Great Events from History: The 20th Century

Cover Page......Page 1
Title: Great Events from History 1901-1940......Page 4
ISBN 1587653249......Page 5
1902......Page 6
1903......Page 7
1905......Page 8
1906......Page 9
1907......Page 10
1908......Page 11
1910......Page 12
1912......Page 13
1913......Page 14
1915......Page 15
1916......Page 16
1918......Page 17
1920......Page 18
1921......Page 19
1923......Page 20
1924......Page 21
1925......Page 22
1927......Page 23
1929......Page 24
1930......Page 25
1931......Page 26
1933......Page 27
1934......Page 28
1936......Page 29
1937......Page 30
1938......Page 31
1939......Page 32
Indexes......Page 33
Publisher’s Note......Page 35
Contributors......Page 39
Keyword List of Contents (with page links)......Page 49
List of Maps, Tables, and Sidebars (with page links)......Page 105
Maps......Page 115
Great Events from History 1901-1940......Page 121
Early 20th century Elster and Geitel Study Radioactivity......Page 122
Early 20th century Mahler Directs the Vienna Court Opera......Page 125
1901 Creation of the First Synthetic Vat Dye......Page 129
1901 Discovery of Human Blood Groups......Page 131
1901 Grijns Suggests the Cause of Beriberi......Page 135
1901 Hewitt Invents the Mercury-Vapor Lamp......Page 138
1901 Hopkins Announces the Discovery of Tryptophan......Page 141
1901 Ivanov Develops Artificial Insemination......Page 144
1901-1904 Kipping Discovers Silicones......Page 147
1901-1911 China Allows Some Western Reforms......Page 150
1901-1925 Teletype Is Developed......Page 153
January, 1901 American Bowling Club Hosts Its First Tournament......Page 155
January 1, 1901 Commonwealth of Australia Is Formed......Page 158
January 10, 1901 Discovery of Oil at Spindletop......Page 161
February 4, 1901 Reed Reports That Mosquitoes Transmit Yellow Fever......Page 164
February 26, 1901 Morgan Assembles the World’s Largest Corporation......Page 168
May 27, 1901 Insular Cases......Page 172
July 1, 1901 Canada Claims the Arctic Islands......Page 175
August 30, 1901 Booth Receives Patent for the Vacuum Cleaner......Page 177
September 14, 1901 Theodore Roosevelt Becomes U.S. President......Page 180
December 10, 1901 First Nobel Prizes Are Awarded......Page 183
December 10, 1901 Röntgen Wins the Nobel Prize for the Discovery of X Rays......Page 187
December 12, 1901 First Transatlantic Telegraphic Radio Transmission......Page 191
December 19, 1901 Completion of the Mombasa-Lake Victoria Railway......Page 195
1902 Bateson Publishes MENDEL’S PRINCIPLES OF HEREDITY......Page 198
1902 Carrel Rejoins Severed Blood Vessels......Page 202
1902 Cement Manufacturers Agree to Cooperate on Pricing......Page 205
1902 HEART OF DARKNESS Critiques Imperialism......Page 208
1902 Hobson Critiques Imperialism......Page 212
1902 James Proposes a Rational Basis for Religious Experience......Page 215
1902 Johnson Duplicates Disc Recordings......Page 217
1902 Levi Recognizes the Axiom of Choice in Set Theory......Page 220
1902 McClung Contributes to the Discovery of the Sex Chromosome......Page 223
1902 Philippines Ends Its Uprising Against the United States......Page 226
1902 Zsigmondy Invents the Ultramicroscope......Page 231
1902-1903 Pavlov Develops the Concept of Reinforcement......Page 233
1902-1913 Tiffany Leads the Art Nouveau Movement in the United States......Page 238
January, 1902 French Expedition at Susa Discovers Hammurabi’s Code......Page 242
January 1, 1902 First Rose Bowl Game......Page 245
January 30, 1902 Anglo-Japanese Treaty Brings Japan into World Markets......Page 248
February 17, 1902 Stieglitz Organizes the Photo-Secession......Page 251
March and June, 1902 Kennelly and Heaviside Theorize Existence of the Ionosphere......Page 255
March 4, 1902 American Automobile Association Is Established......Page 258
April, 1902 Rhodes Scholarships Are Instituted......Page 261
April-June, 1902 Bayliss and Starling Establish the Role of Hormones......Page 263
April 11, 1902 Caruso Records for the Gramophone and Typewriter Company......Page 267
May 8, 1902 Mount Pelée Erupts......Page 270
May 12-October 23, 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike......Page 273
May 31, 1902 Treaty of Vereeniging Ends the Boer War......Page 276
June 2, 1902-May 31, 1913 Expansion of Direct Democracy......Page 278
June 12, 1902 Australia Extends Suffrage to Women......Page 281
June 16, 1902 Russell Discovers the “Great Paradox”......Page 283
June 17, 1902 Reclamation Act Promotes Western Agriculture......Page 286
August, 1902 A TRIP TO THE MOON Introduces Special Effects......Page 290
August 12, 1902 Founding of International Harvester Company......Page 294
September 27, 1902 Tobacco Companies Unite to Split World Markets......Page 298
December, 1902 Sutton Proposes That Chromosomes Carry Hereditary Traits......Page 301
December 2-5, 1902 Founding of the International Sanitary Bureau......Page 306
1903 Delaware Revises Corporation Laws......Page 309
1903 Hoffmann and Moser Found the Wiener Werkstätte......Page 313
1903 Scott Publishes THE THEORY OF ADVERTISING......Page 316
1903 Shaw Articulates His Philosophy in MAN AND SUPERMAN......Page 320
1903 Tsiolkovsky Proposes Using Liquid Oxygen for Space Travel......Page 324
1903-1904 Hale Establishes Mount Wilson Observatory......Page 327
1903-1906 Pogroms in Imperial Russia......Page 331
1903-1957 Vaughan Williams Composes His Nine Symphonies......Page 334
January 5, 1903 LONE WOLF V. HITCHCOCK......Page 338
February 14, 1903 Creation of the U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor......Page 340
February 23, 1903 U.S. Supreme Court Upholds Federal Powers to Regulate Commerce......Page 343
March 14, 1903 First U.S. National Wildlife Refuge Is Established......Page 347
May, 1903 Roosevelt and Muir Visit Yosemite......Page 351
May 22, 1903 Platt Amendment......Page 355
May 23, 1903 Wisconsin Adopts the First Primary Election Law......Page 358
June 6, 1903 Founding of the Weekly INDIAN OPINION......Page 360
July 1, 1903 First Tour de France......Page 363
August 2-September, 1903 Ilinden Uprising in Macedonia......Page 365
August 9, 1903 Pius X Becomes Pope......Page 368
Fall, 1903 Gillette Markets the First Razor with a Disposable Blade......Page 371
Fall, 1903 THE GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY Introduces New Editing Techniques......Page 374
October 1-13, 1903 Baseball Holds Its First World Series......Page 377
October 10, 1903 Pankhursts Found the Women’s Social and Political Union......Page 380
November, 1903 Henry James’s THE AMBASSADORS Is Published......Page 385
November 3, 1903 Panama Declares Independence from Colombia......Page 389
November 18, 1903 U.S. Acquisition of the Panama Canal Zone......Page 392
December 10, 1903 Becquerel Wins the Nobel Prize for Discovering Natural Radioactivity......Page 396
December 17, 1903 Wright Brothers’ First Flight......Page 399
1904 Canadian Cultivation of Marquis Wheat......Page 402
1904 First Practical Photoelectric Cell Is Developed......Page 404
1904 Freud Advances the Psychoanalytic Method......Page 407
1904 Hartmann Discovers the First Evidence of Interstellar Matter......Page 409
1904 Kapteyn Discovers Two Star Streams in the Galaxy......Page 412
1904-1905 Bartók and Kodály Collect Hungarian Folk Songs......Page 416
1904-1905 Gorgas Develops Effective Methods of Mosquito Control......Page 419
1904-1905 Weber Posits the “Protestant Ethic”......Page 423
1904-1907 Brouwer Develops Intuitionist Foundations of Mathematics......Page 426
1904-1908 Haber Develops Process for Extracting Nitrogen from the Air......Page 429
1904-1908 Zermelo Undertakes Comprehensive Axiomatization of Set Theory......Page 432
1904-1912 Brandenberger Invents Cellophane......Page 435
January, 1904-1905 Herero and Nama Revolts......Page 438
February 9, 1904-September 5, 1905 Russo-Japanese War......Page 441
March 14, 1904 U.S. Supreme Court Rules Against Northern Securities......Page 444
April-May, 1904 Sherrington Clarifies the Role of the Nervous System......Page 448
April 8, 1904 Entente Cordiale......Page 452
April 18, 1904 L’HUMANITÉ Gives Voice to French Socialist Politics......Page 455
May 18, 1904 International Agreement Targets White Slave Trade......Page 457
Summer, 1904 Construction Begins on the Panama Canal......Page 461
September 7, 1904 Lhasa Convention Is Signed in Tibet......Page 465
October 31, 1904-1906 Welsh Revival Spreads Pentecostalism......Page 467
November 7, 1904 Cohan’s LITTLE JOHNNY JONES Premieres......Page 469
November 16, 1904 Fleming Patents the First Vacuum Tube......Page 473
December 26, 1904 Duncan Interprets Chopin in Her Russian Debut......Page 476
December 27, 1904 Abbey Theatre Heralds the Celtic Revival......Page 480
1905 Baker Establishes the 47 Workshop at Harvard......Page 483
1905 Einthoven Begins Clinical Studies with Electrocardiography......Page 486
1905 Hertzsprung Notes Relationship Between Star Color and Luminosity......Page 490
1905 Hoffmann Designs the Palais Stoclet......Page 493
1905 Introduction of the First Injectable Anesthetic......Page 497
1905 Punnett’s MENDELISM Includes Diagrams Showing Heredity......Page 499
1905 Singer Begins Manufacturing Sewing Machines in Russia......Page 503
1905-1907 Baekeland Invents Bakelite......Page 506
1905-1907 Boltwood Uses Radioactivity to Determine Ages of Rocks......Page 509
