Governance, Industry and Labour Markets in Britain and France: The Modernizing State

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
FIGURES AND TABLES......Page 8
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 9
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 12
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 13
CONVENTIONS, GOVERNANCE AND THE POLITICS OF STATE INTERVENTION......Page 14
MODERNISATION AND THE SPHERE OF INDUSTRIAL POLITICS......Page 17
LABOUR MARKETS AND THE POLITICS OF FULL EMPLOYMENT......Page 22
The nature of employment in France and Britain......Page 23
France: wages, welfare and collective agreements......Page 24
Britain: modernisation and the voluntarist tradition......Page 27
CONCLUSION......Page 30
NOTES......Page 32
Part I MODERNISATION AND THE SPHERE OF INDUSTRIAL POLITICS......Page 34
2 COMPANIES UNDER PUBLIC CONTROL IN FRANCE, 1900–1950......Page 35
The defence industries: direct controls......Page 37
Railways and urban transport: compromise between public and private......Page 38
Energy......Page 39
The first world war: an interlude?......Page 40
The consequences of the war: increased control?......Page 42
Reconstruction and prosperity: state sponsored growth......Page 44
THE CRISIS OF THE 1930s: THE WAR AND INITIAL DESIGNS FOR A STATE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR......Page 45
The crisis, the Popular Front and the mixed economy.......Page 46
The SNCF, a nationalisation alien to Popular Front ideology?......Page 47
State surveillance of energy......Page 48
The second world war: the genesis of dirigisme......Page 49
FROM LIBERATION TO THE 1950s: A DOMINANT PUBLIC SECTOR?......Page 50
Nationalisation in three stages......Page 51
Macroeconomic coherence and adverse effects......Page 53
Three time-sequences and three interpretations......Page 56
NOTES......Page 58
Formation......Page 61
Implementation......Page 63
Success or failure?......Page 64
ENTERPRISE CALCULATION AND THE WIDER ECONOMIC CONTEXT......Page 67
THE EMPLOYERS AND THE PRODUCTIVITY DRIVE......Page 69
LABOUR AND THE EMPLOYERS’ OPPOSITION......Page 71
(1) BETRO......Page 74
(2) Joint production committees......Page 75
SOME CONCLUSIONS......Page 77
NOTES......Page 78
4 THE ‘REAL’ WORLD OF THE ENGINEERING AND ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES IN THE PARISIAN BASIN......Page 80
THE PROBLEM......Page 81
Products......Page 82
Shattering the coherence of the real world of production......Page 83
YEARS OF TENSION 1930–9: ‘BEHIND’ THE PRODUCTS, A MACROECONOMY IN DISEQUILIBRIUM......Page 85
Time perspectives and expectations of firms......Page 86
Retrospective lessons from a macroeconomic analysis17......Page 90
Stimulating supply and product variety: an unsolved problem......Page 91
Three examples of co-ordination failure......Page 92
1944 AND AFTER: EXPECTATIONS OF LONG-TERM GROWTH......Page 94
CONCLUSION......Page 97
1 Estimates of a vectorial auto-regressive model based on monthly data from January 1928 to May 1939......Page 98
APPENDIX 2: THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BALANCE SHEETS AND REPORTS TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF FIFTY-THREE FIRMS IN ENGINEERING AND ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY IN THE SEINE, 1925–55......Page 99
1 The statistical analysis of balance sheets and profit and loss accounts......Page 100
The statistical analysis of textual data from the annual reports to the boards of directors (BD)......Page 101
Third class: Product development (13.7per cent of the BCU)......Page 102
Eighth class: Firm personnel (3.1 per cent of the BCU)......Page 103
NOTES......Page 104
INTRODUCTION......Page 108
Promoting productivity, emulating America......Page 109
BRINGING IT ALL BACK HOME......Page 112
FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE......Page 116
OBSTACLES TO AMERICANISATION: SUPPLY AND DEMAND......Page 121
THE PERSISTENCE OF SELECTIVE ADAPTATION......Page 123
CONCLUSIONS......Page 125
NOTES......Page 126
6 TRAINING ENGINEERS IN LORRAINE, 1890–1956......Page 129
THE LEADING ROLE OF THE SCIENCE FACULTY OF NANCY, 1880–1914......Page 130
The Chemistry Institute and the Electrotechnical Institute......Page 131
THE PROBLEMS OF THE INTERWAR PERIOD......Page 136
Controlling numbers and quality......Page 138
On the eve of the slump......Page 139
The Langevin-Wallon Commission and after......Page 141
The Caen colloquium and state intervention......Page 143
Too many engineers?......Page 144
NOTES......Page 145
INTRODUCTION: THE ‘YOUTH PROBLEM’......Page 148
THE RESPONSE: POLICY INITIATIVES......Page 151
Technical training: the West Midlands experiment......Page 153
BRITISH RESPONSES IN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE: THE ILO SURVEY......Page 156
CONCLUSIONS: THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND AFTER......Page 160
NOTES......Page 163
Part II REGULATING LABOUR MARKETS......Page 166
8 ARBITRATION IN CONTEXT......Page 167
CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION IN 1936: FROM PRACTICAL APPLICATION TO LEGAL RECOGNITION......Page 168
Beyond monetary considerations......Page 169
Applying the procedure: the ambiguity over ‘collective disputes......Page 170
Conciliation and arbitration across diverse systems of production......Page 171
The Paris metal industries agreement as a model for light engineering in the Arve Valley......Page 173
CONCLUSIONS......Page 178
NOTES......Page 179
9  COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS IN FRANCE IN THE 1930s......Page 181
ORIGINS: ARBITRATION, COLLECTIVE CONTRACTS AND JOINT COMMITTEES......Page 182
1936: THE GENDER OF AGREEMENTS. THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAINT-ETIENNE METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY......Page 185
A LARGE COMPANY: MULTIPLE WORLDS OF PRODUCTION. FROM AGREEMENT TO CONFLICT......Page 187
IMPLEMENTING THE AGREEMENTS (1937–1939): CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION......Page 190
CONCLUSION......Page 192
NOTES......Page 193
10 FRANCE AND UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FROM 1920 TO 1958......Page 195
Limiting the demand for work......Page 196
Increasing the work supply......Page 198
Organising the job market......Page 199
Private charity and public assistance......Page 200
Subsidised voluntary insurance......Page 203
Compulsory unemployment insurance......Page 204
CONCLUSIONS......Page 207
NOTES......Page 208
INTRODUCTION......Page 213
THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY LEGACY......Page 214
REDEFINING THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL LEGISLATION......Page 216
The control test......Page 218
THE IMPACT OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING......Page 222
CONCLUSION......Page 225
NOTES......Page 226
INTRODUCTION......Page 231
Industrial structure and organisation, 1930–60......Page 232
Work organisation and labour market structure......Page 233
Industrial relations and wage determination......Page 235
INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES, 1930–60......Page 238
SUMMARY......Page 242
CONCLUSIONS......Page 245
NOTES......Page 246
13  STATE REGULATION AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION......Page 249
TRADE BOARDS AND THE CLOTHING TRADES......Page 251
INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING......Page 252
WAR, INDUSTRIAL CONCENTRATION AND THE FAILURE OF PLANNING......Page 259
CONCLUSIONS......Page 262
NOTES......Page 263
INTRODUCTION......Page 266
THE RECONSTRUCTION ECONOMY AND ITS PROBLEMS......Page 268
CIVIL SERVICE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT......Page 270
THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE......Page 274
COAL INDUSTRY AND NATIONALISATION......Page 277
CONCLUSIONS......Page 278
NOTES......Page 281
INDEX......Page 284