Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections and Mode of Endotoxin Actions: Pathophysiological, Immunological, and Clinical Aspects

Front Matter....Pages I-XVI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The Nature of Specific and Nonspecific Gram-Negative Infections Including Enteropathogenic E. coli Enteritis....Pages 3-7
Gram-Negative Bacteria: The Determinants of Pathogenicity....Pages 8-15
Studies on Shigellosis and Salmonellosis....Pages 16-23
Extrachromosomal Characters as Determinants of Pathogenicity in Enterobacteriaceae....Pages 24-29
Gram-Negative Rods as Agents of Nosocomial Disease: Some Recent Developments, with Comments on Mixed Cultures....Pages 30-37
Anaerobic Bacteria and their Role in Human Infections....Pages 38-39
Immunoresponse to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Infants: An Aspect of Pathogenesis of Urinary Tract Infections....Pages 40-46
The Differentiation of the So-Called Coliform Bacteria in Medical Specimens....Pages 47-51
Changes and Present Status of Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs in Gram-Negative Bacteria....Pages 52-59
Front Matter....Pages 67-67
Opposing Effects of Immunity to Endotoxin: Hypersensitivity Versus Protection....Pages 69-74
Infections in Immunodeficiency States....Pages 75-79
Species Differences in the Effectiveness of Intestinal Barriers against Penetration of Inert Particulates and Bacteria....Pages 80-85
Transformation of Mouse B-Lymphocytes by the Lipid Component of Endotoxin....Pages 86-90
Evaluation and Action of Biological Activity of Mediators Generated from Normal Serum by Interaction with Foreign Macromolecules....Pages 91-105
Purification of PO, Antigenic Subfraction of the Endotoxin Extracted from S. typhi O 901....Pages 106-111
Type Specific and Cross Reactive Antigens of Gram-Negative Bacilli in Protection against Infection....Pages 112-120
Front Matter....Pages 129-129
Recent Developments Especially Significant for Ascertaining the Mechanisms of Endotoxin-Enhanced Nonspecific Resistance....Pages 131-133
Mechanisms of Endotoxin Tolerance and their Effectiveness during the Febrile Phase of Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Man....Pages 134-138
The Mitogenic Activity of Lipopolysaccharides on Lymphocytes in Culture....Pages 139-146
The Role of Humoral and Cellular Factors in the Stimulation of Nonspecific Resistance Induced by Endotoxin....Pages 147-154
Front Matter....Pages 129-129
Genetic Control of Immune Responsiveness of Mice to a Soluble Brucella abortus Antigen....Pages 155-164
Front Matter....Pages 169-169
Nature and Specificity of Human Erythrocyte Membrane Receptor for Bacterial Endotoxins....Pages 171-181
The Mitogenic Activity of Lipopolysaccharides on Lymphocytes in Culture....Pages 182-189
Function of Leukocytes in Defense Mechanisms....Pages 190-199
The Effect of Detoxified Endotoxin on Bone Marrow....Pages 200-205
Changes of the Bone Marrow in Endotoxin Shock....Pages 206-209
Endotoxin-Induced Tumor Resistance....Pages 210-215
Front Matter....Pages 229-229
Correlation between Circulatory Status and Energy Metabolism in Various Tissues during Endotoxin Shock....Pages 231-236
Prognostic Indices for Assessment of Patients with Gram-Negative Bacteremia and Shock. An Evaluation of Hemodynamic, Respiratory and Metabolic Parameters....Pages 237-247
Abnormalities of Energy Metabolism in Sepsis and Endotoxemia....Pages 248-255
Changes in Hemodynamics and Gas Metabolism after Endotoxin Injection....Pages 256-264
Mesenteric Hemodynamics in Endotoxin Shock....Pages 265-270
Effect of Endotoxin on Metabolism and the Metabolic Changes in Bacterial Shock....Pages 271-277
Assessment of Studies in the Biochemistry and Immunology of Endotoxemia....Pages 278-280
Carbohydrate Metabolism during Experimental Endotoxemia....Pages 281-287
Mitochondrial Metabolic Alterations in Experimental Circulatory Shock....Pages 288-295
Serum Lipids in Experimental Consumption Coagulopathy Induced by Endotoxin and Thorotrast....Pages 296-300
Changes of Lipoproteinlipase (LPL) after Intravenous Injection of Endotoxin....Pages 301-305
Front Matter....Pages 309-309
Pharmacological Aspects of Endotoxin Effects....Pages 311-314
Initial Liberation of Biogenic Amines and Effect of Further Mediators Following Application of Endotoxins....Pages 315-322
Front Matter....Pages 309-309
Some Aspects of the Effects of Endotoxin, Endotoxoid, and Biogenic Amines....Pages 323-328
Biological Consequences of Endotoxin Interaction with Complement....Pages 329-334
Influence of Lipid A and Various LPS-Preparations on the Third Component of Complement (C 3): Biological Significance of this Interaction....Pages 335-337
Some Aspects of the Effects of Endotoxin on the Central Nervous System....Pages 338-345
Front Matter....Pages 351-351
Consumption Coagulopathy in the Course of Endotoxinemia....Pages 353-356
The Activation of Intravascular Coagulation by Endotoxin....Pages 357-361
Trigger Mechanism of Endotoxin-Induced Intravascular Coagulation....Pages 362-366
Blood Coagulation Mechanism and Endotoxins: Hemostatic Defect in Septic Shock....Pages 367-371
High Molecular Weight Derivatives of Fibrinogen and their Relation to the Total Fibrinogen Content Following the Infusion of Endotoxin in Pregnant Rabbits....Pages 372-373
Endotoxin Effects on Kidney Morphology and Function....Pages 377-382
Pathomorphology of Intravascular Coagulation Following Endotoxin Administration....Pages 383-402
Front Matter....Pages 409-409
Clinical Features in Shock Associated with Gram-Negative Bacteremia....Pages 411-418
The Pulmonary Response to Sepsis and Endotoxin: Clinical and Experimental Observations....Pages 419-428
On the Escape of Endotoxin from the Intestine....Pages 429-435
Pyelonephritis: Pathogenesis and Unsolved Problems....Pages 436-445
Endotoxin Shock in Obstetrics....Pages 446-449
Clinical Use of Endotoxoid....Pages 450-454
Front Matter....Pages 461-461
Bacterial Infection in Burn Disease....Pages 463-472
Bacteremia in the Course of Burns with Special Regard to the Initial Release of Mediators by Burn Trauma....Pages 473-479
Pathogenetic and Immunotherapeutic Significance of a Specific Cutaneous Human Burn Toxin....Pages 480-488
Front Matter....Pages 461-461
Immunization against Pseudomonas in Burn Disease....Pages 489-498
Active Immunization against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Burns....Pages 499-506
Back Matter....Pages 509-524