January 3, 1905 Pinchot Becomes Head of the U.S. Forest Service......Page 513
January 5, 1905 National Audubon Society Is Established......Page 517
January 22, 1905 Bloody Sunday......Page 520
January 30, 1905 U.S. Supreme Court Upholds Prosecution of the Beef Trust......Page 523
February 23, 1905 First American Service Organization Is Founded......Page 527
March, 1905 Einstein Describes the Photoelectric Effect......Page 529
March 31, 1905 Tangier Crisis......Page 532
April 17, 1905 U.S. Supreme Court Strikes Down Maximum Hours Law......Page 534
June, 1905 First Nickelodeon Film Theater Opens......Page 538
Summer, 1905 Avant-Garde Artists Form Die Brücke......Page 542
June 27, 1905 Founding of Industrial Workers of the World......Page 546
July 11, 1905 Founding of the Niagara Movement......Page 549
August, 1905 Lowell Predicts the Existence of Pluto......Page 553
August-December, 1905 Armstrong Committee Examines the Insurance Industry......Page 557
Fall, 1905 Einstein States His Theory of Special Relativity......Page 561
Fall, 1905 Stein Holds Her First Paris Salons......Page 564
October, 1905 Fauves Exhibit at the Salon d’Automne......Page 568
October 26, 1905 Norway Becomes Independent......Page 571
October 30, 1905 October Manifesto......Page 573
November 24, 1905 Reinhardt Becomes Director of the Deutsches Theater......Page 577
November 28, 1905 Sinn Féin Is Founded......Page 580
December, 1905 Crile Performs the First Direct Blood Transfusion......Page 583
December 9, 1905 Strauss’s SALOME Shocks Audiences......Page 586
1906 Anschütz-Kaempfe Invents the First Practical Gyrocompass......Page 589
1906 Barkla Discovers the Characteristic X Rays of the Elements......Page 592
1906 Bateson and Punnett Observe Gene Linkage......Page 595
1906 Cottrell Invents the Electrostatic Precipitation Process......Page 599
1906 Fréchet Introduces the Concept of Abstract Space......Page 602
1906 Hopkins Postulates the Presence of Vitamins......Page 605
1906 Markov Discovers the Theory of Linked Probabilities......Page 608
1906 Pareto Analyzes the Distribution of Wealth......Page 611
1906 Publication of THE ENGLISH HYMNAL......Page 613
1906-1907 Artists Find Inspiration in African Tribal Art......Page 615
1906-1910 Oldham and Mohorovicic Determine The Earth's Interior Structure......Page 618
1906-1913 Willstätter Discovers the Composition of Chlorophyll......Page 621
January 11, 1906 Founding of the Monist League Leads to the Eugenics Movement......Page 625
January 12, 1906 American College Football Allows the Forward Pass......Page 628
February, 1906 Sinclair Publishes THE JUNGLE......Page 630
February 12, 1906 Establishment of the British Labour Party......Page 634
Spring, 1906 Lee Establishes the Field of Public Relations......Page 637
April, 1906-1908 Azusa Street Revival......Page 641
April 18, 1906 San Francisco Earthquake......Page 643
May 10-July 21, 1906 First Meeting of the Duma......Page 647
June 26-27, 1906 First Grand Prix Auto Race......Page 650
June 27-29, 1906 International Association for the Prevention of Smoke Is Founded......Page 652
June 30, 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act......Page 655
July 20, 1906 Finland Grants Women Suffrage......Page 659
August 4, 1906 First German U-Boat Is Launched......Page 662
September 19, 1906 Bern Convention Prohibits Night Work for Women......Page 666
October, 1906-October, 1907 Persia Adopts a Constitution......Page 670
October 6, 1906 Launching of the DREADNOUGHT......Page 673
October 25, 1906 Japan Protests Segregation of Japanese in California Schools......Page 676
December 10, 1906 Thomson Wins the Nobel Prize for Discovering the Electron......Page 679
December 24, 1906 Fessenden Pioneers Radio Broadcasting......Page 682
December 30, 1906 Muslim League Protests Government Abuses of Minority Rights in India......Page 685
1907 Bergson’s CREATIVE EVOLUTION Inspires Artists and Thinkers......Page 688
1907 Famine Strikes Russia......Page 691
1907 Haldane Develops Stage Decompression for Deep-Sea Divers......Page 694
1907 Hertzsprung Describes Giant and Dwarf Stellar Divisions......Page 697
1907 Lumières Develop Color Photography......Page 700
1907 Meinecke Advances the Analytic Method in History......Page 703
1907 Plague Kills 1.2 Million in India......Page 705
1907 Publication of Busoni’s SKETCH FOR A NEW AESTHETIC OF MUSIC......Page 708
1907 Publication of James’s PRAGMATISM......Page 712
January 16, 1907-February 14, 1912 Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona Become U.S. States......Page 715
January 26, 1907 THE PLAYBOY OF THE WESTERN WORLD Offends Irish Audiences......Page 718
March, 1907 Romanian Peasant Revolt......Page 721
March 14, 1907 Gentlemen’s Agreement......Page 724
March 19, 1907-April, 1914 Publication of THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA......Page 727
Spring, 1907 Development of Nerve Fibers Is Observed......Page 729
May 14, 1907 Formation of the Plunket Society......Page 732
August, 1907 Baden-Powell Establishes the Boy Scouts......Page 734
August 31, 1907 Formation of the Triple Entente......Page 737
October, 1907 Deutscher Werkbund Is Founded......Page 739
October-November, 1907 Panic of 1907......Page 743
October 18, 1907 Second Hague Peace Conference......Page 746
October 22, 1907 Ringling Bros. Buys Barnum and Bailey Circus......Page 750
December 22, 1907 Pavlova Performs THE DYING SWAN......Page 753
1909
......Page 756
1908 Hardy and Weinberg Present a Model of Population Genetics......Page 759
1908 Hughes Revolutionizes Oil Well Drilling......Page 763
1908-1909 Schoenberg Breaks with Tonality......Page 765
1908-1915 Morgan Develops the Gene-Chromosome Theory......Page 769
January 11, 1908 Roosevelt Withdraws the Grand Canyon from Mining Claims......Page 772
January 21, 1908 THE GHOST SONATA Influences Modern Theater and Drama......Page 775
January 27, 1908 U.S. Supreme Court Ruling Allows Yellow-Dog Contracts......Page 778
February 3, 1908 Danbury Hatters Decision Constrains Secondary Boycotts......Page 782
February 11, 1908 Geiger and Rutherford Develop a Radiation Counter......Page 785
February 24, 1908 MULLER V. OREGON......Page 788
February 29, 1908 Cadillac Demonstrates Interchangeable Parts......Page 791
April 8, 1908 Harvard University Founds a Business School......Page 795
May 13-15, 1908 Conference on the Conservation of Natural Resources......Page 798
May 26, 1908 Oil Is Discovered in Persia......Page 802
Summer, 1908 Salon d’Automne Rejects Braque’s Cubist Works......Page 804
June 26, 1908 Hale Discovers Strong Magnetic Fields in Sunspots......Page 807
July 24, 1908 Young Turks Stage a Coup in the Ottoman Empire......Page 810
July 26, 1908 Bureau of Investigation Begins Operation......Page 813
October 3, 1908 First Issue of PRAVDA Appears......Page 816
October 7, 1908 Austria Annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina......Page 818
November-December, 1908 Ehrlich and Metchnikoff Conduct Pioneering Immunity Research......Page 820
November 1, 1908 Belgium Annexes the Congo......Page 824
November 28, 1908 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR Is Founded......Page 828
December, 1908 Boule Reconstructs the First Neanderthal Skeleton......Page 831
December 3, 1908 Elgar’s First Symphony Premieres to Acclaim......Page 834
December 21, 1908 Cairo University Is Inaugurated......Page 837
December 26, 1908 First Black Heavyweight Boxing Champion......Page 840
December 28, 1908 Earthquake and Tsunami Devastate Sicily......Page 842
1909 First Kibbutz Is Established in Palestine......Page 844
1909 Johannsen Coins the Terms “Gene,” “Genotype,” and “Phenotype”......Page 847
1909 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Admits Women to University Education......Page 850
1909 Steinitz Inaugurates Modern Abstract Algebra......Page 852
1909-1913 United States Begins “Dollar Diplomacy”......Page 855
1909-1929 Pickford Reigns as “America’s Sweetheart”......Page 858
January-August, 1909 Millikan Conducts His Oil-Drop Experiment......Page 862
February 12, 1909 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Is Founded......Page 865
February 20, 1909 Marinetti Issues the Futurist Manifesto......Page 868
March, 1909-1912 Republican Congressional Insurgency......Page 872
March 4, 1909 U.S. Congress Updates Copyright Law......Page 874
April, 1909-August, 1911 Parliament Act Redefines British Democracy......Page 877
April 6, 1909 Peary and Henson Reach the North Pole......Page 880
May 19, 1909 Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes Astounds Paris......Page 883
June 2, 1909 Fokine’s LES SYLPHIDES Introduces Abstract Ballet......Page 887
July 25, 1909 First Airplane Flight Across the English Channel......Page 890
August 5, 1909 Tariff Act of 1909 Limits Corporate Privacy......Page 893
August 19, 1909 First Auto Race at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway......Page 897
October, 1909 Canada Cement Affair Prompts Legislative Reform......Page 899
October, 1909 Completion of the AEG Turbine Factory......Page 902
1910’s Garbage Industry Introduces Reforms......Page 905
1910’s Handy Ushers in the Commercial Blues Era......Page 907
1910 Angell Advances Pacifism......Page 911
1910 Electric Washing Machine Is Introduced......Page 913
1910 EUTHENICS Calls for Pollution Control......Page 917
