Like, Context-Sensitive Virtual Bot for Harmonious Human-Computer Interaction
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 The MateBot Architecture
	4 MateBot: Detailed Design
		4.1 Context-Sensitive Network
		4.2 Appearance Translation Network
		4.3 Dialogue Network
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Dataset
		5.2 Evaluation Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
User Behavior Analysis Toward Adaptive Guidance for Machine Operation Tasks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Key Idea
	4 Operational Behavior Detection
		4.1 Visual Features
		4.2 Behavioral Features
		4.3 Correlation to Skill Level and Difficulty
	5 Experimental Results
		5.1 Experimental Conditions
		5.2 Behavior Changes Through Skill Improvements
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Behavior Fingerprints Based Smartphone User Authentication: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Behavioral Biometrics Authentication Solutions on Smartphones
		2.1 Uni-Modal Behavioral Authentication Systems
		2.2 Multimodal Behavioral Authentication Systems
	3 Discussion
	4 Open Issues and Challenges
	5 Conclusion
	References
A System to Find the Change of One's Vision Implicitly
	1 Introduction
	2 Motivation and Challenges
		2.1 Motivation
		2.2 Challenges and Approach
	3 System Overview
	4 Activity Recognition
	5 Eye-Screen Distance Estimation
		5.1 Eye Localization
		5.2 Eye-Screen Distance
		5.3 Find Outliers
		5.4 Median as Representation
		5.5 Least Squares
	6 Implementation and Evaluation
		6.1 Dataset
		6.2 Detection Result
	7 Discussion
	8 Conclusions
	References
Internet of Things and Edge Computing
Energy-Aware Marginal Multi-attribute Federated Query in IoT Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Energy Model
	3 Marginal Multi-attribute Federated Query
		3.1 Cost Calculation of Queried Packets Transmitting for Marginal Edge Nodes
		3.2 Marginal Multi-attribute Federated Query Model
	4 Implementation and Evaluation
		4.1 Baseline Methods
		4.2 Experiment Settings
		4.3 Evaluation Results
	5 Related Works and Comparison
		5.1 Energy-Aware Routing Query
		5.2 Spatial Keyword Query
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Novel UAV Charging Scheme for Minimizing Coverage Breach in Rechargeable Sensor Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description
		2.1 Network Model and Assumptions
		2.2 Partial Recharging Model
		2.3 Problem Definition
	3 Complete Coverage and Energy Knowledge Partial Charging Scheme (Co-EPaCS)
		3.1 Finding a Subset of Sensors to Charge and Deciding When to Start a Charging Tour
		3.2 Planning UAV Charging Tour and Charging the Sensors
	4 Performance Evaluation
		4.1 Parameter Settings
		4.2 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Parallel Tasks Scheduling Algorithm with Markov Decision Process in Edge Computing
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Research on Edge Computing
		2.2 Applications of Reinforcement Learning in Scheduling Problems
	3 Problem Definition
	4 Our Method
		4.1 Algorithm Overview
		4.2 Establishment of Batch
		4.3 Q-learning Method
	5 Experiment
		5.1 Experiment Settings
		5.2 Effectiveness Evaluation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Positioning
Localization Research Based on Low Cost Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 System Overview
	3 Agorithm Design
		3.1 Flow Chart
		3.2 Walking State Detection
		3.3 Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm
	4 Experimental Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Relative Floor Estimation for Indoor Co-navigation: A Machine Learning Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description
	3 Relative Floor Classification
		3.1 Relative Feature
		3.2 Relation Classifier
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Experiment Settings
		4.2 Comparison of Different Classifiers
		4.3 The Impact of Horizontal Distance by GPS
		4.4 The Impact of Training Samples
		4.5 The Impact of Different Signal Sources
	5 Conclusion
	References
Applications of Computer Vision
Defect Detection of Production Surface Based on CNN
