Graphene-Based Nanomaterial Catalysis

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Graphene-Based Nanomaterial Catalysis
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Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
1. Introduction of Graphene-based Materials (Structure, Synthesis, and Properties)
	Introduction
	Graphene Structure
	Synthesis of Graphene
		Bottom-Up Production
			Synthesis by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
			Synthesis by Epitaxial Growth
			Synthesis by Pyrolysis
			Synthesis by Organic Synthesis
			Laser-assisted Synthesis
		Top-Down Production
			Synthesis by Chemical Oxidation-Reduction
			Synthesis by Unzipping of Carbon Nanotubes
			Synthesis by Arc-discharge Method
			Synthesis by Liquid-phase Exfoliation (LPE)
			Synthesis by Solid-state or Mechanical Exfoliation
			Synthesis of Graphene by Electrochemical Exfoliation
	Chemical and Physical Properties of Graphene
	Functionalization of Graphene
	Conclusion
	Consent for Publication
	Conflict of Interest
	Acknowledgements
	References
2. Graphene-based Nanomaterials as Organocatalyst
	Introduction
	Acid Functionalized Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites
	Acid-Base Bifunctional Graphene Oxide
	Metal-Free Doped Graphene
	Magnetic-Based Graphene Oxide Organocatalysts
	Conclusion
	Consent for Publication
	Conflict of Interest
	Acknowledgements
	References
3. Graphene Derived Materials as Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
	Introduction
	Graphene-Based Material for O2 Reduction
		Heteroatom Doped Graphene Catalysts
			N- doped Graphene Derived Materials (NGDM)
			S- & S- and N- Co-Doped Graphene Derived Materials (SGDM/SNGDM)
			Nanocomposites of Graphene Derived Materials (ncGDM)
			Future of Graphene in ORR
	Conclusions and Outlook
	Consent for Publication
	Conflict of Interest
	Acknowledgements
	References
4. Graphene as a Support in Heterogeneous Catalysis
	Introduction
	Synthesis and Designing of Graphene as Support
	Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts on Graphene Support
	Bimetallic Catalysts on Graphene Support
	Modified Graphene Support
	Role of Graphene as Support in Heterogeneous Coupling Reactions
	Conclusion
	Consent for Publication
	Conflict of Interest
	Acknowledgements
	References
5. Graphene-Based Nano-materials as Catalyst for the Synthesis of Medicinally Implanted Scaffold 1,2,3-triazoles
	Introduction
	Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Direct Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions
	Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in One-Pot Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions
	Conclusion
	Consent for Publication
	Conflict of Interest
	Acknowledgements
	References
6. Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals using Graphene and its Composite Materials
	Introduction
	Graphene-Based Composite Materials for CO2 Conversion to Cyclic Carbonates
	Graphene-Based Composite Materials for Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2
	Graphene-Based Composite Materials for CO2 Conversion to Hydrocarbon Fuels
	Graphene-Based Composite Materials for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion
	Conclusion
	Consent for Publication
	Conflict of Interest
	Acknowledgements
	References
7. Metal-Doped Graphene Materials as Electrocatalysts in Sensors
	Introduction
	Synthesis of MDG Electrocatalysts
		MDG Materials as Sensors
		Reduction of Oxygen and Hydrogen
		H2 Detection
		Detecting Dangerous Gas Molecules CO, CO2, SO2, and H2S
	Study Using First Principles
	Conclusion
	Consent for Publication
	Conflict of Interest
	Acknowledgements
	References
8. Graphene Based Nanomaterials as Catalyst in Reduction Reactions
	Introduction
	Hydrogenation of C-C Double Bonds by Using Metal-Free Graphene
		Reduction Using Ni-oxide/GOSs Catalyst
		Hydrogenation By Using Pd@CGO Catalyst
		Reduction Of Nitroarenes Into Aniline Derivatives By Au-GO Catalyst
		Reduction By Ru-GCN Catalyst
		Hydrogenation By Using G-Pt Catalyst