1910 Gaudí Completes the Casa Milá Apartment House......Page 921
1910 Rous Discovers That Some Cancers Are Caused by Viruses......Page 924
1910 Steinmetz Warns of Pollution in “The Future of Electricity”......Page 928
1910 Thomson Confirms the Possibility of Isotopes......Page 932
1910-1913 PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA Defines the Logistic Movement......Page 935
1910-1930 Great Northern Migration......Page 939
Spring, 1910 Poiret’s Hobble Skirt Becomes the Rage......Page 941
April, 1910 Ehrlich Introduces Salvarsan as a Cure for Syphilis......Page 944
April 5, 1910 First Morris Plan Bank Opens......Page 948
May 31, 1910 Formation of the Union of South Africa......Page 951
June 25, 1910 THE FIREBIRD Premieres in Paris......Page 954
July 1, 1910 U.S. Bureau of Mines Is Established......Page 957
August 22, 1910 Japanese Annexation of Korea......Page 959
October 5, 1910 Republic of Portugal Is Proclaimed......Page 962
Mid-October, 1910-December 1, 1920 Mexican Revolution......Page 964
November 25, 1910 Carnegie Establishes the Endowment for International Peace......Page 968
1911 Boas Publishes THE MIND OF PRIMITIVE MAN......Page 970
1911 Hashimoto Founds the Nissan Motor Company......Page 973
1911-1912 Italy Annexes Libya......Page 977
1911-1920 Borden Leads Canada Through World War I......Page 980
1911-1923 Rilke’s DUINO ELEGIES Redefines Poetics......Page 983
March 15, 1911 Scriabin’s PROMETHEUS Premieres in Moscow......Page 986
March 25, 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire......Page 989
March 28, 1911 Baro-Kano Railroad Begins Operation in Nigeria......Page 994
April 3, 1911 Sibelius Conducts the Premiere of His Fourth Symphony......Page 997
April 14, 1911 Lever Acquires Land Concession in the Belgian Congo......Page 1000
May 15, 1911 U.S. Supreme Court Establishes the “Rule of Reason”......Page 1003
May 29, 1911 U.S. Supreme Court Breaks Up the American Tobacco Company......Page 1007
July 1, 1911 Agadir Crisis......Page 1011
July 24, 1911 Bingham Discovers Machu Picchu......Page 1013
September, 1911 Der Blaue Reiter Abandons Representation in Art......Page 1018
September 4-15, 1911 Students Challenge Corporal Punishment in British Schools......Page 1021
September 14, 1911 Assassination of Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin......Page 1025
Fall, 1911 Sturtevant Produces the First Chromosome Map......Page 1027
October 10, 1911 Sun Yixian Overthrows the Qing Dynasty......Page 1030
November 20, 1911 Mahler’s Masterpiece DAS LIED VON DER ERDE Premieres......Page 1034
December 2, 1911 Australasian Antarctic Expedition Commences......Page 1037
December 14, 1911 Amundsen Reaches the South Pole......Page 1040
December 31, 1911 Parliament Nationalizes the British Telephone System......Page 1043
1912 Grey’s RIDERS OF THE PURPLE SAGE Launches the Western Genre......Page 1046
1912 Jung Publishes THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE UNCONSCIOUS......Page 1049
1912 Kandinsky Publishes His Theory of Abstract Art......Page 1053
1912 Slipher Obtains the Spectrum of a Distant Galaxy......Page 1056
1912-1913 Bohr Uses Quantum Theory to Identify Atomic Structure......Page 1059
1912-1914 Abel Develops the First Artificial Kidney......Page 1063
1912-1915 X-Ray Crystallography Is Developed by the Braggs......Page 1066
1912-1929 Wahhabiism Strengthens In Saudi Arabia......Page 1069
January, 1912 Wegener Proposes the Theory of Continental Drift......Page 1071
January 8, 1912 South African Native National Congress Meets......Page 1075
February 23, 1912 International Opium Convention Is Signed......Page 1077
March 3, 1912 Leavitt Discovers How to Measure Galactic Distances......Page 1080
March 7, 1912 Rutherford Describes the Atomic Nucleus......Page 1083
Spring, 1912 Pound Announces the Birth of the Imagist Movement......Page 1086
April 9, 1912 Children’s Bureau Is Founded......Page 1089
April 14-15, 1912 Sinking of the TITANIC......Page 1093
May 5-July 27, 1912 Stockholm Hosts the Summer Olympics......Page 1096
May 29, 1912 L’APRÈS-MIDI D’UN FAUNE Scandalizes Parisian Audiences......Page 1098
June 4, 1912 Massachusetts Adopts the First Minimum Wage Law in the United States......Page 1101
June 7, 1912 Pope Pius X Condemns Slavery......Page 1104
July 10, 1912 Massey Is Elected Prime Minister of New Zealand......Page 1107
August, 1912 Sennett Defines Slapstick Comedy......Page 1109
August 4-November, 1912 U.S. Intervention in Nicaragua......Page 1112
August 7 and 12, 1912 Hess Discovers Cosmic Rays......Page 1116
August 14, 1912 U.S. Public Health Service Is Established......Page 1119
October, 1912 Harriet Monroe Founds POETRY Magazine......Page 1122
October 12, 1912 First Conference of the Society of American Indians......Page 1126
October 18, 1912-August 10, 1913 Balkan Wars......Page 1129
November 5, 1912 Wilson Is Elected U.S. President......Page 1132
1913 Apollinaire Defines Cubism......Page 1136
1913 Duchamp’s “Readymades” Redefine Art......Page 1140
1913 Edison Shows the First Talking Pictures......Page 1143
1913 First Geothermal Power Plant Begins Operation......Page 1146
1913 Fuller Brush Company Is Incorporated......Page 1149
1913 Gutenberg Discovers Earth’s Mantle-Outer Core Boundary......Page 1152
1913 Hertzsprung Uses Cepheid Variables to Calculate Distances to the Stars......Page 1155
1913 Husserl Advances Phenomenology......Page 1158
1913 Salomon Develops Mammography......Page 1161
1913 Schick Introduces a Test for Diphtheria......Page 1164
1913-1927 Proust Publishes REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST......Page 1166
January, 1913 Burton Refines Petroleum with Thermal Cracking......Page 1170
January 17, 1913 Fabry Quantifies Ozone in the Upper Atmosphere......Page 1174
February 17-March 15, 1913 Armory Show......Page 1177
February 25, 1913 U.S. Federal Income Tax Is Authorized......Page 1180
March 1, 1913 Ford Assembly Line Begins Operation......Page 1184
March 4, 1913 Migratory Bird Act......Page 1188
March 31, 1913 Webern’s Six Pieces for Large Orchestra Premieres......Page 1191
May 14, 1913 Rockefeller Foundation Is Founded......Page 1195
May 20, 1913 Passage of the First Alien Land Law......Page 1197
May 29, 1913 THE RITE OF SPRING Stuns Audiences......Page 1200
August, 1913 Advertisers Adopt a Truth-in-Advertising Code......Page 1203
September, 1913 Anti-Defamation League Is Founded......Page 1206
November 5, 1913 Completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct......Page 1209
December, 1913 Russell Announces His Theory of Stellar Evolution......Page 1213
December 19, 1913 U.S. Congress Approves a Dam in Hetch Hetchy Valley......Page 1216
December 23, 1913 Federal Reserve Act......Page 1220
1915
......Page 1224
1914 U.S. Government Begins Using Cost-Plus Contracts......Page 1227
January 5, 1914 Ford Announces a Five-Dollar, Eight-Hour Workday......Page 1231
February 13, 1914 ASCAP Forms to Protect Writers and Publishers of Music......Page 1235
March, 1914 Gilbreth Publishes THE PSYCHOLOGY OF MANAGEMENT......Page 1239
June 28-August 4, 1914 Outbreak of World War I......Page 1242
June 28, 1914-November 11, 1918 World War I......Page 1245
August 15, 1914 Panama Canal Opens......Page 1251
September 1, 1914 Last Passenger Pigeon Dies......Page 1254
September 5-9, 1914 First Battle of the Marne......Page 1258
September 15, 1914 Irish Home Rule Bill......Page 1261
September 22, 1914 Germany Begins Extensive Submarine Warfare......Page 1264
September 26, 1914 Federal Trade Commission Is Organized......Page 1266
October 15, 1914 Clayton Antitrust Act......Page 1270
October 15, 1914 Labor Unions Win Exemption from Antitrust Laws......Page 1274
October 30, 1914 Spain Declares Neutrality in World War I......Page 1277
November 5, 1914 British Mount a Second Front Against the Ottomans......Page 1279
November 7, 1914 Lippmann Helps to Establish THE NEW REPUBLIC......Page 1282
1915 Merrill Lynch & Company Is Founded......Page 1285
1915 THE METAMORPHOSIS Anticipates Modern Feelings of Alienation......Page 1289
1915-1919 National Birth Control League Forms......Page 1292
January 19, 1915 Germany Launches the First Zeppelin Bombing Raids......Page 1295
January 25, 1915 First Transcontinental Telephone Call Is Made......Page 1298
February 19, 1915-January 9, 1916 Gallipoli Campaign Falters......Page 1301
March, 1915 Defense of India Act Impedes the Freedom Struggle......Page 1304
March 3, 1915 Griffith Releases THE BIRTH OF A NATION......Page 1309
April 22-27, 1915 Germany Uses Poison Gas Against Allied Troops......Page 1313
April 24, 1915 Armenian Genocide Begins......Page 1316
April 28-May 1, 1915 International Congress of Women......Page 1320
May, 1915 Fokker Aircraft Are Equipped with Machine Guns......Page 1323
May 7, 1915 German Torpedoes Sink the LUSITANIA......Page 1327
May 20, 1915 Corning Glass Works Trademarks Pyrex......Page 1330
Summer, 1915 Denishawn School of Dance Opens......Page 1332
September, 1915-February, 1916 McLean Discovers the Natural Anticoagulant Heparin......Page 1336
September 5-8, 1915, and April 24-30, 1916 Zimmerwald and Kienthal Conferences......Page 1338
September 11, 1915 Women’s Institutes Are Founded in Great Britain......Page 1341
October, 1915-March, 1917 Langevin Develops Active Sonar......Page 1344
