Good Kids from Bad Neighborhoods: Successful Development in Social Context

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Tables......Page 8
Tables, appendix a......Page 9
Figures......Page 10
Foreword......Page 12
References......Page 17
Acknowledgments......Page 19
Introduction......Page 21
Overcoming adversity in disadvantaged neighborhoods......Page 23
The potential contribution of this study......Page 25
Primary study objectives......Page 26
Organizational structure of this book......Page 28
Notes......Page 29
Synopsis......Page 31
Introduction......Page 33
Identifying the geographical boundaries of neighborhoods......Page 34
Validating neighborhood boundaries......Page 37
Qualitative data on neighborhood boundaries......Page 40
Discussion......Page 44
Selecting study neighborhoods......Page 45
Data sources and measures......Page 47
General organization of study findings......Page 48
Notes......Page 49
Synopsis......Page 53
Northside......Page 55
Allenspark......Page 57
The neighborhood as a developmental context......Page 59
Advantaged and disadvantaged neighborhoods......Page 60
Neighborhood Poverty......Page 62
Racial and Ethnic Heterogeneity......Page 63
Residential Instability......Page 64
Single-Parent Families......Page 65
Physical condition: well-kept and deteriorated neighborhoods......Page 66
Social isolation......Page 67
Social control......Page 68
Discussion......Page 69
Notes......Page 73
Synopsis......Page 75
Introduction......Page 77
Measuring Successful Youth Development......Page 78
The Measure of Neighborhood Disadvantage......Page 81
Neighborhood poverty, disadvantage, and deterioration......Page 87
Neighborhood-Level Effects: Poverty and Disadvantage......Page 89
Success: Personal Competence Outcomes......Page 90
Being On Track......Page 92
Grades......Page 93
Delinquency and Arrest......Page 94
Neighborhood-level effects: physical deterioration......Page 97
Combined disadvantage and deterioration effects......Page 100
Neighborhood-level effects: summary and discussion......Page 101
Neighborhood effects on individual development......Page 104
Initial estimates of neighborhood influences on individual success outcomes......Page 105
Hlm analyses: adjusted estimates of neighborhood and individual effects on success......Page 106
Exploring the interactions......Page 109
Discussion: the effects of disadvantage/poverty and deterioration on individual-level success outcomes......Page 110
Conclusion......Page 113
Notes......Page 114
Synopsis......Page 121
Introduction......Page 123
A general model of neighborhood effects......Page 124
Components of organization and culture......Page 125
Institutional Effectiveness......Page 126
Informal Networks and Social Control......Page 130
Informal Networks and Promoting Successful Development......Page 131
Neighborhood Bonding and Cohesion......Page 132
The Culture of the Neighborhood: Normative/Value Consensus......Page 133
Illegal Activities and Opportunities......Page 136
Discussion......Page 140
Summary......Page 143
Notes......Page 145
Synopsis......Page 149
Introduction......Page 151
Measures of neighborhood organization......Page 153
Classifying neighborhoods by social organization and culture......Page 156
Neighborhood organization, physical deterioration, and disadvantage......Page 157
Summary and discussion......Page 162
Neighborhood organization and youth development outcomes......Page 165
Neighborhood-Level Effects on Rates of Successful Development......Page 168
Neighborhood Effects on Individual-Level Success......Page 170
Summary and discussion......Page 172
Notes......Page 177
synopsis......Page 181
Introduction......Page 183
Family Resources......Page 185
Family Dysfunction......Page 188
Good Parenting Practices......Page 189
Family Normative/Value Climate......Page 190
Measures of family characteristics......Page 191
Family characteristics by type of neighborhood......Page 196
Predicting family characteristics and practices: combined neighborhood measures......Page 200
Neighborhood and family characteristics at the individual level......Page 203
Family Influences on Successful Development-Neighborhood Level......Page 210
Family Influences on Youth Development-Individual Level......Page 212
qualitative study findings......Page 215
discussion......Page 216
Notes......Page 219
Synopsis......Page 223
Introduction......Page 225
Expanding social contexts in childhood and adolescence: the school and the peer group......Page 226
Neighborhood and family influences on the school context......Page 229
Neighborhood and family influences on peer groups......Page 232
School context influences on youth development outcomes......Page 234
Peer context influences on youth development outcomes......Page 235
Measures of school and peer group variables......Page 237
School and peer group characteristics by type of neighborhood......Page 240
School, peer group, and family characteristics......Page 246
Neighborhood Level Effects......Page 249
Individual Level Effects......Page 250
Predicting youth development outcomes with the full model: neighborhood level......Page 252
Predicting youth development outcomes with the full model: individual level......Page 254
Summary......Page 255
Notes......Page 257
synopsis......Page 263
Introduction......Page 265
Explaining successful development at the neighborhood level......Page 266
Explaining individual level youth development outcomes......Page 271
Comparing neighborhood- and individual-level models......Page 275
Success in disadvantaged neighborhoods......Page 276
Personal Competence, Prosocial Behavior, and On Track in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods......Page 277
Prosocial Competence in Disadvantaged Chicago Neighborhoods......Page 280
Problem Behavior in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods (Denver and Chicago)......Page 281
Predictors of success in disadvantaged neighborhoods-summary......Page 282
A person-focused analysis of the effects of disadvantage......Page 283
Accounting for Successful Youth Development Outcomes......Page 285
Does Neighborhood Disadvantage/Poverty Matter?......Page 287
What determines success in disadvantaged neighborhoods?......Page 289
Notes......Page 291
Introduction......Page 294
How Important are Neighborhoods?......Page 295
Characteristics of “Good” Neighborhoods–Neighborhoods That Promote Success......Page 297
The Clustering and Cumulative Effects of Neighborhood, Family, School, and Peer Contexts......Page 299
Characteristics of a “Good” Family......Page 300
Characteristics of “Good” Schools and Peer Groups......Page 302
Success in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods......Page 304
SES, Race, and Ethnic Effects on Success......Page 305
Age and Gender Effects on Success......Page 306
Comparing denver and chicago......Page 307
Type of Success Outcome......Page 309
Family Dysfunction and Moral Beliefs......Page 310
Poverty and Crime......Page 311
Facilitating success in disadvantaged neighborhoods: program and policy implications......Page 312
Recommended directions for future research......Page 318
Notes......Page 322
Appendix A......Page 325
Appendix B: Directly Explained Variance as an Estimate of the Influence of a Predictor on an Outcome......Page 369
References......Page 373
Author Index......Page 401
Subject Index......Page 408