		Reduction By Using NrGO Catalyst
		Reduction Of 4-Nitrophenol Into Aniline Derivatives By Using AuNP/PQ11/GN Catalyst
		Hydrogenation Of Carbonyl Compounds By Using Ru/RGO Catalyst
		Fe NPs/CDG Mediated Hydrogenation Of 1-Hexene
		Hydrogenation Of Styrene By Using Fe@g-C3N4 Catalyst
		Hydrogenation Of Phenylacetylene By Using Pd@mpg-C3N4 Catalyst
		Hydrogenation Of Alkynes And Terminal Alkynes By Using Co@NGR Catalyst
	Hydrogenation of Alkynes by Using SGR/PANI/Ni Catalyst
		Hydrogenation Of Alkenes And Alkynes By Using rGO-Ni30Pd70
		Hydrogenation Of Double Bonds By Using Pd-NGRO-300 Catalyst
	Conclusion
	Consent for Publication
	Conflict of Interest
	Acknowledgements
	References
9. Graphene Based Nanomaterials as Catalysts in Solar Water Splitting
	Introduction
	Graphene: The Wonder Material Properties and Synthesis
		Graphene Properties
	Synthesis Methods of Graphene
	Techniques of Characterization for Graphene
		Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
		Raman Spectroscopy
		Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
		Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
		Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
	Graphene for Water Splitting Application
		Water Splitting Process
		Photocatalytic Water Splitting
		Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Water Splitting
		Graphene Based Nanomaterials
			TiO2-Graphene Photocatalysts
			TiO2-reduced Graphene Photocatalysts
			ZnO-Graphene Photocatalysts
	Conclusion
	Consent for Publication
	Conflict of Interest
	Acknowledgements
	References
10. Catalytic Applications of Graphene Nanomaterials in Organic Transformation
	Introduction
	General Information of Graphene Based Nanomaterials
	Catalytic Applications of Graphene Based Nanomaterials in Organic Transformation
		Esterification Reaction
		Acetylation Reaction
		Thioacetalization
		Dehydrative Esterification
		Trans Acetalization
		Thiocyanization
		Alcoholysis Reaction
		Transamidation of Aliphatic Amides
		Dehydrogenation-Hydrothiolation of Secondary Aryl Alcohols
		Ring-opening of Epoxides
		Oxidation Reactions
			Aerobic Oxidation of Cyclohexane
			C-H Oxidation
			Oxidation of Thiols
			Oxidative Aromatization of 1,4-dihydropyridines into Pyridine Derivatives
			Oxidation of Alcohols
			Oxidation of Benzene in to Phenol
			Transformation of Hydroquinone into Benzoquinone
			Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Hydrazo Compounds
			Oxidation of Glutaraldehyde
			Oxidative Coupling of Amines
		Graphene Nanomaterials Catalyzed Reduction Reactions
			Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene
			Hydrogenation of Ethylene
			Hydrogenation of Nitrogen Heterocycles
			Reduction of α, β-unsaturated Aldehydes
			Reduction of Methylene Blue
		Graphene Nanomaterials Catalyzed Coupling Reactions
			Aza-Michael Addition of Amines
			Oxidative Dehydrogenative C-N Coupling
			Formation of Biaryl Compounds
			Direct CH-CH Cross-coupling
			Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling
			Heck and Sonogashira Coupling
		Graphene Nanomaterials Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions
			Friedel-Crafts Addition of Indoles
			Direct Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reactions
			Regioselective Ring Opening of Aromatic Epoxide
			Knoevenagel Condensation
			Michael Adducts
			Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles
			Synthesis of Amides
			Direct Oxidative Synthesis of Nitrones
			Synthesis of α-aminophosphonates
			Synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines
			Synthesis of Spiro Thiazolidinones Compounds
			Diels-Alder Reactions
			Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4-benzothiazines
			Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinolinones and quinazolin-4(3H)-one
			Synthesis of Thiazolidine-4-one Derivatives
	Conclusion
	Consent for Publication
	Conflict of Interests
	Acknowledgements
	References
Subject Index
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