October 21, 1915 First Demonstration of Transatlantic Radiotelephony......Page 1348
November 25, 1915 Einstein Completes His Theory of General Relativity......Page 1351
December 8, 1915 Poppies Become a Symbol for Fallen Soldiers......Page 1354
December 17, 1915 Malevich Introduces Suprematism......Page 1356
1916 Completion of the Trans-Siberian Railroad......Page 1360
1916 Dada Movement Emerges at the Cabaret Voltaire......Page 1363
1916 Dewey Applies Pragmatism to Education......Page 1366
1916 Ives Completes His Fourth Symphony......Page 1368
1916 Schwarzschild Solves the Equations of General Relativity......Page 1371
January-June, 1916 Lenin Critiques Modern Capitalism......Page 1374
February 21-December 18, 1916 Battle of Verdun......Page 1377
March 15, 1916-February 5, 1917 Pershing Expedition......Page 1380
April 24-29, 1916 Easter Rebellion......Page 1383
May 31-June 1, 1916 Battle of Jutland......Page 1387
June 5, 1916 Brandeis Becomes the First Jewish Supreme Court Justice......Page 1390
July, 1916 Fayol Publishes GENERAL AND INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT......Page 1393
July, 1916 New York City Institutes a Comprehensive Zoning Law......Page 1397
August, 1916 Hindenburg Program Militarizes the German Economy......Page 1400
August 25, 1916 National Park Service Is Created......Page 1403
September 8, 1916 United States Establishes a Permanent Tariff Commission......Page 1406
September 11, 1916 First Self-Service Grocery Store Opens......Page 1409
September 19, 1916 American Institute of Accountants Is Founded......Page 1413
October 16, 1916 First American Birth Control Clinic Opens......Page 1416
November 7, 1916 First Woman Is Elected to the U.S. Congress......Page 1420
1917 American Farmers Increase Insecticide Use......Page 1424
1917 Birdseye Invents Quick-Frozen Foods......Page 1427
1917 National Woman’s Party Is Founded......Page 1430
1917 DE STIJL Advocates Mondrian’s Neoplasticism......Page 1433
1917 Yeats Publishes THE WILD SWANS AT COOLE......Page 1436
1917-1918 Bolsheviks Suppress the Russian Orthodox Church......Page 1439
1917-1920 Ukrainian Nationalists Struggle for Independence......Page 1442
1917-1924 Russian Communists Inaugurate the Red Terror......Page 1445
1917-1970 Pound’s CANTOS Is Published......Page 1449
January 31, 1917 Mexican Constitution Establishes an Advanced Labor Code......Page 1453
February 5, 1917 Immigration Act of 1917......Page 1457
February 26, 1917 Mount McKinley National Park Is Created......Page 1460
March-November, 1917 Lenin Leads the Russian Revolution......Page 1464
March 2, 1917 Jones Act of 1917......Page 1468
April 6, 1917 United States Enters World War I......Page 1470
April 13, 1917 U.S. Curtails Civil Liberties During World War I......Page 1474
April 30, 1917 Formation of the American Friends Service Committee......Page 1477
May, 1917 Universal Negro Improvement Association Establishes a U.S. Chapter......Page 1479
May 13-October 17, 1917 Marian Apparitions in Fátima, Portugal......Page 1481
June, 1917 First Pulitzer Prizes Are Awarded......Page 1484
June 15, 1917, and May 16, 1918 Espionage and Sedition Acts......Page 1488
July 8, 1917 United States Establishes the War Industries Board......Page 1492
September 15, 1917 FORBES Magazine Is Founded......Page 1495
September 20, 1917 Canadian Women Gain the Vote......Page 1498
October 3, 1917 U.S. Congress Imposes a Wartime Excess-Profits Tax......Page 1500
October 15, 1917 France Executes Mata Hari......Page 1504
November, 1917 Hooker Telescope Is Installed on Mount Wilson......Page 1506
November 2, 1917 Balfour Declaration Supports a Jewish Homeland in Palestine......Page 1510
November 6-7, 1917 Bolsheviks Mount the October Revolution......Page 1514
December 6, 1917 Halifax Explosion......Page 1518
December 6, 1917-October 14, 1920 Finland Gains Independence......Page 1520
1918 Cather’s MY ÁNTONIA Promotes Regional Literature......Page 1524
1918 Noether Shows the Equivalence of Symmetry and Conservation......Page 1527
1918-1919 Germans Revolt and Form a Socialist Government......Page 1530
1918-1919 Rietveld Designs the Red-Blue Chair......Page 1533
1918-1921 Russian Civil War......Page 1537
January 8, 1918 Shapley Proves the Sun Is Distant from the Center of Our Galaxy......Page 1540
February 6, 1918 British Women Gain the Vote......Page 1543
February 24, 1918-August 11, 1920 Baltic States Gain Independence......Page 1546
March, 1918-1919 Influenza Epidemic Strikes......Page 1549
March 3, 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk......Page 1552
Summer, 1918 Rise of Cultural Relativism Revises Historiography......Page 1555
July 3, 1918 Migratory Bird Treaty Act......Page 1558
September 26-November 11, 1918 Meuse-Argonne Offensive......Page 1561
November, 1918-June, 1920 Demobilization of U.S. Forces After World War I......Page 1565
November 5, 1918-November 2, 1920 Republican Resurgence Ends America’s Progressive Era......Page 1568
December 1, 1918 Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes Declares Independence......Page 1571
December 21, 1918 Birth of Czechoslovakia......Page 1574
1919 Aston Builds the First Mass Spectrograph and Discovers Isotopes......Page 1576
1919 Founding of the World Christian Fundamentals Association......Page 1579
1919 German Artists Found the Bauhaus......Page 1581
1919 Mises Develops the Frequency Theory of Probability......Page 1584
1919 Principles of Shortwave Radio Communication Are Discovered......Page 1587
1919-1920 Ponzi Cheats Thousands in an Investment Scheme......Page 1591
1919-1921 Bjerknes Discovers Fronts in Atmospheric Circulation......Page 1595
1919-1933 Racist Theories Aid Nazi Rise to Political Power......Page 1597
January 15, 1919 Assassination of Rosa Luxemburg......Page 1600
January 19-21, 1919 Paris Peace Conference Addresses Protection for Minorities......Page 1604
February 1, 1919 Lenin Approves the First Soviet Nature Preserve......Page 1607
March 2-6, 1919 Lenin Establishes the Comintern......Page 1611
March 15-May 9, 1919 Formation of the American Legion......Page 1614
Spring, 1919 Frisch Discovers That Bees Communicate Through Body Movements......Page 1616
April 13, 1919 British Soldiers Massacre Indians at Amritsar......Page 1618
April 28, 1919 League of Nations Is Established......Page 1622
May 4, 1919 May Fourth Movement......Page 1627
May 15-June 26, 1919 Winnipeg General Strike......Page 1630
May 19, 1919-September 11, 1922 Greco-Turkish War......Page 1632
May 20, 1919 National Parks and Conservation Association Is Founded......Page 1635
June 28, 1919 International Labor Organization Is Established......Page 1638
June 28, 1919 Treaty of Versailles......Page 1642
July 31, 1919 Weimar Constitution......Page 1646
August, 1919-May, 1920 Red Scare......Page 1648
September 10, 1919 Saint-Germain-en-Laye Convention Attempts to Curtail Slavery......Page 1652
September 22, 1919-January 8, 1920 Steelworkers Strike for Improved Working Conditions......Page 1656
October 1-9, 1919 Black Sox Scandal......Page 1659
November 6, 1919 Einstein’s Theory of Gravitation Is Confirmed over Newton’s Theory......Page 1662
November 16, 1919 Horthy Consolidates Power in Hungary......Page 1665
Early 1920’s Slipher Presents Evidence of Redshifts in Galactic Spectra......Page 1667
1920’s Chanel Defines Modern Women’s Fashion......Page 1670
1920’s Donham Promotes the Case Study Teaching Method at Harvard......Page 1672
1920’s Harlem Renaissance......Page 1676
1920’s Jantzen Popularizes the One-Piece Bathing Suit......Page 1679
1920’s Radio Develops as a Mass Broadcast Medium......Page 1683
Early 1920 Britain Represses Somali Rebellion......Page 1687
1920 Advisory Councils Give Botswana Natives Limited Representation......Page 1689
1920 THE MYSTERIOUS AFFAIR AT STYLES Introduces Hercule Poirot......Page 1692
1920 Premiere of THE CABINET OF DR. CALIGARI......Page 1696
1920-1921 Ireland Is Granted Home Rule and Northern Ireland Is Created......Page 1699
1920-1922 Gandhi Leads a Noncooperation Movement......Page 1704
1920-1924 Melville Is Rediscovered as a Major American Novelist......Page 1708
1920-1925 Great Britain Establishes Unemployment Benefits......Page 1711
1920-1930 Millikan Investigates Cosmic Rays......Page 1715
January 3, 1920 New York Yankees Acquire Babe Ruth......Page 1718
January 16, 1920 Formation of Les Six......Page 1722
January 16, 1920-December 5, 1933 Prohibition......Page 1725
January 19, 1920 American Civil Liberties Union Is Founded......Page 1728
February 14, 1920 League of Women Voters Is Founded......Page 1731
February 25, 1920 Mineral Act Regulates Public Lands......Page 1735
March 1, 1920 UNITED STATES V. UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION......Page 1739
April 26, 1920 Great Britain and France Sign the San Remo Agreement......Page 1742
May-November, 1920 Great Iraqi Revolt......Page 1746
May 7, 1920 Group of Seven Exhibition......Page 1749
May 16, 1920 Canonization of Joan of Arc......Page 1751
July, 1920 Procter & Gamble Announces Plans to Sell Directly to Retailers......Page 1754
July 10, 1920-September, 1926 Meighen Era in Canada......Page 1757
August 20-September 17, 1920 Formation of the American Professional Football Association......Page 1759
August 20-November 2, 1920 Radio Broadcasting Begins......Page 1762
August 26, 1920 U.S. Women Gain the Right to Vote......Page 1765