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Implement Details
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Data Augmentation
		3.3 Backbone
		3.4 Detector
		3.5 Extra Module
		3.6 Transfer Learning
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Experiment Setup
		4.2 Multi-scale Anchors
		4.3 Comparison
		4.4 Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Image-Based Method for 3D Human Shapes Retrieval
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 The Spatial Coordinates of Human in the Image
		2.2 3D Pose Estimation from 2D Human Pose
		2.3 Similarity Computation for 3D Model Retrieval
	3 Experiments
	4 Conclusion
	References
MobiVision: A Novel Energy-Efficient Mobile Deep Learning Framework for Computer Vision
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Method
		3.1 Solution Space
		3.2 Large-Scale Solution Space Partitioning
		3.3 Customized Neural Network Framework Designing
	4 Model Performance
		4.1 DataSets and Data Preprocessing
		4.2 Coarse-Grained Clustering
		4.3 Classifiers
	5 Conclusion
	References
CrowdSensing
Mobile Crowd-Sensing System Based on Participant Selection
	1 Introduction
	2 Relative Work
	3 Problem Formulation
		3.1 Definition
		3.2 Assumptions
		3.3 Problem Formulation
	4 Method
		4.1 Data Speculation
		4.2 Participant Selection
	5 Experiment
		5.1 Data Preprocessing
		5.2 State Setting Experiment
		5.3 Air Quality Data Experiment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Quality-Aware and Penalty-Sensitive Opportunistic Crowdsensing in Mobile Relay Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Problem Formulation
		3.1 System Overview
		3.2 Relay Encouraging Coverage Maximization (RECM)
	4 Mechanism Design
		4.1 Basic-REG
		4.2 Approximation Analysis
		4.3 Enhanced-REG
		4.4 Penalty Sensitive Scenario
	5 Performance Evaluation
		5.1 Simulation Setup
		5.2 Evaluation of RECM
		5.3 Evaluation of Penalty Sensitive Scenario
	6 Conclusion
	References
Cloud and Related Technologies
Failure Prediction with Hierarchical Approach in Private Cloud
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 System Architecture
		3.1 Data Collection Module
		3.2 Data Storage Module
		3.3 VM Fault Monitoring Module
		3.4 Processing Behavior Management
	4 Proposed Method
		4.1 Data Cleaning
		4.2 Fast Filtering
		4.3 Confidence Judgment
		4.4 Complex Model
		4.5 The HFP Algorithm
	5 Result Analysis
		5.1 Experiments Setup
		5.2 Performance Analysis
		5.3 Feature Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Research on Job Scheduling Algorithms Based on Cloud Computing
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Evaluation Model
		3.1 Problem Definition
		3.2 Deadline Estimation Model
	4 (MQWAGS) Job Scheduling Algorithm
		4.1 Deadline Estimation Model Design Goals
		4.2 Examples of Job Scheduling Strategies
		4.3 Multi-queue Load-Aware Greedy Scheduling (MQWAGS)
	5 Experiment
		5.1 Experimental and Simulation Setup
		5.2 Experimental Results and Analysis and Simulation Setup
	6 Conclusions
	References
Recovering Cloud Services Using Hybrid Clouds Under Power Outage
	1 Introduction
	2 Model and Problem Formulation
	3 Online Algorithm
		3.1 Problem Transformation Using Lyapunov Optimization
		3.2 Power-Aware Online Algorithm
	4 Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	References
BED: A Block-Level Deduplication-Based Container Deployment Framework
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Motivation
		2.1 Deploying a Non-local Container
		2.2 Large Image Size Caused by Data Redundancy
		2.3 Deduplication for Container Image
	3 System Design
		3.1 Overview
		3.2 Enabling Block-Level Deduplication During Pulling an Image
		3.3 Reconstructing Image Layer with Blocks
		3.4 Overlapping Decompression, Pull, and Reconstruction
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Experimental Setups
		4.2 Overall Performance When Pulling Images in Batch
		4.3 Pull Time of Each Type of Images
		4.4 Benefit of Overlapping
	5 Related Work
		5.1 Fast Deployment of Container
		5.2 Deduplication in Virtualized Environments
	6 Conclusion
	References
Author Index