Graphene Based Biomolecular Electronic Devices

Cover
Copyright
Preface
Graphene-Fundamentals
	Introduction
	History of graphene
	Graphene synthesis
		Top-down approach
			Mechanical exfoliation and cleavage
			Chemical exfoliation
		Bottom-up approach
			Epitaxial growth
			Chemical vapour deposition (CVD)
	Morphologies of graphene
	Electronic properties of graphene
	Graphene-biomolecular interactions
		Interactions in DNA-graphene hybrids
			Non-covalent interactions
			Covalent interactions
		Interactions in peptide-graphene hybrids
			Non-covalent interactions
			Covalent interactions
		Interactions in protein-graphene hybrids
			Non-covalent interactions
			Covalent interactions
		Interactions in carbohydrates-graphene hybrids
			Non-covalent interactions
			Covalent interactions
	Graphene-based hybrid biomaterials
		Graphene hybrids in tissue engineering
		Graphene hybrids in drug delivery
	Conclusions
	References
Graphene-Based Transduction Systems in Biosensors
	Introduction
	Graphene-based transduction systems
		Electrochemical biosensors
		Piezoelectric biosensors
		Optical biosensors
	Conclusions
	References
Graphene in Field Effect Transistor-Based Biosensors
	Introduction
	Graphene Bio-FET
		Substrate preparation
		Graphene selection
		Exfoliation and cleavage
		Chemically prepared graphene
		Chemical vapour deposition
		Placement of graphene on suitable substrates
			Exfoliated graphene
			Reduced graphene oxide
		Fabrication of FET sensors
			Non-covalent and covalent functionalization
		Non-covalent functionalization
			Covalent attachment
			Anti-biofouling
		Some graphene-based FET biosensors
			Genomic detection
			Biomarker detection
			Cellular detection
	Bio-FET-based label-free detection mechanism
		Indirect detection of macromolecules
		Direct detection of macromolecules
			Detection of oligonucleotides
		Detection of proteins
	Challenges of using graphene in fabrication of FET-based sensing devices
		Protocols for GFET device fabrications
	References
Graphene-Based Biosensors for Detection of Protein and Nucleic Acid
	Introduction
	Graphene-based biosensors for nucleic acid detection
		Introduction
		Graphene-based aptamer biosensors
		Graphene-based DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) biosensors
		Graphene-based PNA (peptide nucleic acid) biosensors
	Graphene-based biosensors for protein detection
		Introduction
		Graphene-based immunosensors
		Graphene-based enzyme biosensors
	Advanced applications of graphene-based biosensors
		Introduction
		Graphene-based biosensors in microfluidic chips
		Graphene-based biosensors for point-of-care diagnostics
		Graphene-based biosensors in integrated lab-on-a-chip
	Protocols
	Conclusions
	References
Graphene-Based Wearable Biosensors
	Introduction
	Graphene-based flexible and stretchable materials
		Bio-integrated devices
		Wireless biosensors
	Applications of wearable biosensors
		Electrophysiological measurements
		Biomolecular detection
		Kinematic detection
	Challenges and future prospectus
	Conclusions
	References
Graphene 3D Printing
	Introduction
	Direct 3D printing
		Direct ink writing for bioelectronic applications
		Direct bioprinting
	3D freeze printing
	Digital light processing 3D printing
	Stereolithography
		Graphene nanofiller in stereolithographic printing
	Fused deposition technique
	Conclusions
	References
Graphene-Based Microbial Fuel Cell
	Introduction
	Modified graphene as electrode material
	Synthesis of graphene used for electrode material
	MFC designing using graphene-based materials
	Graphene as an anode material
	Graphene as a cathode material
	MFC-based bioelectronic devices
	Conclusions
	References
Graphene-Based Drug Delivery System
	Introduction
	Graphene-based drug delivery nano-vehicles
	Graphene interaction with cell membrane
	Impact of graphene on a human body
	Conclusions
	References
Graphene in Tissue Engineeringand Electronics: Future Prospects and Challenges
	Introduction
	Fabrication of conductive scaffolds
		Chemical vapour deposition (CVD)
		3D printing
		Electrospinning
		Freeze drying
		Free radical polymerization
		Self-assembly
		Direct vacuum filtration method
	Molecular interactions in biopolymers and graphene
		Graphene-SF hybrids
		Graphene-amyloid hybrids
		Graphene-chitosan hybrids
	Cellular behaviour on conductive scaffolds
		Neural regeneration
		Stem cell differentiation
	Scaffold as an electronic sensor
	Challenges
	Protocols
		Graphene-SF synthesis
		Graphene-chitosan synthesis
	References
Commercial Prospects of Graphene-Based Biomolecular Electronic Devices and Challenges
	Introduction
	Graphene-based electronic devices
	Graphene-based biosensors
	Graphene-based biofuel cells
	Future challenges
	Conclusions
	References
Index
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