September 8, 1920 U.S. Post Office Begins Transcontinental Airmail Delivery......Page 1769
November 20, 1920 Formation of Qantas Airlines......Page 1773
December 13, 1920 Michelson Measures the Diameter of a Star......Page 1775
December 13, 1920 Permanent Court of International Justice Is Established......Page 1778
December 29, 1920 General Motors Institutes a Multidivisional Structure......Page 1780
December 29, 1920 Rise of the French Communist Party......Page 1784
1921 Boulanger Takes Copland as a Student......Page 1786
1921 First Woman Elected to Australian Parliament......Page 1790
1921 Larson Constructs the First Modern Polygraph......Page 1792
1921 Man Ray Creates the Rayograph......Page 1794
1921 Noether Publishes the Theory of Ideals in Rings......Page 1798
1921 Sweden Abolishes Capital Punishment......Page 1801
1921 Tuberculosis Vaccine BCG Is Developed......Page 1804
1921 Wittgenstein Emerges as an Important Philosopher......Page 1807
1921-1922 Banting and Best Isolate the Hormone Insulin......Page 1810
1921-1923 Famine in Russia Claims Millions of Lives......Page 1813
1921-1923 Hašek’s THE GOOD SOLDIER ŠVEJK Reflects Postwar Disillusionment......Page 1816
1921-1923 Scandals of the Harding Administration......Page 1819
1921-1923 Schoenberg Develops His Twelve-Tone System......Page 1822
1921-1924 Ku Klux Klan Spreads Terror in the American South......Page 1826
1921-1948 King Era in Canada......Page 1830
March, 1921 Lenin Announces the New Economic Policy......Page 1832
March 18, 1921 Poland Secures Independence......Page 1836
March 20, 1921 Plebiscite Splits Upper Silesia Between Poland and Germany......Page 1840
May 10, 1921 Pirandello’s SIX CHARACTERS IN SEARCH OF AN AUTHOR Premieres......Page 1842
May 19, 1921 Emergency Quota Act......Page 1846
August, 1921 Moplah Rebellion......Page 1849
September 8, 1921 First Miss America Is Crowned......Page 1851
November 11, 1921 Harding Eulogizes the Unknown Soldier......Page 1855
November 11-13, 1921, and March 25-31, 1925 Sanger Organizes Conferences on Birth Control......Page 1858
November 12, 1921-February 6, 1922 Washington Disarmament Conference......Page 1862
November 23, 1921-June 30, 1929 Sheppard-Towner Act......Page 1866
1922 Eliot Publishes THE WASTE LAND......Page 1869
1922 First Major U.S. Shopping Center Opens......Page 1872
1922 First Meeting of the Vienna Circle......Page 1875
1922 McCollum Names Vitamin D and Pioneers Its Use Against Rickets......Page 1878
January, 1922 Izaak Walton League Is Formed......Page 1881
February, 1922 READER’S DIGEST Is Founded......Page 1884
February 2, 1922 Joyce’s ULYSSES Redefines Modern Fiction......Page 1888
April 16, 1922 Treaty of Rapallo......Page 1893
June, 1922 New Wimbledon Tennis Stadium Is Dedicated......Page 1896
July 24, 1922 League of Nations Establishes Mandate for Palestine......Page 1898
September 22, 1922 Cable Act......Page 1900
October 24-30, 1922 Mussolini’s “March on Rome”......Page 1903
November 4, 1922 Carter Discovers the Tomb of Tutankhamen......Page 1905
November 13, 1922 OZAWA V. UNITED STATES......Page 1909
December 10, 1922 Nansen Wins the Nobel Peace Prize......Page 1911
December 14, 1922 Oil Is Discovered in Venezuela......Page 1915
1923 A. C. Nielsen Company Pioneers in Marketing and Media Research......Page 1917
1923 Andrews Expedition Discovers the First Fossilized Dinosaur Eggs......Page 1919
1923 Buber Breaks New Ground in Religious Philosophy......Page 1923
1923 De Broglie Explains the Wave-Particle Duality of Light......Page 1925
1923 Discovery of the Compton Effect......Page 1928
1923 Federal Power Commission Disallows Kings River Dams......Page 1931
1923 Germans Barter for Goods in Response to Hyperinflation......Page 1935
1923 Kahn Develops a Modified Syphilis Test......Page 1938
1923 THE TEN COMMANDMENTS Advances American Film Spectacle......Page 1941
1923-1939 CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY Appears......Page 1945
January 11, 1923-August 16, 1924 France Occupies the Ruhr......Page 1947
February 15, 1923 Bessie Smith Records “Downhearted Blues”......Page 1951
March 3, 1923 Luce Founds TIME Magazine......Page 1954
March 5, 1923 Nevada and Montana Introduce Old-Age Pensions......Page 1959
March 14, 1923 American Management Association Is Established......Page 1961
April 9, 1923 U.S. Supreme Court Rules Against Minimum Wage Laws......Page 1965
Summer, 1923 Zdansky Discovers Peking Man......Page 1968
June 26, 1923 Oklahoma Imposes Martial Law in Response to KKK Violence......Page 1971
August 27-September 29, 1923 Corfu Crisis......Page 1974
September 1, 1923 Earthquake Rocks Japan......Page 1976
October, 1923 Teapot Dome Scandal......Page 1978
October 1, 1923 Great Britain Grants Self-Government to Southern Rhodesia......Page 1983
October 18, 1923 Stravinsky Completes His Wind Octet......Page 1986
November 8, 1923 Beer Hall Putsch......Page 1990
December 10, 1923 Proposal of the Equal Rights Amendment......Page 1992
December 29, 1923 Zworykin Applies for Patent on an Early Type of Television......Page 1994
1924 Hubble Determines the Distance to the Andromeda Nebula......Page 1998
1924 Mann’s THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN Reflects European Crisis......Page 2001
1924 Soviets Establish a Society for the Protection of Nature......Page 2005
1924 Steenbock Discovers Sunlight Increases Vitamin D in Food......Page 2008
1924 Svedberg Develops the Ultracentrifuge......Page 2010
1924 U.S. Government Loses Its Suit Against Alcoa......Page 2013
1924-1932 Hawthorne Studies Examine Human Productivity......Page 2017
1924-1976 Howard Hughes Builds a Business Empire......Page 2020
January 25-February 5, 1924 First Winter Olympic Games......Page 2024
February, 1924 IBM Changes Its Name and Product Line......Page 2026
February 12, 1924 Gershwin’s RHAPSODY IN BLUE Premieres in New York......Page 2030
March, 1924 Eddington Formulates the Mass-Luminosity Law for Stars......Page 2033
March 31, 1924 Formation of the Blue Four Advances Abstract Painting......Page 2036
May 21, 1924 Farmers Dynamite the Los Angeles Aqueduct......Page 2039
May 26, 1924 Immigration Act of 1924......Page 2043
May 28, 1924 U.S. Congress Establishes the Border Patrol......Page 2047
June 2, 1924 Indian Citizenship Act......Page 2050
June 3, 1924 Gila Wilderness Area Is Designated......Page 2052
June 7, 1924 Oil Pollution Act Sets Penalties for Polluters......Page 2056
Summer, 1924 Dart Discovers the First Australopithecine Fossil......Page 2059
September 1, 1924 Dawes Plan......Page 2062
October, 1924 Surrealism Is Born......Page 2064
October 21, 1924 Halibut Treaty......Page 2068
November 4, 1924 Coolidge Is Elected U.S. President......Page 2070
December, 1924 Hubble Shows That Other Galaxies Are Independent Systems......Page 2074
December 4, 1924 Von Stroheim’s Silent Masterpiece GREED Premieres......Page 2077
December 10, 1924 Hoover Becomes the Director of the U.S. Bureau of Investigation......Page 2080
1925 THE CITY Initiates the Study of Urban Ecology......Page 2083
1925 Cranbrook Academy Promotes the Arts and Crafts Movement......Page 2086
1925 Eisenstein’s POTEMKIN Introduces New Film Editing Techniques......Page 2089
1925 Gide’s THE COUNTERFEITERS Questions Moral Absolutes......Page 2093
1925 Hamilton Publishes INDUSTRIAL POISONS IN THE UNITED STATES......Page 2097
1925 McKinsey Founds a Management Consulting Firm......Page 2101
1925 New Objectivity Movement Is Introduced......Page 2104
1925 Sears, Roebuck Opens Its First Retail Outlet......Page 2108
1925 Whipple Discovers Importance of Iron for Red Blood Cells......Page 2111
1925 Woolf’s MRS. DALLOWAY Explores Women’s Consciousness......Page 2114
1925-1926 Mussolini Seizes Dictatorial Powers in Italy......Page 2118
1925-1927 Gance’s NAPOLÉON Revolutionizes Filmmaking Techniques......Page 2122
1925-1935 Women’s Rights in India Undergo a Decade of Change......Page 2125
1925-1979 Pahlavi Shahs Attempt to Modernize Iran......Page 2128
January 1, 1925 Bell Labs Is Formed......Page 2132
January 5, 1925 First Female Governor in the United States......Page 2135
February 2, 1925 U.S. Congress Authorizes Private Carriers for Airmail......Page 2138
February 21, 1925 Ross Founds THE NEW YORKER......Page 2141
February 28, 1925 Corrupt Practices Act Limits Political Contributions......Page 2145
Spring, 1925 Pauli Formulates the Exclusion Principle......Page 2148
April, 1925-May, 1927 German Expedition Discovers the Mid-Atlantic Ridge......Page 2151
April 10, 1925 Fitzgerald Captures the Roaring Twenties in THE GREAT GATSBY......Page 2154
May-June, 1925 Paris Exhibition Defines Art Deco......Page 2158
May 1, 1925 Cyprus Becomes a British Crown Colony......Page 2161
May 5, 1925 Japan Introduces Suffrage for Men......Page 2163
May 17, 1925 Thérèse of Lisieux Is Canonized......Page 2165
June 17, 1925 Geneva Protocol Is Signed......Page 2168
June 26, 1925 Chaplin Produces His Masterpiece THE GOLD RUSH......Page 2171
July 10-21, 1925 Scopes Trial......Page 2175
July 18, 1925-December 11, 1926 MEIN KAMPF Outlines Nazi Thought......Page 2179
August 7, 1925 West African Student Union Is Founded......Page 2183
August 14, 1925 Norway Annexes Svalbard......Page 2185
September 30, 1925 Chesterton Critiques Modernism and Defends Christianity......Page 2187
October, 1925 Germany Attempts to Restructure the Versailles Treaty......Page 2190
October-December, 1925 Baker Dances in LA REVUE NÈGRE......Page 2194
October 23, 1925 Greece Invades Bulgaria......Page 2197
November, 1925 Armstrong Records with the Hot Five......Page 2200
November 28, 1925 WSM Launches THE GRAND OLE OPRY......Page 2203
December 14, 1925 Berg’s WOZZECK Premieres in Berlin......Page 2207
1926 Vernadsky Publishes THE BIOSPHERE......Page 2210
1926-1927 Mail-Order Clubs Revolutionize Book Sales......Page 2213
1926-1949 Chinese Civil War......Page 2217
March 16, 1926 Launching of the First Liquid-Fueled Rocket......Page 2220
May, 1926 Durant Publishes THE STORY OF PHILOSOPHY......Page 2223
May 3-12, 1926 British Workers Launch General Strike......Page 2226
May 12-15, 1926 Pilsudski Seizes Power in Poland......Page 2230
May 20, 1926 Air Commerce Act Creates a Federal Airways System......Page 2233
May 20, 1926 Railway Labor Act Provides for Mediation of Labor Disputes......Page 2236
July, 1926 Eddington Publishes THE INTERNAL CONSTITUTION OF THE STARS......Page 2240
July 18, 1926 Treaty of Ankara......Page 2243
August, 1926-September, 1928 Warner Bros. Introduces Talking Motion Pictures......Page 2245
August 6, 1926 Ederle Swims the English Channel......Page 2250
September 9, 1926 National Broadcasting Company Is Founded......Page 2253
September 25, 1926 League of Nations Adopts International Slavery Convention......Page 2256
October 22, 1926 Hemingway’s THE SUN ALSO RISES Speaks for the Lost Generation......Page 2260
December, 1926 Keaton’s THE GENERAL Is Released......Page 2263
1928
......Page 2267
1927 Kuleshov and Pudovkin Introduce Montage to Filmmaking......Page 2269
1927 Lang Expands the Limits of Filmmaking with METROPOLIS......Page 2273
1927 Lemaître Proposes the Big Bang Theory......Page 2276
1927 Number of U.S. Automakers Falls to Forty-Four......Page 2279
1927 Oort Proves the Spiral Structure of the Milky Way......Page 2282
1927 U.S. Food and Drug Administration Is Established......Page 2285
January 1, 1927 British Broadcasting Corporation Is Chartered......Page 2289
February-March, 1927 Heisenberg Articulates the Uncertainty Principle......Page 2293
February 21, 1927 Eastman Kodak Is Found to Be in Violation of the Sherman Act......Page 2296
February 25, 1927 McFadden Act Regulates Branch Banking......Page 2300
May, 1927 Indiana Dunes Are Preserved as a State Park......Page 2303
May 17, 1927 Monet’s WATER LILIES Are Shown at the Musée de L’Orangerie......Page 2307
May 20, 1927 Lindbergh Makes the First Nonstop Transatlantic Flight......Page 2310
July 17, 1927 Brecht and Weill Collaborate on the MAHAGONNY SONGSPIEL......Page 2314
August 4, 1927 Rodgers Cuts His First Record for RCA Victor......Page 2317
August 23, 1927 Sacco and Vanzetti Are Executed......Page 2320
October 6, 1927 THE JAZZ SINGER Premieres as the First “Talkie”......Page 2323
December 4, 1927 Ellington Begins Performing at the Cotton Club......Page 2327
December 27, 1927 SHOW BOAT Is the First American Musical to Emphasize Plot......Page 2331
1928 Buñuel and Dalí Champion Surrealism in AN ANDALUSIAN DOG......Page 2334
1928 Bush Builds the First Differential Analyzer......Page 2337
1928 Smith-Hoover Campaign......Page 2340
1928-1932 Szent-Györgyi Discovers Vitamin C......Page 2343
January, 1928 Papanicolaou Develops a Test for Diagnosing Uterine Cancer......Page 2346
March, 1928 Muslim Brotherhood Is Founded in Egypt......Page 2349
March 19, 1928 AMOS ’N’ ANDY Radio Show Goes on the Air......Page 2351
May 11, 1928 Sound Technology Revolutionizes the Motion-Picture Industry......Page 2355
May 15, 1928 Australia Begins the Flying Doctor Service......Page 2359
May 18, 1928 Shakhty Case Debuts Show Trials in Moscow......Page 2361
Summer, 1928 Gamow Explains Radioactive Alpha Decay with Quantum Tunneling......Page 2363
July 2, 1928 Great Britain Lowers the Voting Age for Women......Page 2367
August, 1928 Mead Publishes COMING OF AGE IN SAMOA......Page 2370
August 27, 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact......Page 2373
September, 1928 Fleming Discovers Penicillin in Molds......Page 2377
September 17, 1928 Oil Companies Cooperate in a Cartel Covering the Middle East......Page 2380
October 1, 1928 Stalin Introduces Central Planning......Page 2384
December 10, 1928 Undset Accepts the Nobel Prize in Literature......Page 2388
1929 Baylor Plan Introduces Prepaid Hospital Care......Page 2390
1929 HALLELUJAH Is the First Important Black Musical Film......Page 2394
1929 Hubble Confirms the Expanding Universe......Page 2397
1929 Loewy Pioneers American Industrial Design......Page 2400
1929-1930 THE BEDBUG and THE BATHHOUSE Exemplify Revolutionary Theater......Page 2403
1929-1938 Berger Studies the Human Electroencephalogram......Page 2406
1929-1940 Maginot Line Is Built......Page 2409
January, 1929 ALL QUIET ON THE WESTERN FRONT Stresses the Futility of War......Page 2413
January, 1929 Trotsky Is Sent into Exile......Page 2416
February 11, 1929 Lateran Treaty......Page 2419
February 14, 1929 Valentine’s Day Massacre......Page 2422
February 17, 1929 League of United Latin American Citizens Is Founded......Page 2425
May 16, 1929 First Academy Awards Honor Film Achievement......Page 2427
June 3-August 28, 1929 Tacna-Arica Compromise......Page 2430
June 15, 1929 Agricultural Marketing Act......Page 2432
July, 1929 Drinker and Shaw Develop a Mechanical Respirator......Page 2435
July, 1929-July, 1931 Gödel Proves Incompleteness-Inconsistency for Formal Systems......Page 2438
August 23, 1929 Western Wall Riots......Page 2442
September, 1929-January, 1930 THE MALTESE FALCON Introduces the Hard-Boiled Detective Novel......Page 2444
October 7, 1929 THE SOUND AND THE FURY Launches Faulkner’s Career......Page 2448
October 24-29, 1929 U.S. Stock Market Crashes......Page 2452
October 29, 1929-1939 Great Depression......Page 2456
November 8, 1929 New York’s Museum of Modern Art Opens to the Public......Page 2461
November 19, 1929 Serengeti Game Reserve Is Created......Page 2464
Winter, 1929-1930 Schmidt Invents the Corrector for the Schmidt Camera and Telescope......Page 2468
Early 1930’s Mass Deportations of Mexicans......Page 2471
1930’s Americans Embrace Radio Entertainment......Page 2473
1930’s Guthrie’s Populist Songs Reflect the Depression-Era United States......Page 2477
1930’s Hindemith Advances Music as a Social Activity......Page 2481
1930’s Hollywood Enters Its Golden Age......Page 2485
1930’s Invention of the Slug Rejector Spreads Use of Vending Machines......Page 2489
1930’s Jung Develops Analytical Psychology......Page 2491
1930’s Wolman Begins Investigating Water and Sewage Systems......Page 2494
1930’s-1940’s Studio System Dominates Hollywood Filmmaking......Page 2497
1930 Dutch Elm Disease Arrives in the United States......Page 2501
1930 Lyot’s Coronagraph Allows Observation of the Sun’s Outer Atmosphere......Page 2504
1930 Zinsser Develops an Immunization Against Typhus......Page 2507
1930-1931 Pauling Develops His Theory of the Chemical Bond......Page 2510
1930-1932 Jansky’s Experiments Lead to Radio Astronomy......Page 2515
1930-1935 Von Sternberg Makes Dietrich a Superstar......Page 2517
February, 1930 Crane Publishes THE BRIDGE......Page 2521
February, 1930 Luce Founds FORTUNE Magazine......Page 2524
February 18, 1930 Tombaugh Discovers Pluto......Page 2528
March 12-April 5, 1930 Gandhi Leads the Salt March......Page 2531
March 31, 1930-1931 Hawk’s Nest Tunnel Construction Leads to Disaster......Page 2535
April, 1930 Midgley Introduces Dichlorodifluoromethane as a Refrigerant Gas......Page 2539
April 2, 1930 Haile Selassie Is Crowned Emperor of Ethiopia......Page 2542
May 30, 1930 Canadian National Parks Act......Page 2545
June 6, 1930-August 27, 1934 First Manned Bathysphere Dives......Page 2548
June 17, 1930 Hoover Signs the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act......Page 2551
Summer, 1930 Nation of Islam Is Founded......Page 2555
August, 1930 Lambeth Conference Allows Artificial Contraception......Page 2558
August, 1930-1935 Bennett Era in Canada......Page 2561
August 29, 1930 Japanese American Citizens League Is Founded......Page 2563
September, 1930 Auden’s Poems Speak for a Generation......Page 2566
September 8, 1930 Canada Enacts Depression-Era Relief Legislation......Page 2569
September 27, 1930 First Grand Slam of Golf......Page 2573
December, 1930 Du Pont Introduces Freon......Page 2575
December 11, 1930 Bank of United States Fails......Page 2578
1931 Karloff and Lugosi Become Kings of Horror......Page 2582
1931 ULTRAMARES Case Establishes Liability for Auditors......Page 2585
1931-1932 Gangster Films Become Popular......Page 2588
1931-1935 Chandrasekhar Calculates the Upper Limit of a White Dwarf Star’s Mass......Page 2592
1931-1941 The Group Theatre Flourishes......Page 2595
January 2, 1931 Lawrence Develops the Cyclotron......Page 2598
March 5, 1931 India Signs the Delhi Pact......Page 2601
March 19, 1931 Nevada Legalizes Gambling......Page 2604
Spring, 1931 Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye Exemplifies Functionalist Architecture......Page 2607
March 25, 1931-July, 1937 Scottsboro Trials......Page 2611
April, 1931 First Electron Microscope Is Constructed......Page 2614
April 14, 1931 Second Spanish Republic Is Proclaimed......Page 2617
May 1, 1931 Empire State Building Opens......Page 2620
May 8, 1931 Credit-Anstalt Bank of Austria Fails......Page 2624
May 27, 1931 Piccard Travels to the Stratosphere by Balloon......Page 2627
July, 1931 Yellow River Flood......Page 2630
July 26, 1931 International Bible Students Association Becomes Jehovah’s Witnesses......Page 2633
November 17, 1931 Whitney Museum of American Art Opens in New York......Page 2635
December 11, 1931 Formation of the British Commonwealth of Nations......Page 2638
1932 Berle and Means Discuss Corporate Control......Page 2642
1932 Céline’s JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE NIGHT Expresses Interwar Cynicism......Page 2645
1932 Gilson’s SPIRIT OF MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY Reassesses Christian Thought......Page 2648
1932-1935 Domagk Discovers That Sulfonamides Can Save Lives......Page 2650
1932-1940 Development of Negritude......Page 2653
January-February, 1932 El Salvador’s Military Massacres Civilians......Page 2656
January 7, 1932 Stimson Doctrine......Page 2659
January 22, 1932 Reconstruction Finance Corporation Is Created......Page 2661
February, 1932 Chadwick Discovers the Neutron......Page 2665
March 9, 1932 De Valera Is Elected President of the Irish Dáil......Page 2668
March 19, 1932 Dedication of the Sydney Harbour Bridge......Page 2670
March 23, 1932 Norris-La Guardia Act Strengthens Labor Organizations......Page 2673
April, 1932 Cockcroft and Walton Split the Atom......Page 2676
April 23, 1932 Stalin Restricts Soviet Composers......Page 2679
April 23, 1932-August, 1934 Socialist Realism Is Mandated in Soviet Literature......Page 2683
May 20-21, 1932 First Transatlantic Solo Flight by a Woman......Page 2687
July 3, 1932 Jooss’s Antiwar Dance THE GREEN TABLE Premieres......Page 2690
July 18, 1932 St. Lawrence Seaway Treaty......Page 2693
July 21-August 21, 1932 Ottawa Agreements......Page 2696
July 28, 1932 Bonus March......Page 2699
August 1, 1932 Canada’s First Major Socialist Movement......Page 2702
September, 1932 Anderson Discovers the Positron......Page 2704
September 25, 1932 Poona Pact Grants Representation to India’s Untouchables......Page 2707
October, 1932 Wright Founds the Taliesin Fellowship......Page 2710
November, 1932 Antitrust Prosecution Forces RCA to Restructure......Page 2714
November 8, 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt Is Elected U.S. President......Page 2717
December, 1932-Spring, 1934 Great Famine Strikes the Soviet Union......Page 2720
Winter, 1932 Huxley’s BRAVE NEW WORLD Forecasts Technological Totalitarianism......Page 2722
1933 Billie Holiday Begins Her Recording Career......Page 2726
1933 FORTY-SECOND STREET Defines 1930’s Film Musicals......Page 2729
1933 Kallet and Schlink Publish 100,000,000 GUINEA PIGS......Page 2733
1933-1934 First Artificial Radioactive Element Is Developed......Page 2736
January 2, 1933 Coward’s DESIGN FOR LIVING Epitomizes the 1930’s......Page 2739
January 23, 1933 Italy Creates the Industrial Reconstruction Institute......Page 2743
January 30, 1933 Hitler Comes to Power in Germany......Page 2746
February 24, 1933 Japan Withdraws from the League of Nations......Page 2749
February 27, 1933 Reichstag Fire......Page 2753
February 28, 1933 Perkins Becomes First Woman Secretary of Labor......Page 2758
March, 1933 Nazi Concentration Camps Begin Operating......Page 2761
March 4, 1933-1945 Good Neighbor Policy......Page 2765
March 9-June 16, 1933 The Hundred Days......Page 2767
March 23, 1933 Enabling Act of 1933......Page 2770
April 5, 1933 U.S. Civilian Conservation Corps Is Established......Page 2773
May 18, 1933 Tennessee Valley Authority Is Created......Page 2777
June 16, 1933 Banking Act of 1933 Reorganizes the American Banking System......Page 2780
June 16, 1933 Roosevelt Signs the National Industrial Recovery Act......Page 2784
July 6, 1933 First Major League Baseball All-Star Game......Page 2788
August 2, 1933 Soviets Open the White Sea-Baltic Canal......Page 2791
August 11-13, 1933 Iraqi Army Slaughters Assyrian Christians......Page 2793
September, 1933 Marshall Writes THE PEOPLE’S FORESTS......Page 2795
September 8, 1933 Work Begins on the Grand Coulee Dam......Page 2799
Fall, 1933-October 20, 1949 Lewis Convenes the Inklings......Page 2802
October 18, 1933 Roosevelt Creates the Commodity Credit Corporation......Page 2804
November-December, 1933 Fermi Proposes the Neutrino Theory of Beta Decay......Page 2808
November 16, 1933 United States Recognizes Russia’s Bolshevik Regime......Page 2811
December 8, 1933 Canonization of Bernadette Soubirous......Page 2814
December 17, 1933 End of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama’s Rule......Page 2816
1934 Benedict Publishes PATTERNS OF CULTURE......Page 2818
1934 Discovery of the Cherenkov Effect......Page 2822
1934 Lubitsch’s THE MERRY WIDOW Opens New Vistas for Film Musicals......Page 2826
1934 Soviet Union Bans Abstract Art......Page 2830
1934 Squier Founds Muzak......Page 2834
1934 Toynbee’s Metahistorical Approach Sparks Debate......Page 2837
1934 Zwicky and Baade Propose a Theory of Neutron Stars......Page 2839
1934-1935 Hitchcock Becomes Synonymous with Suspense......Page 2843
1934-1938 Production Code Gives Birth to Screwball Comedy......Page 2846
1934-1939 Dust Bowl Devastates the Great Plains......Page 2851
1934-1945 Radar Is Developed......Page 2855
February, 1934 Rivera’s Rockefeller Center Mural Is Destroyed......Page 2857
February 6, 1934 Stavisky Riots......Page 2861
March 16, 1934 Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act......Page 2863
March 24, 1934 Philippine Independence Act......Page 2866
May 23, 1934 Police Apprehend Bonnie and Clyde......Page 2869
June 6, 1934 Securities and Exchange Commission Is Established......Page 2871
June 10, 1934 Federal Communications Commission Is Established by Congress......Page 2875
June 18, 1934 Indian Reorganization Act......Page 2878
June 26, 1934 Federal Credit Union Act......Page 2882
June 28, 1934 Taylor Grazing Act......Page 2885
June 30-July 2, 1934 Great Blood Purge......Page 2888
September 1, 1934 Miller’s TROPIC OF CANCER Stirs Controversy......Page 2891
Fall, 1934-May 6, 1953 Gibbon Develops the Heart-Lung Machine......Page 2894
October 16, 1934-October 18, 1935 Mao’s Long March......Page 2898
October 19, 1934 Marshall and Leopold Form the Wilderness Society......Page 2901
November, 1934 Yukawa Proposes the Existence of Mesons......Page 2905
December, 1934 Stalin Begins the Purge Trials......Page 2907
December 1, 1934 Goodman Begins His LET’S DANCE Broadcasts......Page 2911
December 6, 1934 Balanchine’s SERENADE Inaugurates American Ballet......Page 2915
December 29, 1934 Japan Renounces Disarmament Treaties......Page 2918
1935 Chapman Determines the Lunar Atmospheric Tide at Moderate Latitudes......Page 2920
1935 Penguin Develops a Line of Paperback Books......Page 2923
1935-1936 Turing Invents the Universal Turing Machine......Page 2927
January, 1935 Richter Develops a Scale for Measuring Earthquake Strength......Page 2930
January, 1935 Schiaparelli’s Boutique Mingles Art and Fashion......Page 2934
February, 1935-October 27, 1938 Carothers Invents Nylon......Page 2937
February 12, 1935 Exhibition of American Abstract Painting Opens in New York......Page 2941
February 19, 1935 Odets’s AWAKE AND SING! Becomes a Model for Protest Drama......Page 2944
February 27, 1935 Temple Receives a Special Academy Award......Page 2948
April 8, 1935 Works Progress Administration Is Established......Page 2951
April 15, 1935 Arbitration Affirms National Responsibility for Pollution......Page 2955
April 27, 1935 Soil Conservation Service Is Established......Page 2958
May 27, 1935 Black Monday......Page 2962
June 10, 1935 Formation of Alcoholics Anonymous......Page 2964
July, 1935 Tansley Proposes the Term “Ecosystem”......Page 2967
July 5, 1935 Wagner Act......Page 2971
August 14, 1935 Roosevelt Signs the Social Security Act......Page 2974
August 23, 1935 Banking Act of 1935 Centralizes U.S. Monetary Control......Page 2978
August 29, 1935-June 30, 1939 Federal Theatre Project Promotes Live Theater......Page 2981
August 31, 1935-November 4, 1939 Neutrality Acts......Page 2986
September 6, 1935 TOP HAT Establishes the Astaire-Rogers Dance Team......Page 2989
October 10, 1935 Gershwin’s PORGY AND BESS Opens in New York......Page 2992
October 11, 1935-July 15, 1936 League of Nations Applies Economic Sanctions Against Italy......Page 2996
October 23, 1935-November 15, 1948 King Returns to Power in Canada......Page 3000
November-December, 1935 Egas Moniz Develops the Prefrontal Lobotomy......Page 3003
November 5, 1935 Armstrong Demonstrates FM Radio Broadcasting......Page 3006
November 10, 1935 Congress of Industrial Organizations Is Founded......Page 3009
November 27, 1935 New Zealand’s First Labour Party Administration......Page 3012
1936 Lehmann Discovers the Earth’s Inner Core......Page 3014
1936 Müller Invents the Field Emission Microscope......Page 3017
1936-1946 France Nationalizes Its Banking and Industrial Sectors......Page 3020
January-March, 1936 Consumers Union of the United States Emerges......Page 3023
January 1, 1936 Ford Foundation Is Established......Page 3027
January 26, 1936 Tudor’s JARDIN AUX LILAS Premieres in London......Page 3029
January 28, 1936 Soviets Condemn Shostakovich’s LADY MACBETH OF THE MTSENSK DISTRICT......Page 3032
February 4, 1936 Darling Founds the National Wildlife Federation......Page 3036
February 4, 1936 Keynes Proposes Government Management of the Economy......Page 3040
February 17, 1936 Corporatism Comes to Paraguay......Page 3044
March 7, 1936 German Troops March into the Rhineland......Page 3048
March 11, 1936 Boulder Dam Is Completed......Page 3051
April 15, 1936-1939 Great Uprising of Arabs in Palestine......Page 3056
June 19, 1936 Robinson-Patman Act Restricts Price Discrimination......Page 3058
June 25, 1936 The DC-3 Opens a New Era of Air Travel......Page 3062
July 17, 1936 Spanish Civil War Begins......Page 3066
August 1-16, 1936 Germany Hosts the Summer Olympics......Page 3069
August 2-18, 1936 Claretian Martyrs Are Executed in Spain......Page 3072
November, 1936 Carnegie Redefines Self-Help Literature......Page 3074
November 2, 1936 BBC Airs the First High-Definition Television Program......Page 3077
November 11, 1936 Reciprocal Trade Act......Page 3081
November 23, 1936 Fluorescent Lighting Is Introduced......Page 3084
November 23, 1936 Luce Launches LIFE Magazine......Page 3087
November 25, 1936 Germany and Japan Sign the Anti-Comintern Pact......Page 3090
December, 1936 Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace......Page 3092
December 10, 1936 Edward VIII Abdicates the British Throne......Page 3094
1937 Dreyfuss Designs the Bell 300 Telephone......Page 3097
1937 Prouvé Pioneers Architectural Prefabrication......Page 3100
1937-1938 Aalto Designs Villa Mairea......Page 3103
1937-1939 Renoir’s Films Explore Social and Political Themes......Page 3106
January-September, 1937 Segrè Identifies the First Artificial Element......Page 3110
January, 1937-February, 1940 Adams Lobbies Congress to Preserve Kings Canyon......Page 3113
January 6, 1937 Embargo on Arms to Spain......Page 3117
February 5-July 22, 1937 Supreme Court-Packing Fight......Page 3120
March, 1937 Delaware River Project Begins......Page 3123
March, 1937 Krebs Describes the Citric Acid Cycle......Page 3126
March 14, 1937 Pius XI Urges Resistance Against Nazism......Page 3130
April 1, 1937 Britain Separates Burma from India......Page 3133
April 26, 1937 Raids on Guernica......Page 3135
May 6, 1937 HINDENBURG Dirigible Bursts into Flames......Page 3138
May 26, 1937 Egypt Joins the League of Nations......Page 3141
May 27, 1937 Golden Gate Bridge Opens......Page 3143
June, 1937 Theiler Develops a Treatment for Yellow Fever......Page 3146
June-September, 1937 Reber Builds the First Intentional Radio Telescope......Page 3149
June 2, 1937 Berg’s LULU Opens in Zurich......Page 3152
July, 1937 Picasso Exhibits GUERNICA......Page 3155
July 7, 1937 China Declares War on Japan......Page 3158
July 19-November 30, 1937 Nazi Germany Hosts the DEGENERATE ART EXHIBITION......Page 3161
August 17, 1937 Miller-Tydings Act Legalizes Retail Price Maintenance......Page 3165
September, 1937 Tolkien Redefines Fantasy Literature......Page 3168
September 2, 1937 Pittman-Robertson Act Provides State Wildlife Funding......Page 3171
Fall, 1937-Winter, 1938 Weidenreich Reconstructs the Face of Peking Man......Page 3174
October, 1937 THE DIARY OF A COUNTRY PRIEST Inspires American Readers......Page 3177
December, 1937-February, 1938 Rape of Nanjing......Page 3180
December 21, 1937 Disney Releases SNOW WHITE AND THE SEVEN DWARFS......Page 3184
1938 Barnard Publishes THE FUNCTIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE......Page 3187
1938 Callendar Connects Industry with Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide......Page 3190
1938 Hofmann Synthesizes the Potent Psychedelic Drug LSD-25......Page 3193
1938 John Muir Trail Is Completed......Page 3197
1938-1950 Golden Age of American Science Fiction......Page 3200
January, 1938 Kapitsa Explains Superfluidity......Page 3204
February 4, 1938 OUR TOWN Opens on Broadway......Page 3208
February 10, 1938 Fannie Mae Promotes Home Ownership......Page 3211
February 12-April 10, 1938 The Anschluss......Page 3214
March 3, 1938 Rise of Commercial Oil Industry in Saudi Arabia......Page 3217
March 18, 1938 Mexico Nationalizes Foreign Oil Properties......Page 3219
March 21, 1938 Wheeler-Lea Act Broadens FTC Control over Advertising......Page 3222
April, 1938 Cerletti and Bini Use Electroshock to Treat Schizophrenia......Page 3225
April 5, 1938 Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo Debuts......Page 3228
May 26, 1938 HUAC Is Established......Page 3232
June 7, 1938 Chinese Forces Break Yellow River Levees......Page 3235
June 21, 1938 Natural Gas Act......Page 3237
June 25, 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act......Page 3240
June 25, 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act......Page 3243
July 6-15, 1938 Evian Conference......Page 3246
September 17, 1938 First Grand Slam of Tennis......Page 3248
September 29-30, 1938 Munich Conference......Page 3250
October 5, 1938 Death of Maria Faustina Kowalska......Page 3254
October 22, 1938 Carlson and Kornei Make the First Xerographic Photocopy......Page 3255
October 30, 1938 Welles Broadcasts THE WAR OF THE WORLDS......Page 3258
November 9-10, 1938 Kristallnacht......Page 3262
December, 1938 Hahn Splits the Uranium Atom......Page 3264
December 10, 1938 Buck Receives the Nobel Prize in Literature......Page 3268
1939 Bourbaki Group Publishes ÉLÉMENTS DE MATHÉMATIQUE......Page 3270
1939 Ford Defines the Western in STAGECOACH......Page 3273
1939 Müller Discovers the Insecticidal Properties of DDT......Page 3277
1939-1945 Nazi Extermination of the Jews......Page 3280
1939-1949 Bill Monroe and the Blue Grass Boys Define Bluegrass Music......Page 3284
January 2, 1939 Marian Anderson Is Barred from Constitution Hall......Page 3287
February 15, 1939 Oppenheimer Calculates the Nature of Black Holes......Page 3291
March 2, 1939 Pius XII Becomes Pope......Page 3294
March 31, 1939 Sherlock Holmes Film Series Begins......Page 3297
April, 1939 THE GRAPES OF WRATH Portrays Depression-Era America......Page 3301
April 7, 1939 Italy Invades and Annexes Albania......Page 3305
April 30, 1939 American Television Debuts at the World’s Fair......Page 3307
May 16, 1939 First U.S. Food Stamp Program Begins......Page 3311
June 12, 1939 Dedication of the Baseball Hall of Fame......Page 3314
Summer, 1939 Stalin Suppresses the Russian Orthodox Church......Page 3316
August, 1939 United States Begins Mobilization for World War II......Page 3319
August 17, 1939 THE WIZARD OF OZ Premieres......Page 3322
August 23-24, 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact......Page 3326
September 1, 1939 Germany Invades Poland......Page 3330
September 10, 1939 Canada Enters World War II......Page 3334
November 1, 1939 Rockefeller Center Is Completed......Page 3336
November 30, 1939-March 12, 1940 Russo-Finnish War......Page 3340
December 15, 1939 GONE WITH THE WIND Premieres......Page 3344
1940 García Lorca’s POET IN NEW YORK Is Published......Page 3347
1940 Wright’s NATIVE SON Depicts Racism in America......Page 3351
1940-1941 Moore’s Subway Sketches Record War Images......Page 3354
April-May, 1940 Soviets Massacre Polish Prisoners of War......Page 3357
April 9, 1940 Germany Invades Norway......Page 3361
May, 1940 Florey and Chain Develop Penicillin as an Antibiotic......Page 3364
May, 1940 Roosevelt Uses Business Leaders for World War II Planning......Page 3367
May 10-June 22, 1940 Collapse of France......Page 3371
May 16, 1940-1944 Gypsies Are Exterminated in Nazi Death Camps......Page 3374
May 26-June 4, 1940 Evacuation of Dunkirk......Page 3377
June 14, 1940 United States Begins Building a Two-Ocean Navy......Page 3379
June 30, 1940 Congress Centralizes Regulation of U.S. Commercial Air Traffic......Page 3383
July 1, 1940 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Is Formed......Page 3386
July 10-October 31, 1940 Battle of Britain......Page 3388
August, 1940 Japan Announces the Greater East Asia Coprosperity Sphere......Page 3393
August 3, 1940-March, 1941 Italy Invades British Somaliland......Page 3395
August 16, 1940 Ogdensburg Agreement......Page 3397
September, 1940 Japan Occupies Indochinese Ports......Page 3400
September 1, 1940 First Color Television Broadcast......Page 3403
September 12, 1940 Lascaux Cave Paintings Are Discovered......Page 3406
September 13, 1940 Italy Invades Egypt......Page 3410
November 7, 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapses......Page 3413
November 13, 1940 Disney’s FANTASIA Premieres......Page 3416
December, 1940 Koestler Examines the Dark Side of Communism......Page 3419
December 30, 1940 Arroyo Seco Freeway Opens in Los Angeles......Page 3422
Bibliography......Page 3428
Electronic Resources......Page 3469
Chronological List of Entries......Page 3482
Geographical Index (with page links)......Page 3504
Category Index (with page links)......Page 3530
Personages Index (with page links)......Page 3578
A......Page 3613
B......Page 3618
C......Page 3625
D......Page 3631
E......Page 3635
F......Page 3638
G......Page 3642
H......Page 3646
I......Page 3650
J......Page 3653
K......Page 3655
L......Page 3657
M......Page 3661
N......Page 3668
O......Page 3673
P......Page 3674
Q,R......Page 3680
S......Page 3685
T......Page 3694
U......Page 3697
V......Page 3698
W......Page 3699
Y......Page 3704
Z......Page 3705